Draft:Indian Pulsar Timing Array
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The Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA)[1] is an Indo-Japanese collaboration aimed at detecting low-frequency, nanoHertz Gravitational Waves using the pulsar timing technique. This experiment uses the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope to carry out observations of highly regular pulses from millisecond pulsars. This project is a part of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration of pulsar timing array experiments that includes the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves and the European Pulsar Timing Array.
Pulsar observations for detection of gravitational waves
[edit]The pulsar timing array experiments observe an ensemble of highly rotationally stable millisecond pulsars, distributed more or less uniformly in the sky, with high signal-to-noise ratio pulse detections and minimal signal distortion due to the interstellar medium, for searches of gravitational waves. Passing gravitational waves stretch and squeeze space-time between pulsars and the Earth, causing a slight variation in the time of arrival of the pulses from pulsars at the Earth. By precisely monitoring these times of arrival from pulsars over many years, correlated timing deviation across the pulsar array can reveal the presence of gravitational waves. Only a small number of pulsars satisfy these requirements.
The InPTA experiment observed a total of 27 millisecond pulsars spanning approximately an observation period of 7.5 years between 2016 and 2024[2]. The InPTA observations were carried out by splitting the upgraded GMRT antennas into multiple subarrays to observe the same source simultaneously at low and high frequency bands in 300–500 MHz and 1260–1460 MHz ranges. Each band had a bandwidth of 100 MHz or 200 MHz, depending on the observation cycle.
The first data release of InPTA included observations of 14 millisecond pulsars from observation cycles during 2018-2021[3]. The second data release added 13 more pulsars to the dataset, while also including the original 14, extending the total observation period to approximately 7.5 years, covering the span from 2016 to 2024. The first InPTA data set is combined with similar high-precision, higher frequency data from 24 years of EPTA observation, revealing evidence of a nano-Hertz stochastic Gravitational Waves Background signal[4]. There were also concurrent and independent confirmation of the evidence for Gravitational Waves Background in 15 years of observation of NANOGrav[5] and about 3 years of observation of the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array[6].
References
[edit]- ^ "InPTA: Indian Pulsar Timing Array". InPTA.
- ^ Rana P, et al. (2025). "The Indian Pulsar Timing Array Data Release 2: I. Dataset and Timing Analysis". arXiv:2506.16769 [astro-ph.IM].
- ^ Tarafdar P, et al. (2025). "The Indian Pulsar Timing Array: First data release". arXiv:2206.09289 [astro-ph.IM].
- ^ Antoniadis J, et al. (2025). "The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array - III. Search for gravitational wave signals". arXiv:2306.16214 [astro-ph.HE].
- ^ Agazie G, et al. (2025). "The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars". arXiv:2306.16217 [astro-ph.HE].
- ^ Xu H, et al. (2025). "Searching for the Nano-Hertz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array Data Release I". arXiv:2306.16216 [astro-ph.HE].