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Directed by the Heritage Foundation, the 2025 Presidential Transition Project (or Project 2025) rests on "four pillars": a policy guide, a "conservative LinkedIn", a "Presidential Administration Academy",[1] and a "playbook".[2] The policy guide has been published in April 2024[3] as a volume of the Mandate for Leadership series, under the name The Conservative Promise. Edited by Paul Dans and Steven Groves, the more than 900-page volume features 30 chapters written by 40 primary authors.[4]

More than 100 organizations, spanning from conservative to far-right,[5] have helped produce the Conservative Promise, and Project 2025 more generally.[6] The policy reforms promoted in it and its digest have gained traction during the 2024 US presidential election.[7] Many collaborators of Donald Trump have been tied to the project.[8][9][10]

Background

[edit]

Trump attended an event for Heritage in Amelia Island, Florida, on April 21, 2022, and praised its forthcoming Project 2025, saying:[11]

[T]hey're going to lay the groundwork and detail plans for exactly what our movement will do and what your movement will do when the American people give us a colossal mandate to save America and that's coming. That's coming. Because nobody can stand what's happening right now. Only a fool, only a fool or somebody that hates our country can like what's happening right now. Never been in this position before and already we know a very big part of our agenda.

During his 2024 political campaign Trump faced political pressure for his association with Project 2025; he started to disavow it by July.[12][13] Soon after, Dans resigned from Project 2025, a symbolic gesture since it published its deliverables, including a database of 10,000 conservative job candidates.[14] Dans later criticized senior advisors Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita for 'historic campaign malpractice'.[15] LaCivita floated the idea that Project 2025 members would be barred from serving in the Second Trump administration.[16]

On August 15, 2025, CNN published a video in which British journalists made Russell Vought reveal his policy preparation for a Trump presidency, his views on unitary executive theory, and his Christian nationalism.[17] While still distancing himself from Project 2025,[18] Trump headlined a Moms for Liberty event sponsored by Heritage at the end of August.[19]

Heritage stated that Trump has previously embraced many of the policy recommendations put forward by that organization. Several contributors to the project have held positions one of his Trump's political campaign(s) or his administration(s).[20]

Advisory board

[edit]

The Conservative Promise has an "Advisory board" section in its front matter.[21] Organizations with collaborators are marked with a dagger (†) in the tables below. Those featured in the Conservative promise with no collaborator are:

Heritage maintained a website from April 2023 to March, 2025.[23] The organizations listed kept changing. The number Heritage touted in their press releases varied from 21 in June 2022 to more than 100 in February 2024; after Trump's disavowal of Project 2025, many advisory board members were scrubbed from the website, including America First Legal, an organization founded by Stephen Miller.[24]

Authors

[edit]

The 30 chapters of the Conservative Promise have been authored by 40 persons. Many have contributed to chapters they have not authored. The Heritage president wrote the foreword, and one of its co-founders wrote the afterword.

Of these authors and editors, the New York Times found that by October 2024, 18 have served in the first Trump administration.[10] The Revolving Door Project counted that 25 of the 30 chapters have been written by former Trump officials.[25] Since then other ties have been found.

Organizations marked with a dagger (†) are listed in the "Advisory board" section of the Conservative Promise.

Name Affiliations Chapter or matter Trump ties
Daren Bakst Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) †; Heartland Institute;[26] Federalist Society[27] 10 – "Department of Agriculture"[28][29][30]
Jonathan Berry Heritage; † Boyden Gray; Federalist Society 18 – "Department of Labor and Related Agencies"[31][32] DOJ (2017–2018), DOL (2018–2020)[33][34][25] transition team (2024);[35] DOL (2025-)[36]
Robert Benedict Bowes 27 – "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Consumer Financial Protection Bureau"[37] Campaign director (2016),[38] HUD (2017–2021), OPM,[38] CFTC withdrawn nomination (2020)[39]
Lindsey M. Burke Heritage; † EdChoice[40] 11 – "Department of Education"[41] ED (2025)[42]
David R. Burton Heritage; † Federalist Society[43] 22 – "Department of the Treasury";[44] 27 – "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Securities and Exchange Commission and Related Agencies";[45] 25 – "Small Business Administration" (contributor)
Adam Candeub[46] Federalist Society; Michigan State University 30 – "Federal Trade Commission"[47] DOC;[48][49] DOJ deputy associate attorney general;[50] FCC general counsel[51]
Dustin J. Carmack Heritage †; Meta[52] 7 – "Intelligence Community"[53] DNI chief of staff[54]
Brendan Carr Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 28 – "Federal Communications Commission"[55][56] FCC (2017–2027)[57][58]
Ben Carson American Cornerstone Institute[59] † 15 – "Department of Housing and Urban Development"[60] HUD secretary;[61] Establishment of the Religious Liberty Commission[62]
Ken Cuccinelli Heritage †, visiting fellow 5 – "Department of Homeland Security"[63] USCIS director;[64] DHS deputy secretary[65]
Paul Dans Heritage †: Project 2025 director (stepped down)[66][67] 3 – "Central Personnel Agencies: Managing the Bureaucracy" ;[68] 6 – "Department of State" (contributor)[69] HUD (2019);[14] OPM chief of staff (2020)
Rick Dearborn Cypress Group 1 – "White House Office"[70] Transition team executive director (2016);[71] deputy chief of staff (2017–2018)[25][72]
Veronique de Rugy Mercatus Center; Cato Institute 23 – "Export-Import Bank / The Export-Import Bank Should be Abolished"[73]
Donald J. Devine The Fund for American Studies 3 – "Central Personnel Agencies: Managing the Bureaucracy"[68]

1 – "White House Office" (contributor)[74]

OPM advisor during the first administration[14]
Edwin J. Feulner Heritage † co-founder Afterword – "Onward!"[75] Transition team (2016)[76]
Diana Furchtgott-Roth Heritage † 19 – "Department of Transportation"[77] Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology[78]
Thomas F. Gilman American Center for Law & Justice † 21 – "Department of Commerce"[79][80][81] DOC chief financial officer and assistant secretary for administration;[82]
Mike Gonzalez Heritage † 8 – "Media Agencies / Corporation for Public Broadcasting";[83] 21 – "Department of Commerce" (contributor)[84] 1776 Commission appointee[10]
Mandy M. Gunasekara Independent Women's Forum † 13 – "Environmental Protection Agency"[85] EPA chief of staff and principal deputy assistant administrator for the Office of air and radiation[86][87]
Gene Hamilton America First Legal † 17 – "Department of Justice"[88] DOJ counselor to the attorney general; DHS senior counselor; USICS assistant chief counsel[89]
Jennifer L. Hazelton CNN and Fox News journalist[10] 23 – "Export-Import Bank / The Case for the Export-Import Bank"[90] Trump-Pence Georgia campaign Communications director (2016);[91] DOS head of Public Affairs (2017);[92] EXIM vice president (2017–2020); USAID deputy assistant administrator (2020–2021)[25][91]
Karen Kerrigan Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council[93] 25 – "Small Business Administration"[94] Supported Trump's nomination of Linda McMahon[95]
Dennis D. Kirk Mindset[96] 3 – "Central Personnel Agencies – Managing the Bureaucracy"[68] OPM associate director;[97] Merit Systems Protection Board chairman[98]
Kent Lassman Competitive Enterprise Institute † 26 – "Trade / The Case for Free Trade"[99]
Bernard L. McNamee McGuireWoods LLP 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100] FERC[101]
Christopher C. Miller Albers Aerosphace, Highpoint Aerotechnologies[102] 4 – "Department of Defense"[103] DoD secretary (2020); NCC director (2020);[104] NSC (2018–2019)[105]
Stephen Moore FreedomWorks † 22 – "Department of the Treasury"[44] Member of President Trump's economic task force[106]
Mora Namdar Namdar Law PLLC[107] 8 – "Media Agencies / United States Agency for Global Media"[108] NEA senior bureau official (2025); USAGM; CA assistant secretary (2020–2021)
Peter Navarro Paul Merage School of Business (gone emeritus) 26 – "Free Trade / The Case for Fair Trade"[109] Assistant to the President; OTMP director; NTC director[110][111]
William Perry Pendley Federalist Society;[112] Mountain States Legal Foundation 16 – "Department of the Interior"[113] BLM de facto director (2019–2020)[114]
Max Primorac Heritage † 9 – "Agency for International Development";[115] 6 – "Department of State" (contributor)[69] USAID chief operating officer[116]
Kevin Roberts Heritage † president[117][118] Foreword – "A Promise to America"[119] Met with Trump; organized events around him.[10]
Roger Severino Ethics and Public Policy Center 14 – "Department of Health and Human Services"[120] Office of Civil Rights director at HHS[121]
Brett D. Schaefer Heritage † 6 – "Department of State"[69] Member on the United Nations committee on contributions[122]
Kiron K. Skinner Pepperdine University School of Public Policy 6 – "Department of State"[123] DOS director of policy planning[124]
Brooks D. Tucker United States Marine Corps (retired lieutnant)[10] 20 – "Department of Veterans Affairs"[125] VA assistant secretary for congressional and legislative affairs [126]
Hans A. von Spakovsky Heritage † 29 – "Federal Election Commission"[127] Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity (2017)
Russell "Russ" Vought Center for Renewing America (CRA) † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[128] OMB director (2018–2020, 2025-);[129] 2024 Republican National Committee Platform[130]
William L. Walton Resolute Protector Foundation 22 – "Department of the Treasury"[44] Transition team top economic advisor (2016)[131][10]
Paul Winfree Economic Policy Innovation Center (EPIC);[132] Heritage † 24 – "Federal Reserve";[133] 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States" (contributor)[134] DPC; OMB; Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board (2019–2022)[135]

Other contributors

[edit]

The editors of Conservative Promise thank their 280 contributors in an "Acknowledgements" section, and lists them as "contributors". Other contributors have earned a special mention in the author's notes at the end of their chapters. Some contributfors (like Atkins) have been thanked for having written portions of the chapters, but are not listed as author. Those who have not contributed to any specific chapter are identified as appearing in the "Contributors" section.

The New York Times has traced back 307 authors and contributors to Project 2025; 182 of them are tied to Trump.[10]

Organizations marked with a dagger (†) are listed in the "Advisory board" section of the Conservative Promise.

Other Conservative Promise Contributors
Name Affiliation Chapter Trump tie
Paige Agostin Center for Renewing America † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Associate Director of Policy for the Office of the Vice President (2020–2024)[136][137]
Mark Albrecht "Contributors"
Christopher J. Anderson Sen. Steve Daines (2022–); Sen. Bill Cassidy (2014–2017) 20 – "Department of Veterans Affairs"[125] VA (2017–2021);[138] testified to the 2019 impeachment inquiry
Jeffrey H. Anderson The American Main Street Initiative † "Contributors" DOJ: director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2017–2021)[139]
Michael Anton Hillsdale College † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] NCS: deputy assistant to the President for strategic communications[140][141]
EJ Antoni III Heritage † 22 – "Department of Treasury" (cited)
Andrew R. Arthur Center for Immigration Studies[142] † "Contributors" (identified as "Art") Defended Trump's anti-immigration policies in reports and hearings.[143]
Paul S. Atkins Patomak Global Partners[144] 27 – "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Securities and Exchange Commission and Related Agencies" (portion)[145] SEC chairman (2025 – );[146] Strategic and Policy Forum (2017)[147]
Julie Axelrod Center for Immigration Studies † "Contributors" EPA (2020–2021)
James Bacon "Contributors" McEntee's aide[3]
James Baehr Pelican Institute;[148] Federalist Society[149] "Contributors" General counsel for the Department of Veteran Affairs[146]
Stewart Baker Steptoe and Johnson LLP "Contributors" Testified for FISA reform.[150]
Erik Baptist Alliance Defending Freedom † "Contributors" EPA (2017)[151]
Brent Bennett Texas Public Policy Foundation †; FedSoc;[152] Life:Powered[153] 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100]
John Berlau CEI † 22 – "Department of Treasury" Endorsed Trump's choice for CFPB director[154]
Russell Berman Hoover Institution 6 – "Department of State"[69] U.S. State Department: Commission on Unalienable Rights[155] in the first Trump administration
Aubrey Bettencourt Netafim[156] 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157] USDA under his first administration;[158] NRCS (2025-)
Sanjai Bhagat University of Colorado Boulder "Contributors" Part of the Economists for Trump[159]
Stephen Billy Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] OMB senior advisor[146]
Brad Bishop American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors" HUD deputy assistant communications secretary[10]
Willis W. Bixby WWBX LLC; Talisman[160] 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100] DOE (2018)[161]
Josh Blackman South Texas College of Law "Contributors" [162]
Jim Blew Defense of Freedom Institute † 11 – "Department of Education"[41] ED: assistant secretary for planning, evaluation and policy development[10]
Robert Bortins Classical Conversations "Contributors"
Rachel Bovard Conservative Partnership Institute † 30 – "Federal Trade Commission"[47] Endorsed Trump in various right-wing outlets.[163][164]
Matt Bowman Alliance Defending Freedom † "Contributors" HHS deputy general counsel[10]
Steven G. Bradbury Heritage † 19 – "Department of Transportation"[165] Acting Secretary of Transportation;[166] acting Deputy Secretary of Transportation;[166] general Counsel of the United States Department of Transportation[166]
Preston Brashers Heritage † 22 – "Department of Treasury" (thanked and cited)
Andrew Bremberg Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation[167] 1 – "White House Office" Office of the United Nations in Geneva: permanent US representative; DPC: assistant to the President[168]
Jonathan Bronitsky ATHOS 1 – "White House Office" Former chief speech writer for William P. Barr, the 2016–2020 Trump administration's attorney general[169]
Kyle Brosnan Heritage † "Contributors" HHS and DHS: senior roles[10]
Patrick T. Brown Ethics and Public Policy Center †[170] "Contributors" Defended Trump with op-eds[171]
Robert Burkett American Center for Law & Justice 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States";[134] 21 – "Department of Commerce"[84] DOC; DOL; Office of the Under Secretary chief of staff
Michael Burley American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors" Special assistant to the president and associate director of presidential personnel[10]
Jonathan Butcher Heritage † 11 – "Department of Education"[41]
Mark H. Buzby Buzby Maritime Associates, LLC "Contributors" United States Maritime Administrator[172]
Margaret Byfield American Stewards of Liberty "Contributors" Involved in the Congressional Western Caucus;[173] lobbied against national parks[174]
David Byrd Korn Ferry "Contributors" Transition team consultant; DOCnational deputy director[10]
Sarah Calvis America Moment[175] † 6 – "Department of State";[69] Project 2025 coordinator (2022 – 2025)
Anthony P. Campau Center for Renewing America †; EPIC[132] 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Presidential transition team[176]
James Jay Carafano Heritage † 6 – "Department of State"[69] Primary aide to the U.S. State Department for the first Trump administration's transition team[177]
Frank Carroll Professional Forest Management "Contributors" Wanted to rename State Route 260 the Donald Trump Highway.[178]
Oren Cass American Compass† 18 – "Department of Labor and Related Agencies"[179] Worked with JD Vance[180]
Brian J. Cavanaugh American Global Strategies "Contributors" National Security Council (2017–2021)[181]
Spencer Chretien Heritage †: Project 2025 associate director 6 – "Department of State"[69] 2019–2020 EOP; HUD

2025- senior bureau official at PRM[182]

Claire Christensen American Cornerstone Institute; Gingrich 360[183] "Contributors" Co-authored Trump vs China with Newt Gingrich
Jeffrey B. Clark New Civil Liberties Alliance; Federalist Society[184] 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] United States Assistant Attorney General for the Environment and Natural Resources Division. Acting Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs at the Office of Management and Budget.
Victoria Coates Heritage † 8 – "Media Agencies / Corporation for Public Broadcasting" Deputy National Security Advisor for Middle East and North African Affairs
Ellie Cohanim Independent Women's Forum † "Contributors" Special Envoy to Combat Antisemitism in the first Trump administration[185]
Ezra Cohen Union League of Philadelphia "Contributors" DOD[186]
Elbridge Colby Marathon Initiative "Contributors" Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy and Force Development in the first Trump administration[187]
Earl Comstock White & Case LLP "Contributors" DOC: Wilbur Ross aide (2017–2020)[188][189]
Wesley Coopersmith Heritage Action for America 6 – "Department of State"[69] Legislative Director for Sen. Kelly Loeffler (R-GA)[190]
Lisa Correnti Center for Family and Human Rights (C-Fam) † "Contributors" Delegate to the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women[10]
Monica Crowley The Nixon Seminar 22 – "Department of Treasury" Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Public Affairs in first the Trump administration[191]
Laura Cunliffe Independent Women's Forum † America First Policy Institute 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] United Nations ambassador chief of staff; OMB; DPC[192]
Mark Cruz United States Energy Association[193] 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157] DOI (2018–2020); HHS senior advisor (2025)[194]
Tom Dans Amberwave Partners 22 – "Department of Treasury" USDT: counselor to the under secretary for international affairs[10]
Sohan Dasgupta Taft Stettinius & Hollister LLP "Contributors" Assistant secretary for trade and economic security at DHS[195]
Corey DeAngelis American Federation for Children "Contributors" Trump endorsed his anti-LGBTQ+ book[196]
Caroline DeBerry Paragon Health Institute vice-president (2021–2023)[197] "Contributors" FEC; worked for Pence's Chief of Staff Nick Ayers, Brett Giroir,[198]
Arielle Del Turco Family Research Council † "Contributors"
Chris De Ruyter National Center for Urban Operations "Contributors"
Irv Dennis American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors" HUD chief financial officer[10]
David Deptula Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies "Contributors"
Sergio de la Peña 4: "Department of Defense"[199] Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Western Hemisphere Affairs in the first Trump Administration[200][201]

2016 presidential campaign[200]

Chuck DeVore Texas Public Policy Foundation † 4: "Department of Defense"[199]
C. Wallace DeWitt Allen & Overy LLP 27 – "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Consumer Financial Protection Bureau"[37] SEC counsel to the commissioner[10]
Matthew D. Dickerson EPIC; Heritage †; Americans for Prosperity[132] "Contributors" House Budget Committee senior policy advisor
James Di Pane Heritage † "Contributors"
Michael Ding America First Legal † "Contributors"
David Ditch Heritage † 19 – "Department of Transportation"[165]
Natalie Dodson Ethics and Public Policy Center † "Contributors" Senior counselor to the HHS secretary
Dave Dorey The Fairness Center "Contributors" DHS: deputy assistant secretary for counterterrorism and threat prevention[10]
Mike Duffey Senior Vice Chancellor of the Ohio Department of Higher Education 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Senior White House official[202]
Max Eden American Enterprise Institute 11 – "Department of Education"[41]
Troy Edgar IBM Consulting "Contributors" DHS chief financial officer[10]
Joseph Edlow Heritage † "Contributors" USCIS deputy director[10]
Jen Ehlinger Booz Allen Hamilton "Contributors" DoS communications strategist[10]
John Ehrett Office of Senator Josh Hawley 30 – "Federal Trade Commission"[47]
Kristen Eichamer Heritage † 21 – "Department of Commerce"[84] NASA deputy press secretary
Robert S. Eitel Defense of Freedom Institute † 11 – "Department of Education"[41] ED: counselor to the secretary[10]
Lanny Erdos 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Will Estrada Parents Rights Foundation "Contributors"
Farnaz Farkish Thompson McGuireWoods "Contributors" ED (2018–2021)[203]
Jon Feere Center for Immigration Studies † "Contributors" ICE senior advisor;[204] collaborated with Miller and Holman to hype immigrant criminality[205]
Baruch Feigenbaum Reason Foundation "Contributors"
Travis Fisher Heritage † 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100]
George Fishman Center for Immigration Studies † "Contributors" DHS deputy general counsel and USCIS] chief counsel (2018–2021) [206][207][208]
Leslie Ford Heritage †; American Enterprise Institute (2023-) "Contributors" DPC[209][210]
Aharon Friedman Federal Policy Group[211] "Contributors" USDT: senior adviser to the assistant secretary for tax policy[212]
Bruce Frohnen Pettit College of Law; Federalist Society "Contributors"
Joel Frushone Ernst & Young "Contributors" EDA (2019–2021)
Finch Fulton K&L Gates "Contributors" DOT (2019–2020)
Caleigh Gabel American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors"
Christopher Gacek Family Research Council † "Contributors"
Alexandra Gaiser River Financial Inc. "Contributors"
Mario Garza "Contributors"
Patty-Jane Geller Heritage † 4 – "Department of Defense"[103] and 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions" (cited)
Aurelia Giacometto 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157] United States Fish and Wildlife Service director[213]
Andrew Gillen Texas Public Policy Foundation † 11 – "Department of Education"[41]
James S. Gilmore III Gilmore Global Group LLC "Contributors" served as United States Mission to the United States Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe during the first Trump administration[214]
Vance Ginn Economic Consulting LLC 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134]
John G. Malcolm Heritage † "Contributors" LSC board of directors, nominated by Trump (2019-)
Alma Golden Institute for Women's Health † 9 – "Agency for International Development"[215]
Chadwick R. Gore Defense Forum Foundation "Contributors" Donald J. Trump for President inc. (2016); House Foreign Affairs Committee (2018–2019)[216]
David Gortler Ethics and Public Policy Center † "Contributors"
Brian Gottstein Heritage † "Contributors"
Dan Greenberg CEI † "Contributors"
Robert "Rob" Greenway Hudson Institute 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Top advisor on the Middle East who stepped down following January 6[217]
Rachel Greszler Heritage †; EPIC 18 – "Department of Labor and Related Agencies"[179] Senior economist on the staff of the Joint Economic Committee of the Congress[132]
DJ Gribbin Madrus Consulting "Contributors" Special assistant to the President for infrastructure (2017–2018)[218]
Garrison Grisedale American Cornerstone Institute; Hillsdale College †[219] "Contributors" HUD: Speechwriter and Deputy White House Liaison[220]
Joseph Grogan USC Schaeffer School for Health Policy and Economics "Contributors" Domestic Policy Council during the first Trump administration[221]
Steven Groves Heritage †, The Conservative Promise co-editor 6 – "Department of State" (contributor)[69] Ambassador Nikki Haley's Chief of Staff at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations

Assistant Special Counsel, representing the White House in the Mueller investigation White House Deputy Press Secretary[222]

Andrew Guernsey Voice for Life[223] "Contributors" HHS senior advisor[224]
Jeffrey Gunter Republican Jewish Coalition "Contributors"
Joe Guy Club for Growth "Contributors"
Joseph Guzman "Contributors"
Amalia Halikias Heritage † "Contributors"
Casey Hammond 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157] BLM acting director
Richard Hanania Center for the Study of Partisanship and Ideology "Contributors"
Simon Hankinson Heritage † 6 – "Department of State"[69] State Department[225]
David Harlow 13 – "Environmental Protection Agency"[85]
Derek Harvey Board of County Commissioners in Washington County, Maryland (2022–2026) "Contributors" National Security Council (2017); HPSCI (2017–2018)
Jason Hayes Mackinac Center for Public Policy "Contributors"
Aaron Hedlund America First Policy Institute 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Chief Economist for Domestic Policy at the Council of Economic advisors.[226]
Lou Heinzer 21 – "Department of Commerce"[84]
Edie Heipel Center for Renewing America † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134]
Troup Hemenway Personnel Policy Operations; America First Policy Institute; Club for Growth[227] "Contributors" PPO
Nathan Hitchen Equal Rights Institute 22 – "Department of the Treasury";[44] (cited)
Pete Hoekstra 11 – "Department of Education"[41] (cited) United States Ambassador to the Netherlands during the first Trump administration
Gabriella Hoffman Independent Women's Forum 13 – "Environmental Protection Agency"[85] (cited)
Tom Homan Heritage † "Contributors" Director of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) during the first Trump administration; Border Czar in the second Trump administration
Christopher C. Horner "Contributors"
Mike Howell Heritage † "Contributors"
Valerie Huber The Institute for Women's Health; † Ascend 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Health and Human Services[228]
Andrew Hughes American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors"
Joseph M. Humire Center for a Secure Free Society 6 – "Department of State"[69] U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense Integration and Defense Support of Civil Authorities[229]
Christopher Iacovella American Securities Association 27 – "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Consumer Financial Protection Bureau";[37] 30 – "Federal Trade Commission"[47]
Melanie Israel Heritage † "Contributors"
Ken Ivory Utah House of Representatives "Contributors"
Roman Jankowski Heritage † "Contributors"
Abby Jones "Contributors"
Diane Auer Jones 11 – "Department of Education"[41]
Art Kleinschmidt Recovery for America Now Foundation † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] SAMHSA; HHS[230]
Paul J. Larkin Heritage †; Civitas Institute[231] 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Defends various Trump actions: the spending pause,[232] the Congressional Review Act,[233] etc.
Emilie Kao Alliance Defending Freedom† "Contributors"
Jared M. Kelson Boyden Gray & Associates "Contributors"
Aaron Kheriaty Ethics and Public Policy Center † "Contributors"
Ali Kilmartin Alliance Defending Freedom† "Contributors"
Julie Kirchner Federation for American Immigration Reform "Contributors"
Dan Kish Institute for Energy Research † 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Kenneth A. Klukowski Federalist Society[234] 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Constitutional rights advisor on the transition team; Justice Department staffer[235]
Brian Knight 27 (portion): "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Securities and Exchange Commission and Related Agencies"[145]
Adam Korzeniewski American Principles Project † 22
Bethany Kozma Keystone Policy † 9 – "Agency for International Development"[215]
Matthew Kozma "Contributors" Under secretary for intelligence and analysis, DHS (2025)[236]
Julius Krein American Affairs "Contributors"
Stanley Kurtz Ethics and Public Policy Center † "Contributors"
David LaCerte Baker Botts, LLP "Contributors"
Paul R. Lawrence Lawrence Consulting 20 – "Department of Veterans Affairs"[125]
James R. Lawrence III Envisage Law "Contributors"
Nathan Leamer Targeted Victory "Contributors"
David Legates University of Delaware (Ret.) 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States";[134] 21 – "Department of Commerce"[84] Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for observation and prediction at the NOAA[237]
Marlo Lewis CEI † "Contributors"
Ben Lieberman CEI † 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100]
John Ligon "Contributors"
Evelyn Lim American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors"
Mario Loyola CEI † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134]
Jim Magagna 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Scott Mason IV 13 – "Environmental Protection Agency"[85]
Joseph Masterman Cooper & Kirk PLLC "Contributors"
Earl Matthews The Vandenberg Coalition "Contributors" held multiple positions in the first Trump administration
Dan Mauler Heritage Action for America "Contributors"
Brian Vaughan McCormack Edison Electric Institute[238] 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States";[134] 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100] Among several aides who declined to participate in the 2019 impeachment hearings against Trump; National Security Concil[239]
Drew McCall American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors"
Trent McCotter Boyden Gray & Associates "Contributors"
Micah Meadowcroft The American Conservative† "Contributors"
Edwin Meese III Heritage †[240] 1 – "White House Office"[74] Presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Donald Trump[241]
Jessica Melugin CEI † 30 – "Federal Trade Commission"[47]
Frank Mermoud Orpheus International "Contributors"
Mark Miller Office of Kirsti Noem "Contributors" Office of Governor Kristi Noem
Cleta Mitchell Conservative Partnership Institute † "Contributors"
Kevin E. Moley "Contributors"
Caitlin Moon American Center for Law & Justice † "Contributors"
David Moore Brigham Young University Law School "Contributors"
Clare Morell Ethics and Public Policy Center † "Contributors"
Mark A. Morgan Heritage † "Contributors" served multiple roles in the first Trump administration[242][243]
Hunter Morgen American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors"
Rachel Morrison Ethics and Public Policy Center † 18 – "Department of Labor and Related Agencies"[179]
Jonathan Moy Heritage † "Contributors" (junior staffer)
Casey Mulligan 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Chief Economist of the Council of Economic advisors[244][245] during the first Trump administration
Iain Murray CEI † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States";[134] 21 – "Department of Commerce";[84] 26 – "Trade / The Case for Free Trade"
Ryan Nabil National Taxpayers Union;[246] CEI † "Contributors"
Michael Nasi Jackson Walker LLP[247] "Contributors"
Lucien Niemeyer The Niemeyer Group LLC "Contributors"
Nazak Nikakhtar Wiley Rein LLP 21 – "Department of Commerce"[84]
Milan "Mitch" Nikolich "Contributors"
Kathy Nuebel Kovarik Sagitta Solutions LLC "Contributors"
Matt O'Brien Immigration Reform Law Institute "Contributors"
Caleb Orr Boyden Gray & Associates 18 – "Department of Labor and Related Agencies";[179] 25 – "Small Business Administration"
Ivan Osorio CEI †[248] 26 – "Trade / The Case for Free Trade"[249]
Nina Owcharenko Schaefer Heritage † 14 – "Department of Health and Human Services"[120] (cited)
Scott Pace 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Executive Secretary of the National Space Council[250][251] during the first Trump administration
Michael Pack Claremont Institute † CEO (2015–2017) 8 – "Media Agencies / Corporation for Public Broadcasting" USAGM CEO[252]
Chad Padgett Bureau of Land Management in Alaska[253] 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Leah Pedersen Convergence[254] "Contributors" USAID
Michael Pillsbury Heritage † 6 – "Department of State"[69] Architect of Trump's policy towards China
Patrick Pizzella Leadership Institute "Contributors" Deputy and acting Secretary of Labor in the first Trump administration[255][256]
Chelsea Pizzola 27 – "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Consumer Financial Protection Bureau"[37]
Jim Pond 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Robert W. Poole Jr. Reason Foundation founder 19 – "Department of Transportation"[165]
Kevin Preskenis Allymar Health Solutions "Contributors" Chief of Staff, Office of the chief financial officer and assistant secretary for administration, DOC
Pam Pryor National Committee for Religious Freedom "Contributors"
Thomas Pyle Institute for Energy Research † 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100]
Rob Roy Ramey II 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
John Ratcliffe American Global Strategies 7 – "Intelligence Community"[53] (mentioned and cited) Director of National Intelligence[257] selected for CIA Director in the second Trump administration
Paul J. Ray Heritage † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs[258] in the first Trump administration
Joseph Reddan Flexilis Forestry LLC "Contributors"
Jay W. Richards Heritage † "Contributors"
Jordan Richardson Heise Suarez Melville P.A. "Contributors"
Jason Richwine Center for Immigration Studies † 3 – "Central Personnel Agencies – Managing the Bureaucracy" (cited) Mentioned by Stephen Miller in the Breitbart emails[259]
Shaun Rieley The American Conservative† "Contributors"
Lora Ries Heritage † "Contributors"
Leo Rios "Contributors"
Mark Robeck Energy Evolution Consulting LLC 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100]
James Rockas American Center for Law & Justice 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States";[134] 21 – "Department of Commerce"[84] Election team[260]
Mark Royce NOVA-Annandale College "Contributors"
Reed Rubinstein America First Legal 6 – "Department of State"[69] Legal advisor of the Department of State (May, 2025-)
William P. Ruger American Institute for Economic Research "Contributors" Trump's Ambassador to Afghanistan[261]
Austin Ruse Center for Family and Human Rights (C-Fam) † "Contributors"
Brent D. Sadler Heritage † 4 – "Department of Defense"[103] (cited)
Alexander William Salter Texas Tech University 24 – "Federal Reserve"[262]
Jon Sanders John Locke Foundation "Contributors"
Carla Sands America First Policy Institute "Contributors" [263][264][265] — served as United States Ambassador to Denmark during the first Trump administration
David Sauve "Contributors"
Kyle E. Scherer 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Matt Schuck American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors"
Justin Schwab CGCN Law 13 – "Environmental Protection Agency"[85]
Jon Schweppe American Principles Project † 30 – "Federal Trade Commission"[47]
Marc Scribner Reason Foundation "Contributors"
Darin Selnick Selnick Consulting 20 – "Department of Veterans Affairs"[125]
Josh Sewell Taxpayers for Common Sense 10 – "Department of Agriculture"[28] (cited)
Kathleen Sgamma Western Energy Alliance 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Matt Sharp Alliance Defending Freedom† "Contributors"
Judy Shelton Independent Institute 24 – "Federal Reserve"[262] Economic advisor to Trump under his first term[266][267]
Molly Sikes Center for Renewing America † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134]
Nathan Simington "Contributors" served as Commissioner of the FCC in the first Trump administration, and continues to serve in that role in the Biden administration[268]
Jeff Smith 6 – "Department of State"[69]
Loren Smith Skyline Policy Risk Group "Contributors"
Daniel Simmons Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100] DOE: assistant secretary for energy efficiency and renewable energy
Zack Smith Heritage † "Contributors"
Thomas W. Spoehr Heritage † 4 – "Department of Defense"[103] (cited)
Jack Spencer Heritage † 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100]
Adrienne Spero U.S. House Committee on Homeland Security "Contributors"
Christopher Stanley Functional Government Initiative "Contributors"
Paula M. Stannard "Contributors" HHS senior counselor (2016–2020); director of the Office for Civil Rights (2025)[269]
Parker Stathatos Texas Public Policy Foundation † "Contributors"
William R. Steiger Independent consultant 9 – "Agency for International Development"[215] USAID chief of staff[270]
Kenny Stein Institute for Energy Research † "Contributors"
Robby Stephany Saunders Coalition for a Prosperous America † "Contributors"
Corey Stewart Stewart PLLC "Contributors"
Peter St Onge Heritage † 24 – "Federal Reserve"[262]
Mari Stull "Contributors"
Katharine T. Sullivan 1792 Exchange † "Contributors"
Brett Swearingen Miller Johnson "Contributors"
Michael Sweeney "Contributors"
Tara Sweeney 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Robert Swope "Contributors"
Aaron Szabo CGCN Group 13 – "Environmental Protection Agency"[85]
Katy Talento AllBetter Health "Contributors"
Hillary Tanoff 6 – "Department of State"[69]
John Tashuda 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Tony Tata Tata Leadership Group LLC "Contributors" Senior Official Performing the Duties of Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy in the first Trump administration[271]
Todd Thurman American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors"
Brett Tolman Tolman Group "Contributors"
Kayla M. Tonnessen Recovery for America Now Foundation † 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States"[134] Chief of staff of the Office of National Drug Control Policy[272]
Joe Trotter American Legislative Exchange Council † "Contributors"
Tevi Troy Mercatus Center "Contributors"
Katie Tubb 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions";[100] 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Clayton Tufts Jefferson Parish Government "Contributors" DOC special adviser (2019-2021)[10]
Erin Valdez Texas Public Policy Foundation † 11 – "Department of Education"[41]
Mark Vandroff Navy (ret.) "Contributors" NCS senior director for defense policy[10]
Jessica M. Vaughan Center for Immigration Studies †[273] "Contributors" Spoke regularly with the administration.[274] Testified to the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security (2018)[275]
John "JV" Venable Heritage † "Contributors"
Morgan Lorraine Viña Jewish Institute for National Security of America "Contributors"
Andrew N. Vollmer Mercatus Center 27 – "Financial Regulatory Agencies / Securities and Exchange Commission and Related Agencies";[37] (thanked and cited)
Greg Walcher Natural Resources Group LLC "Contributors"
David Wallace 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
David M. Walsh Takota Group 12 – "Department of Energy and Related Commissions"[100]
Elizabeth Erin Walsh Heritage † 6 – "Department of State"[69] Assistant Secretary of Commerce (Global Markets);[276] Director General of the United States Commercial Service;[276] Member of the Trump's presidential transition team[276][277]
Jacklyn Ward American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors" HUD press secretary (2025 – 02)[278]
Emma Waters Heritage † "Contributors"
Rachael Wilfong Heritage † 10 – "Department of Agriculture" (got it ready for submission)
Michael L. Williams American Cornerstone Institute "Contributors" HUD principal deputy general counsel[10]
Aaron Wolff "Contributors"
Jonathan Wolfson Cicero Institute 2 – "Executive Office of the President of the United States";[134] 18 – "Department of Labor and Related Agencies"[179] U.S. Department of Labor in the Trump Administration[279]
Alexei Woltornist ATHOS "Contributors" DHS assistant secretary for public affairs[10]
Clint Woods 13 – "Environmental Protection Agency"[85]
Frank Wuco Conservative talk radio show in Florida[280] 8 – "Media Agencies / Corporation for Public Broadcasting" DHS advisor; Department of State; USAGM[281][282][283]
Cesar Ybarra FreedomWorks † "Contributors"
Ryan Young 26 – "Trade / The Case for Free Trade"
John Zadrozny America First Legal † 6 – "Department of State"[69] USCIS official[284]
Gregory Zerzan 16 – "Department of the Interior"[157]
Laura Zorc FreedomWorks † "Contributors"

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
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Works cited

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