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HH70

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HH70
Honghuang 70
Device typeTokamak
LocationChina
AffiliationEnergy Singularity
Technical specifications
Major radius0.75 m[1]
Minor radius0.31 m[1]
Magnetic field0.6 T[1]
History
Year(s) of operation2024–present
HH70
Chinese洪荒70
Hanyu Pinyinhónghuāng 70
Literal meaningPrimeval Chaos 70
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinhónghuāng 70

HH70 is a tokamak developed by the Chinese fusion energy company Energy Singularity in operation since June 2024. The reactor is notable for being the first tokamak to employ high-temperature superconductors exclusively for its magnet system.

History

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Energy Singularity was established in June 2021. The design work on the HH70 reactor began in March 2022. HH70 was conceived to be smaller and more cost-effective than conventional tokamaks by using high-temperature superconductors.[2] The installation was completed in February 2024 and first plasma was achieved in June 2024.[3] Energy Singularity already begun planning for a successor, the H170, which aims to achieve a fusion energy gain factor (Q) greater than 10 by 2027.[4]

Technology

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Unlike earlier tokamaks such as the Joint European Torus or the planned ITER, HH70's magnet system is built entirely with high-temperature superconductors. The choice of ReBCO as material for its superconductors significantly reduces the reactor's required volume.[2] A similar approach is being pursued by Commonwealth Fusion Systems with SPARC. The successful achievement of first plasma of HH70 in 2024 has been interpreted as evidence of a first-mover advantage for China in a critical field of fusion energy.[5] In late 2024, a toroidal magnetic field exceeding 1 Tesla was achieved.[6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Li, Z. Y.; Pan, Z. C.; Zhang, Q. J.; Zhu, K. P.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Z. W.; Dong, G.; Ye, Y. M.; Yang, Z. (2024-12-01). "Development and construction of magnet system for world's first full high temperature superconducting tokamak". Superconductivity. 12: 100137. doi:10.1016/j.supcon.2024.100137. ISSN 2772-8307.
  2. ^ a b Malayil, Jijo. "Energy Singularity seeks $500M for record-breaking fusion reactor". Interesting Engineering. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  3. ^ "China's commercial 'artificial sun' achieves first discharge-Ecns.cn". ECNS. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  4. ^ Guardian, Sri Lanka (2025-01-29). "China Surpasses U.S. in Nuclear Fusion Race, Breaks Record Again". slguardian.org. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  5. ^ "China Has Just Gained First-Mover Advantage In Nuclear Fusion". Energy Central. 2024-07-21. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  6. ^ Energysingularity, 由 (2024-12-31). "The Toroidal Magnetic Field (B0) of HH70 Exceeded 1 Tesla – Energy Singularity" (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2025-02-15.
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