Draft:FinalSpark
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| Submission declined on 3 August 2025 by JesusisGreat7 (talk). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources, not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy and the notability of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies.
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This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. |  |
| Submission declined on 12 May 2025 by Ca (talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: Declined by Ca 5 months ago.
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| Submission declined on 12 February 2025 by Trex32 (talk). This submission does not appear to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. Entries should be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources. Please rewrite your submission in a more encyclopedic format. Please make sure to avoid peacock terms that promote the subject. This submission appears to read more like an advertisement than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources, not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy and the notability of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. Declined by Trex32 8 months ago. | |
Comment: Possible undisclosed WP:COI. WormEater13 (talk • contribs) 14:24, 26 July 2025 (UTC)
- Comment: For a company that claims scientific achievements, higher quality, expert sources than tech websites are needed. However the sources mention FinalSpark as a big player in this field, so I recommend dropping a mention at Biological computing or Wetware computer Ca talk to me! 13:22, 12 May 2025 (UTC)
- Comment: Please increase neutrality and promotional languge. Also increase high quality references. Trex32 (talk) 17:30, 12 February 2025 (UTC)
FinalSpark is a Swiss company.[1] with laboratory in Vevey, which is working on biocomputers. Biocomputers use living neurons for processing information[2].
Overview
[edit]FinalSpark research[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] focus is biological computing (also called organoid intelligence[13] or wetware computer) which consists in processing information using living neurons in vitro. This approach is believed to be more energy efficient than digital computers. Neurons are usually differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are themselves derived from human cells. They are cultured as brain organoids and placed on multielectrode arrays for experiments.
Other companies in this field include Koniku (United States) and Cortical Labs (Australia).
History
[edit]FinalSpark was founded by Dr. Fred Jordan and Dr. Martin Kutter in 2014. The initial objective was to build a ‘thinking machine’ based on digital computing hardware[14]. In 2019, company shifted its research towards biocomputing.
FinalSpark is privately owned and funded by the owners.
Technology
[edit]FinalSpark uses mainly brain organoids (instead of 2D neural cultures which are more common in the field). They are interfaced using electrodes and kept alive using an Air-Liquid-Interface setup. A micro-fluidics system enables a constant flow of medium below the organoids. Electrical interaction with neurons is performed using analog to digital and digital to analog converters. Both fluidics and electronics systems operate 24/7. It is also possible to release neuromodulators using uncaging[15]. The measurement of action potentials, stimulation of neurons and neuromodulators release is performed programmatically in Python using a published API. Researchers can log into the system and perform experiments remotely[16], some universities published results they obtained using it[17][18]
References
[edit]- ^ "FinalSpark Sàrl". Central Business Name Index of Switzerland.
- ^ Travers, Scott. "Could Lab-Grown Mini-Brains From Stem Cells Power Tomorrow's AI?". Forbes.
- ^ Kinard, Jordan. "These Living Computers Are Made from Human Neurons". Scientific American.
- ^ Tyson, Mark (26 May 2024). "World's first bioprocessor uses 16 human brain organoids for 'a million times less power' consumption than a digital chip". Tom's Hardware.
- ^ Agarwal, Shubham (17 July 2025). "Scientists want to build 'living' computers—powered by live brain cells". National Geographic. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
- ^ Pao, Jeff. "FinalSpark explores living neurons as low-energy biocomputers for AI". www.techjournal.uk. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
- ^ "Scientists race to make 'living' computers powered by human cells". www.bbc.com. 2025-10-04. Retrieved 2025-10-15.
- ^ Watson, Clare (2024-06-11). "Swiss Startup Connects 16 Human Mini-Brains to Create Low Energy 'Biocomputer'". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2025-10-15.
- ^ "Swiss Startup Sets Out to Develop the World's First Living Processor - News". www.allaboutcircuits.com. Retrieved 2025-10-15.
- ^ "FinalSpark Wants to Develop Computers Powered by Mini Human Brains". TechEBlog. 2025-10-06. Retrieved 2025-10-15.
- ^ Genish, Shai (14 June 2024). "ComputersFinalSpark Connects 16 Human Brains Ushering in the Era of Biocomputing with the World's First Online Neural Research Platform".
- ^ "This computer composed of 16 mini human brains shows impressive efficiency". Techno-Science.net. 2024-06-20. Retrieved 2025-10-15.
- ^ Hansford, Rachael (14 November 2023). "Organoid intelligence".
- ^ Sanchez, Stephane (10 February 2014). "Ils créent la machine qui pense". La Liberte.
- ^ Bueneman, Keller. "Dopamine hits to data bits". Digital Kenyon.
- ^ Fred, Jordan (May 2, 2024). "Open and remotely accessible Neuroplatform for research in wetware computing". Frontiers. 7 1376042. doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1376042. PMC 11097343. PMID 38756757.
- ^ Liu, Tianyi; Philamore, Hemma; Ward-Cherrier, Benjamin (2025-08-28), Encoding Tactile Stimuli for Organoid Intelligence in Braille Recognition, arXiv:2508.20850
- ^ Bayle, Fraser W; Scheper, Tjeerd V Olde (2025). "Dynamic Darwinism: a foundational framework to nonlinear data representation in neuronal networks". NeuMat 2025. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.27967.16800.
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