Help:IPA/Malayalam

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Malayalam on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Malayalam in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malayalam pronunciations. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA	Malayalam	ISO 15919	English approximation
k	ക	k	sky
kʰ	ഖ	kh	key
ɡ	ഗ	g	ago
ɡʱ	ഘ	gh	loghouse
ŋ	ങ	ṅ	sink
t͡ʃ	ച	c	church
t͡ʃʰ	ഛ	ch	church
d͡ʒ	ജ	j	object
d͡ʒʱ	ഝ	jh	hedgehog
ɲ	ഞ	ñ	canyon
ʈ	ട	ṭ	butter (retroflex)
ʈʰ	ഠ	ṭh	pothole (retroflex)
ɖ	ഡ	ḍ	puddle (retroflex)
ɖʱ	ഢ	ḍh	redhead but retroflex
ɳ	ണ	ṇ	pun but retroflex
t̪	ത	t	thank
t̪ʰ	ഥ	th	withhold
d̪	ദ	d	that
d̪ʱ	ധ	dh	withhold but voiced
n̪	ന	n	month
n	ഩ/ന^[a]	ṉ	spin
p	പ	p	spin
pʰ^[b]	ഫ	ph	pin
f^[b]	ഫ	f	fin
b	ബ	b	about
bʱ	ഭ	bh	clubhouse
m	മ	m	mall
j	യ	y	yes
ɾ	ര	r	American English atom
l	ല	l	list
ʋ	വ	v	curve
ʃ	ശ	ś	shoe
ʂ	ഷ	ṣ	shoe (retroflex)
s	സ	s	so
h	ഹ	h	head
ɭ	ള	ḷ	pull (retroflex)
ɻ	ഴ	ḻ	range
r	റ	ṟ	Scottish English run
t	റ്റ	ṯ	stalk
d^[c]	*ൻ്റ	ḏ	idea

Vowels
IPA	Malayalam	ISO 15919	English approximation
ɐ	അ	a	fun (short)
ə^[d]	അ	a	about
aː	ാ, ആ	ā	father (long)
i	ി, ഇ	i	sit (short)
iː	ീ, ഈ	ī	seat (long)
u	ു, ഉ	u	full (short)
uː	ൂ, ഊ	ū	fool (long)
r̩	ൃ, ഋ	r̥	caterer
e	െ, എ	e	bet (short)
eː	േ, ഏ	ē	there (long)
o	ൊ, ഒ	o	got (short)
oː	ോ, ഓ	ō	story (long)
ai	ൈ, ഐ	ai	mile
au	ൗ, ൌ^[e], ഔ	au	foul
ə̆	്, ു്^[f]	ŭ	potato

Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ	stress (placed before stressed syllable)

Notes

^ modern orthography uses ന for both /n̪/ and /n/, and ഩ is no longer used.
^ ^a ^b ഫ is used to represent both /f/ and /pʰ/.
^ only occurs after /n/
^ [ə] may occur as an allophone of /a/ in some word-medial and final positions.
^ archaic, modern orthography uses ൗ instead
^ only occurs word finally in standard Malayalam and has no distinct letter, ു് representation is rare

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Comparisons	IPA conventions for English English dialects Wikipedia pronunciation respelling Other English pronunciation respellings
Introductory guides	Symbols For English speakers Manual of Style: Pronunciation

Notes

See also