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English: Overview of the current status of the 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism by Orthodox Church jurisdiction. This is an evolving situation that is difficult to map precisely, and subject to future corrections and updates. The main conflict is that between the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) (supported by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and others), and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) (supported by the Moscow Patriarchate (MP), more or less synonymous with the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), and others). Smaller disputes concern pre-existing conflicts (since the 1990s) about the status of various churches in Moldova and the Baltic states.
 
Concelebrated with or commemorated primate of Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) in diptych during Divine Liturgy
 
No definitive statements yet regarding the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU)
Deutsch: Überblick über den aktuellen Stand des Schismas zwischen Moskau und Konstantinopel 2018 nach orthodoxer Kirchengerichtsbarkeit. Es handelt sich um eine sich entwickelnde Situation, die sich nur schwer genau darstellen lässt und künftigen Korrekturen und Aktualisierungen unterliegt. Der Hauptkonflikt besteht zwischen der Orthodoxen Kirche der Ukraine (OKU) (unterstützt vom Ökumenischen Patriarchat von Konstantinopel und anderen) und der Ukrainischen Orthodoxen Kirche (Moskauer Patriarchat) (unterstützt vom Moskauer Patriarchat (MP), das mehr oder weniger mit der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche (ROK) gleichzusetzen ist, und anderen). Kleinere Streitigkeiten betreffen bereits bestehende Konflikte (seit den 1990er Jahren) über den Status verschiedener Kirchen in Moldawien und den baltischen Staaten.
 
Erkennt die Autokephalie der OKU an
 
Konzelebriert mit dem Primas der OKU oder gedenkt seiner in einem Diptychon der Göttlichen Liturgie
 
Noch keine endgültigen Aussagen zur OKU
 
Erkennt die Autokephalie der OKU nicht an
 
Territoriale Streitigkeiten zwischen dem Moskauer Patriarchat (MP) und dem Ökumenischen Patriarchat von Konstantinopel oder der Rumänischen Orthodoxen Kirche.
Ελληνικά: Η τρέχουσα κατάσταση του σχίσματος του 2018 στη δικαιοδοσία των ορθόδοξων εκκλησιών. Πρόκειται για μια ρευστή κατάσταση που είναι δύσκολο να χαρτογραφηθεί με ακρίβεια και υπόκειται σε μελλοντικές διορθώσεις και ενημερώσεις. Η κύρια σύγκρουση είναι μεταξύ της Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας της Ουκρανίας (OCU) (που υποστηρίζεται από το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο Κωνσταντινουπόλεως και άλλους) και της Ουκρανικής Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας (Πατριαρχείο Μόσχας) (που υποστηρίζεται από το Πατριαρχείο Μόσχας (MP), λίγο πολύ συνώνυμο της Ρωσικής Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας (ROC) και άλλους). Μικρότερες διαφορές αφορούν προϋπάρχουσες συγκρούσεις (από τη δεκαετία του 1990) σχετικά με το καθεστώς διαφόρων εκκλησιών στη Μολδαβία και τις χώρες της Βαλτικής.
 
Αναγνωρίζει την αυτοκεφαλία της OCU
 
Συνεορτάστηκε με τον Προκαθήμενο της OCU ή τον μνημόνευσε σε δίπτυχο Θείας Λειτουργίας
 
Δεν υπάρχουν ακόμη τελικές δηλώσεις για την OCU
 
Δεν αναγνωρίζει την αυτοκεφαλία της OCU
 
Εδαφικές διαφορές μεταξύ του Πατριαρχείου Μόσχας (MP) και του Οικουμενικού Πατριαρχείου Κωνσταντινουπόλεως ή της Ρουμανικής Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας.
Français : Statut actuel du schisme de 2018 par juridiction de l'Église orthodoxe sur la reconnaissance de l'autocéphalie de l'Église orthodoxe d'Ukraine (ÉOU). Il s'agit d'une situation évolutive qu'il est difficile de cartographier avec précision et qui est sujette à des corrections et à des mises à jour futures. Le principal conflit oppose l'Église orthodoxe d'Ukraine (ÉOU) (soutenue par le Patriarcat œcuménique de Constantinople et d'autres) et l'Église orthodoxe ukrainienne (Patriarcat de Moscou) (soutenue par le Patriarcat de Moscou (PM), plus ou moins synonyme de l'Église orthodoxe russe (ÉOR), et d'autres). Des différends moins importants concernent des conflits préexistants (depuis les années 1990) sur le statut de diverses églises en Moldavie et dans les États baltes.
 
Reconnaît l'autocéphalie de l'ÉOU
 
A concélébré avec ou commémoré le primat de l'ÉOU dans le diptyque de la Divine Liturgie
 
Pas encore de déclarations définitives sur l'ÉOU
 
Ne reconnaît PAS l'autocéphalie de l'ÉOU
 
Différends territoriaux entre le Patriarcat de Moscou (PM) et le Patriarcat œcuménique de Constantinople ou l'Église orthodoxe roumaine.
Українська: Поточний стан розколу 2018 року за юрисдикцією православних церков. Це мінлива ситуація, яку важко точно відобразити на карті, і вона підлягає майбутнім виправленням та оновленням. Основним конфліктом є конфлікт між Православною церквою України (ПЦУ) (підтримуваною Вселенським Константинопольським патріархатом та іншими) та Українською православною церквою (Московського патріархату) (підтримуваною Московським патріархатом (МП), більш-менш синонімом Російської православної церкви (РПЦ) та іншими). Менші суперечки стосуються вже існуючих конфліктів (з 1990-х років) щодо статусу різних церков у Молдові та країнах Балтії.
 
Визнає автокефалію ПЦУ
 
Співслужили з Предстоятелем ПЦУ або поминали його у диптиху Божественних Літургій
 
Остаточних заяв щодо ПЦУ поки що немає
 
НЕ визнає автокефалію ПЦУ
 
Територіальні суперечки між Московським Патріархатом (МП) та Вселенським Константинопольським Патріархатом або Румунською Православною Церквою.
Русский: Текущее состояние раскола 2018 года по юрисдикции православных церквей. Это изменчивая ситуация, которую трудно точно отобразить на карте, и она подлежит будущим исправлениям и обновлениям. Основным конфликтом является конфликт между Православной церковью Украины (ПЦУ) (поддерживаемой Вселенским Константинопольским патриархатом и другими) и Украинской православной церковью (Московского патриархата) (поддерживаемой Московским патриархатом (МП), более или менее синонимом Русской православной церкви (РПЦ) и другими). Меньшие споры касаются уже существующих конфликтов (с 1990-х годов) относительно статуса разных церквей в Молдове и странах Балтии.
 
Признает автокефалию ПЦУ
 
Сослужили с Предстоятелем ПЦУ или поминали его в диптихе Божественных Литургий
 
Окончательных заявлений по ПЦУ пока нет
 
НЕ признает автокефалию ПЦУ
 
Территориальные споры между Московским Патриархатом (МП) и Вселенским Константинопольским Патриархатом или Румынской Православной Церковью
Date
Source

Own work, using an earlier version of File:Blank map of Europe (without disputed regions).svg. (Note that the southeastern part of Turkey is within the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Antioch rather than that of Constantinople). Sources used in creating this map:

(21 August 2024). "Estnisch-orthodoxe Kirche erklärt sich für unabhängig von Moskau". katholisch.de.
(10 April 2025). "Estland verabschiedet Gesetz gegen russische Kirche: Kirchliche Kontakte nach Moskau verboten". Domradio.de.
Tim Zadorozhnyy (10 April 2025). Estonia passes law targeting Moscow-linked church ties. The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
  • Latvia: the Latvian Orthodox Church (LOC) was under the Moscow Patriarchate, but on 8 September 2022, the Latvian Parliament directed the LOC to accept a status of autocephaly due to Patriarch Kirill of Moscow's overt support for the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. The LOC has indicated a preparedness to comply, although no other Orthodox Churches have so far (December 2022) recognised its autocephaly, which has been disputed by the Moscow Patriarchate.
(Orthodox Church of Latvia seceded from Moscow – It was a matter of national security, says the President orthodoxtimes.com September 10, 2022.)
Meanwhile, the small Latvian Orthodox Autonomous Church (LOAC), which unilaterally split from the Moscow Patriarchate in 1994, was legally registered as a jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in October 2019, explicitly rejecting any ties with the Moscow Patriarchate in doing so.
Latvijas Pareizticīgā Autonomā Baznīca, Konstantinopoles Patriarhāta jurisdikcijā, 40801052674 | Uzņēmumi | Firmas.lv. Archived from the original on 1 серпня 2021. Retrieved on 1 серпня 2021.
Latvijas Pareizticīgā Autonomā Baznīca, Konstantinopoles Patriarhāta jurisdikcijā, 40801052674 - par uzņēmumu. Archived from the original on 23 лютого 2021. Retrieved on 1 серпня 2021.
Официальный сайт Латвийской Православной Церкви. Archived from the original on 1 серпня 2021. Retrieved on 1 серпня 2021.
  • Lithuania: In Lithuania, most people who profess a religion adhere to the Catholic Church (74.19% in the 2021 census), while only 4.4% adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy. Metropolitan Innokenty of the Russian Orthodox Diocese (Eparchy) of Lithuania was quick to condemn the Russian invasion of Ukraine in March 2022, and requested the Moscow Patriarchate to grant his eparchy autonomy in May 2022. Although the ROC Synod responded by setting up a commission to consider the matter, nothing has been heard from it since (as of January 2023). In response, the Exarchate of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Lithuania, or Patriarchal Exarchate in Lithuania, was established in 2023 (recognised by the government of Lithuania in 2024), with several parishes from the Moscow-aligned Eparchy of Lithuania switching over to the new Constantinople-aligned Exarchate.
Ksenia Luchenko (31 January 2023). Why the Russian Orthodox Church Supports the War in Ukraine. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
Thanos Chrysanthopoulos (11 February 2024). "Patriarchal Exarchate of Lithuania was legally recognized by Lithuanian State Authorities". Orthodox Times. Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
  • Moldova: Since 1991, there has been a dispute between the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova (under the Moscow Patriarchate) and the Metropolis of Bessarabia (under the Romanian Orthodox Church). Both claim exclusive canonical jurisdiction over the territory of the Republic of Moldova, and neither recognises the other. The Moscow–Constantinople schism since 2018 and the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine since February 2022 have impacted this existing dispute. In September 2024, Orthodox Times reported that "The Metropolis of Bessarabia now comprises over 200 parishes. Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, more than 60 priests have left the Metropolis of Moldova, [under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Moscow, to join the Metropolis of Bessarabia, which belongs to the Romanian Orthodox Church,] signifying a significant realignment within the Orthodox community in the region." (The Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova probably still had over 1000 parishes remaining at the time.)
Priests from Moldova leave Moscow Patriarchate and join Romanian Church | Orthodox Times (en). Orthodox Times (en) (17 September 2024). Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
  • North Macedonia: The Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid (MOC-AO) was granted autocephaly by the Serbian Orthodox Church in May/June 2022. This was unusual, as granting autocephaly is commonly considered a prerogative of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. As of May 2025, negotiations regarding a final arrangement were still ongoing between the various patriarchates and autocephalous churches. While the Serbian Orthodox Church has voiced opposition to autocephaly for the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), the MOC-AO has not made any definitive statements regarding the OCU yet, focusing on its own status first. In March 2023, the Synod of the MOC-AO decided "not to concelebrate with the hierarchy of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine until the full resolution of its status in the fullness of Orthodoxy". In July 2024, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople responded to the MOC-AO that recognising the OCU's autocephaly would be a precondition before the MOC-AO itself should receive autocephaly.
Macedonian Church rejects communion with Ukrainian schismatics. OrthoChristian (31 March 2023). Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
Ecumenical Patriarchate will not grant autocephaly to the Church of North Macedonia until it recognizes the OCU, - Hierarch of the Greek Church - RISU. Religious Information Service of Ukraine (19 July 2024). Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
  • Polish Orthodox Church: In Poland, relatively few people are registered members of the Polish Orthodox Church (about 0.5 million in 2016) compared to the Catholic Church in Poland (about 40.55 million in 2014/2017). On 2 April 2019, the assembly of bishops of the Polish Orthodox Church released a communiqué. In it, it reiterated its stance taken 9 May and 15 November 2018. The communiqué says "that the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church was and is in favour of granting full independence – autocephaly – to the Orthodox Church in Ukraine", and that autocephaly should be given "according to the dogmatic and canonical norms of the whole Church, and not of a group of schismatics. Those who left the Church and have been deprived of their priestly ordination, cannot represent a healthy ecclesial body. It is an uncanonical act, violating the Eucharistic and inter-Orthodox unity." The decision of the Assembly on the OCU was reaffirmed on 26 October 2021.
ORTHODOX | Komunikat Kancelarii Św. Soboru Biskupów. www.orthodox.pl (2 April 2019). Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
Komunikat Kancelarii Św. Soboru Biskupów. www.orthodox.pl (27 October 2021). Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
  • Georgian Orthodox Church: In February 2019, the Patriarchate of the Georgian Orthodox Church issued a statement that rejected what they saw as pressure and threats on the part of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) on the Ukrainian issue. As of August 2024, the Georgian Orthodox Church has not recognised the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU). On the other hand, the Georgian Orthodox Church did recognise the autocephaly of the Macedonian Orthodox Church in February 2023. Georgian scholars explained the attitude of the Georgian Orthodox Church as one that did not dare disagreeing with the Moscow Patriarchate on Ukraine-related matters out of fear of angering the Russian Orthodox Church.
საქართველოს საპატრიარქოს განცხადება (01.02.2019) (in ka). patriarchate.ge (1 February 2019). Retrieved on 22 October 2019.
Vidka Atanasova, Rostyslav Khotin, Volodymyr Ivakhnenko, Mike Eckel (30 August 2024). "Pro-War Policies Put Russia's Orthodox Church Under Increasing Pressure Outside Russia". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
  • Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (OCCLS): See en:Reactions of the Eastern Orthodox churches to the 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism#Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia for more information. Very few people in the Czech Republic (41,178 in the 2021 census) or in Slovakia (50,677 in the 2021 census) are registered members of the OCCLS. As of November 2019, most OCCLS officials had not recognised the OCU, but Bishop Isaiah (Slaninka) of Šumperk, Vicar of Olomouc and Brno Eparchy, concelebrated the Divine Liturgy with OCU primate Epiphanius I of Ukraine in Kyiv on 20 November 2019. On the other hand, OCCLS primate metropolitan Rastislav (Gont) of Prešov, Archbishop Michal (Michael) (Dandár) of Prague (Bohemia), and Archbishop Juraj (George) (Stransky) of Michalovce and Košice (Slovakia), have each voiced criticism of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople's decision to grant autocephaly to a group of three churches, two of which (the UOC-KP and UAOC) were previously widely considered "schismatic". They do not rule out OCU autocephaly, but generally propose a pan-Orthodox council to settle the matter (thus postponing a decision). Religious scholar Oleksandr Sagan stated in April 2025: "The [OCCLS] position on the non-recognition of the OCU remains unclear. In November 2019, one of the hierarchs of this church concelebrated with Metropolitan Epiphanius. However, the matter did not progress further – this church [as a whole] does not recognise the OCU." Therefore, the OCCLS jurisdiction in the Czech Republic and Slovakia is coloured "No definitive statements yet regarding the OCU".
Bishop from Czech Orthodox Church concelebrated with Metropolitan Epifaniy of Kyiv. Orthodox Times (en) (21 November 2019). Retrieved on 23 May 2025.
Hierarchs of UOC and OCCLS celebrate joint service in Prague. Raskolam-net.info (17 March 2025). Retrieved on 30 May 2025.
Andrei Ivanov. OCCLS head congratulates UOC Primate on 50th anniversary of monastic vows. UOJ. Retrieved on 30 May 2025.
Czech hierarch: What is happening in Ukraine is unbelievable. OrthoChristian.Com (25 January 2019). Retrieved on 30 May 2025.
Tymoshchuk, Yaroslava (18 April 2025). Автокефалія чи агентура в рясах? Через що розгорівся скандал у православній церкві Чеських земель та Словаччини – і до чого тут Україна (in uk). Radop Liberty. Retrieved on 30 May 2025.
Author Nederlandse Leeuw

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Overview of the current status of the 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism by Orthodox Church jurisdiction.

23 May 2025

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current14:53, 30 May 2025Thumbnail for version as of 14:53, 30 May 2025680 × 520 (734 KB)Nederlandse LeeuwOCCLS (Czechia and Slovakia) coloured #FFEEAA, see Discussion
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