Libat
| Libat | |
|---|---|
| Member of the Seven Planets | |
| Other names | Amamit, Ishtar |
| Abode | World of Darkness |
| Planet | Venus |
| Parents | Ruha and Ur |
| Equivalents | |
| Akkadian | Inanna (Delebat) |
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In Mandaeism, Libat (Classical Mandaic: ࡋࡉࡁࡀࡕ) is the Mandaic name for the planet Venus.[1] Libat is one of the seven planets (Classical Mandaic: ࡔࡅࡁࡀ, romanized: šuba, lit. 'The Seven'), who are part of the entourage of Ruha in the World of Darkness.[2][3]
In Mandaean astrology, Libat is associated with success in love and reproduction. Libat's name is derived from the Akkadian Delebat, with the first syllable of the Akkadian original possibly originally omitted due to being analyzed as the Mandaic relative pronoun ḏ (ࡖ).[4] Other Mandaean names for Libat include Argiuat, Daitia, Kukbat (the diminutive of 'star'), Spindar, as well as Ruha or Ruha ḏ-Qudša (Holy Spirit) and her epithets – Amamit (as an inhabitant of the underworld), and ʿstira (or Estira, i.e., Ishtar or Astarte).[4]
In the Right Ginza, Libat is described with the term daiuia, a loanword derived from Middle Persian dēw "demon".[5] The planet is identified in this context with Amamit, a demonic figure derived from the Mesopotamian goddess Mamitu.[6] An exception from the negative Mandaean perception of Venus are late antique magical formulas, in which Libat is sometimes invoked in a positive context, to secure success in love or procreation.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Müller-Kessler, Christa (2018). "Šamaš, Sîn (Sahra, Sira), Delibat (Ištar, al-‘Uzzā), und Kēwān (Kajjamānu) in den frühen mandäischen magischen Texten und bei ihren Nachbarn. Eine Bestandsaufnahme." ISIMU 20/21: 259–295.
- ^ Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London.
- ^ Gelbert, Carlos (2011). Ginza Rba. Sydney: Living Water Books. ISBN 9780958034630.
- ^ a b Bhayro 2020, p. 573.
- ^ Bhayro 2020, p. 577.
- ^ Müller-Kessler & Kessler 1999, p. 83.
- ^ Bhayro 2020, p. 578.
Bibliography
[edit]- Bhayro, Siam (2020). "Cosmology in Mandaean Texts". In Bowen, Alan C.; Rochberg, Francesca (eds.). Hellenistic Astronomy: The Science in Its Contexts. Brill's Companions to Classical Studies. Brill. pp. 572–579. doi:10.1163/9789004400566_046. ISBN 978-90-04-24336-1.
- Müller-Kessler, Christa; Kessler, Karlheinz (1999). "Spätbabylonische Gottheiten in spätantiken mandäischen Texten". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. 89 (1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. doi:10.1515/zava.1999.89.1.65. ISSN 0084-5299. S2CID 161458630.
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