Draft:Motion of confidence
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Last edited by Mebeingyou (talk | contribs) 5 months ago. (Update) |
A motion or vote of confidence is a variation of a motion of no confidence. In its contrast, the motion of confidence can be posed by a government to the parliament to determine whether it still fundamentally agrees with its position, thereby clarifying serious conflicts. It may be used by the government to discipline the parliament in many parliamentary democracies. A negative outcome often leads to the resignation of the government or to new elections.
Many countries do not differentiate between a motion of confidence and a motion of no confidence. Also the legal framework and hence both the timing and the impact of such a vote vary from country to country.
Initial motion of confidence
[edit]Some countries require new governments to hold a vote for confidence after their forming. This particularly the case where the government is appointed by a head of state instead of voted by by the parliament, such as in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, and Poland.
Tenure motion of confidence
[edit]A motion of confide can also occur during the tenure of a government. This is the case for example in Belgium and Slovenia where a negative outcome of the vote of confidence leads to either the formation of a new government or the dissolution of parliament.
A special case is the German "Vertrauensfrage" (literally 'confidence question'). The term refers to Article 68 of the Basic Law, which allows the Federal Chancellor to request the Bundestag to express its confidence in them. It was, however, not originally intended by the framers of the Basic Law to be used to automatically dissolve the parliament. The votes of confidence initiated by Helmut Kohl in 1982 and Gerhard Schröder in 2005 exploited the constitutional leeway. Either held a majority in the Bundestag yet still posed the vote of confidence to achieve the dissolution of parliament and snap elections following a defeat in a vote. Helmut Kohl was elected Chancellor by the Bundestag in 1982 through a constructive vote of no confidence against Helmut Schmidt. He then posed the vote of confidence and was re-elected Chancellor after the new elections in 1983. Gerhard Schröder initiated new elections in 2005 with his vote of confidence, but his government was subsequently replaced by that of Angela Merkel.
The vote of confidence cannot be used arbitrarily to dissolve the Bundestag at any seemingly appropriate time; rather, a "genuine" government crisis must be present. However, in a 1983 ruling, the Federal Constitutional Court granted the Chancellor and the Federal President considerable discretion in this matter. This discretion was reaffirmed by the Federal Constitutional Court in its decision regarding the dissolution of the Bundestag in 2005.