Fairmed maistly as the result o volcanic eruptions, Java is the 13t lairgest island in the warld an the fift lairgest island in Indonesie. A chain o volcanic muntains fairms an east-wast spine alang the island. It haes three main leids, tho Javanese is dominant, an it is the native leid o aboot 60 million fowk in Indonesie, maist o whom live on Java. Maist o its residents are bilingual, wi Indonesie as thair first or seicont leids. While the majority o the fowk o Java are Muslim, Java haes a diverse mixtur o releegious beliefs, ethnicities, an culturs.
Java is almaist entirely o volcanic origin; it contains thirty-aicht muntains fairmin an east-wast spine which hae at ane time or anither been active volcanoes. The heichest volcano in Java is Munt Semeru (3,676 m). The maist active volcano in Java an an aa in Indonesie is Munt Merapi (2,968 m). See Volcanoes o Java.
Mair muntains an heichlands help tae split the interior intae a series o relatively isolatit regions suitable for wet-rice cultivation; the rice lands o Java are amang the richest in the warld.[1] Java wis the first place whaur Indonesie coffee wis grown, stairtin in 1699. The day, Coffea arabica is grown on the Ijen Plateau bi smaa-haulders an lairger plantations.
The aurie o Java is approximately 139,000km2.[2] It is aboot 650 mile (1,050km) lang an up tae 130 mile (210km) wide. The island's langest river is the 600km lang Solo River.[3] The river rises frae its soorce in central Java at the Lawu volcano, then flows north an eastward tae its mooth in the Java Sea near the ceety o Surabaya.
Temperaturs throughout the year average 22°C tae 29°C an humidity average 75%. The northren coastal plains are normally hetter averagin 34°C durin the day in the dry saison. The sooth coast is generally cuiler than the north, an heichland auries inland are cuiler again. The wet saison begins in October endin in Aprile durin which rain faws maistly in the efternoons an intermittently durin ither pairts o the year. The wettest months are Januar an Februar.
Wast Java is wetter than East Java an muntainous regions receive much heicher rainfaw. The Parahyangan heichlands o Wast Java receive ower 4,000mm annually, while the north coast o East Java receives 900mm annually.
The naitural environment o Java is tropical rainforest, wi ecoseestems rangin frae coastal mangrove forests on the north coast, rocky coastal cliffs on the soothren coast, an laich-lyin tropical forests tae heich altitude rainforests on the slopes o muntainous volcanic regions in the interior. The Javan environment an climate gradually alters frae wast tae east; frae wet an humid dense rainforest in wastren pairts, tae a dry savanna environment in the east, correspondin tae the climate an rainfaw in thir regions.
Houiver, Java is an aa home tae lairge nummers o humans. Wi an estimatit population o 114,733,500 in 1995, Java contains well ower hauf o Indonesie's population.[6] Syne auncient times, fowk hae opened the rainforest, altered the ecoseestem, shaped the landscapes an creatit rice paddy an terraces tae support the growin population. Javan rice terraces hae existit for mair nor a millennium, an haed supportit auncient agricultural kinricks. The growin human population haes put severe pressur on Java's wildlife, as rainforests wur diminished an confined tae heichland slopes or isolatit peninsulas. Some o Java's endemic species are nou critically endangered, wi some already extinct; Java uised tae hae its awn endemic tiger subspecies that went extinct in the mid-1970s. The day, several naitional pairks exist in Java that pertect the remnants o its fragile wildlife, sic as Ujung Kulon, Munt Halimun-Salak, Gede Pangrango, Baluran, Meru Betiri an Alas Purwo.
↑Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300 (2nd edition). London: MacMillan. p.15. ISBN0-333-57690-X.Cite has empty unkent parameter: |coauthors= (help)
↑Monk,, K.A. (1996). The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p.7. ISBN962-593-076-0.Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
