Draft:GLM

GLM

Developer(s)	Zhipu AI
Initial release	August 2022 (2022-08)
Stable release	4-0414 / April 2025 (2025-04)
Repository	github.com/THUDM/GLM-4
Written in	Python
Operating system	Web app
Type	Chatbot
License	MIT, ChatGLM License, GLM-4 License
Website	chat.z.ai

GLM (also called ChatGLM or General Language Model) is a family of open-source bilingual Large Language Models developed by Z.ai (Zhipu AI) and The Knowledge Engineering Group & Data Mining (THUDM) at Tsinghua University. In April 2025, the latest GLM model family, GLM-4-0414, achieved competitive performance on benchmarks with leading models such as OpenAI's GPT-4o and DeepSeek's R1.

History

The first version of GLM, GLM-130B, was released in August 2022. While not open-sourced, the model was made available to researchers through an application for non-commercial research purposes.

The first publicly-available open-access GLM model was released in February 2023 with 2B and 10B variants, designed for both blank infilling and text generation.

ChatGLM

In March 2023, ChatGLM 6B was open-sourced on Hugging Face as a conversational language model inspired by ChatGPT. In May 2023, VisualGLM, a 6B parameter vision language model based on ChatGLM, was released.

In June 2023, ChatGLM 2 6B was released with improved performance and a variant with a 32K context window.

In October 2023, ChatGLM 3 6B was released with both chat and base variants, with added support for function calling and improved performance.

GLM-4

In June 2024, the GLM-4 model family was released with 9 billion parameters. The model family includes GLM-4-Chat, GLM-4-Chat-1M (with a 1M token context window), and GLM-4V-9B (a vision language model). The model was competitive with other open models, outperforming Mistral 7B but falling short of contemporaneous commercial models such as GPT-4 and Claude 3 Opus.

GLM-4-0414

In April 2025, Zhipu AI released GLM-4-0414, a model based on GLM-4 with greatly improved performance. The model was trained on 15T tokens of web and synthetic data, with performance competitive with DeepSeek V3 and GPT-4o. The following variants were made available:

• GLM-4-32B-0414: A chat model with 32B parameters fine-tuned from the GLM-4 Base 0414 model.
• GLM-4-32B-Base-0414: A base model with 32B parameters.
• GLM-Z1-32B-0414: A reasoning model similar to OpenAI's o1 based on GLM-4.
• GLM-Z1-32B-Rumination-0414: A reasoning model based on GLM-Z1-32B but with support for "rumination," similar to OpenAI's Deep Research.
• GLM-4-9B-0414: A chat model with 9B parameters.
• GLM-Z1-9B-0414: A variant of the GLM-Z1 model based on the 9B chat model.

Notably, the GLM-4-9B-0414 base model was not released.

Licenses

The GLM and ChatGLM models have been licensed under a wide variety of licenses. The original GLM-130B model is licensed under a non-commercial license prohibiting commercial use. The GLM 2B and 10B did not include a license for the model, but the code itself was licensed under the MIT license. The ChatGLM models are licensed under a restrictive revocable license. The GLM-4 models are licensed under a revocable license that requires attribution. The GLM-4-0414 model family is licensed under the MIT license, a permissive, OSI-approved license.