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Karani script

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Karani script
Karaṇī akṣara
କରଣି ଅକ୍ଷର
Karani script sample from
Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha
Script type
Period
c. 1700 - 1900s CE[1]
LanguagesOdia language
Related scripts
Parent systems
Odia script (cursive style)
  • Karani script
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
This article contains Odia text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Odia script.

Karani or Chhata was a handwritten cursive writing system historically used to write the Odia language[2][3][4] primarily for court, land, temple and accounting records, and other administrative purposes.[5] Karani was quite different from[6] the printed form, the Odia script, which replaced it.[5] Karani gradually became unintelligible to the readers of the latter.[7] The writers historically belonged to the Karan caste group who were designated to use Karani.[5] The script was used in the Odia-speaking regions during British Raj including the Orissa Tributary States. Both the names "karani" and "karana" are derived from "karani", a metal stylus used for writing on palm leaf.[8][9] Karani script was considered popular in Odisha predating the reign of Prataparudra Deva of Gajapati Empire, it got its modern form in 16th century.[10] Historical records from mid-eighteenth century were also written in this script primarily of the Khurda Bhoi Kingdom.[11] Karani was written both on palm leaves and paper. Bhoimuls (Accountants) of Khurda Kingdom primarily used Karani script for writing and preparing documents for administrative purposes.[12][13]

History

[edit]

Karani is often explained as "karaninabaja" or "chhata", a "running" script introduced by the Karanas, most of the old Odia palm leaf manuscripts were written in Karani, the script is less standard by modern terms or it could be described as a form of Odia script before it was standardised. The script did not use spaces between words with less punctuation marks which made it hard to decipher.[14][15]

Influence on modern Odia script

[edit]
Karani diacritic remnant in Odia script
Vowel Letter Diacritic forms
For the vowel ଇ (short i), the standard Odia diacritic form is ି. Eg- For consonant କ (ka) - କି (ki)
But for these consonants - ଖ (kha), ଥ (tha), ଧ (dha), the equivalent ଇ diacritic from Karani script is also used. 		ଖି (khi)
ଥି (thi)
ଧି (dhi)
[edit]
  • Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
    Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
  • Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
    Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
  • Karani script letters
    Karani script letters
  • Karani script letters
    Karani script letters
  • Karani writing
    Karani writing

References

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  1. ^ "CHAPTER - IV: DEVELOPMENT OF ORIYA SCRIPT, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE" (PDF). Shodhganga. 27 September 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  2. ^ Tripāṭhī, Kunjabihari (1962). The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script. Utkal University. p. 33. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  3. ^ Chitararijan Behera (2012). "ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ସଂପାଦନା-୧" (PDF). Shodhganga. Utkal University. p. 56. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  4. ^ Diringer, David (1948). Alphabet a key to the history of mankind. p. 366.
  5. ^ a b c Pattanayak, D. P. (1991). "Linguistic and Religious Identity in India". India International Centre Quarterly. 18 (4): 101–106. ISSN 0376-9771. JSTOR 23002249.
  6. ^ Young, A.H. (1912). First Lessons in Oriya (in French). Orissa Mission Press. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
  7. ^ Jnanamandal. Cuttack: Jnanamandal Publications. 1 December 1960. pp. 17, 18.
  8. ^ Rath, Saraju (2012). "The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources". International Institute for Asian Studies.
  9. ^ "Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha by Gopal Chandra Praharaj (Preface + All 7 Volumes)". archive.org. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  10. ^ Rout, Savitri (1972-01-01). Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. ISBN 978-81-208-2546-8.
  11. ^ Tanabe, Akio (December 2005). "The system of entitlements in eighteenth-century khurda, Orissa: Reconsidering 'caste' and 'community' in late pre-colonial India". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 28 (3): 345–385. doi:10.1080/00856400500337768.
  12. ^ Tanabe, Akio (2021). "Local society and kingship". Caste and Equality in India: 44.
  13. ^ Karashima, Noboru (1999). Kingship in Indian History. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-81-7304-326-0.
  14. ^ Shankar, B., Mishra, P., Sagnika, S., Pattanaik, A. "Engaging with an Indian Epic: A Digital Approach" (PDF). International Journal of Computer Applications. 975: 8887.
  15. ^ Odisha (India); Orissa (India) (1966). Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri. Superintendent, Orissa Government Press.
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