Creaky-voiced glottal approximant
(Redirected from Creaky voiced glottal approximant)
| Creaky-voiced glottal approximant | |
|---|---|
| ʔ̬ | |
| ʔ̰ | |
| Audio sample | |
A creaky-voiced glottal approximant or voiced glottal stop is a consonant sound in some languages. In the IPA, it is transcribed as ⟨ʔ̬⟩[1] or ⟨ʔ̰⟩.[2] It involves tension in the glottis and diminution of airflow, compared to surrounding vowels, but not full occlusion.
Features
[edit]Features of a creaky-voiced glottal approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its phonation is creaky-voiced.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
[edit]It is an intervocalic allophone of a glottal stop in many languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gimi | hagok | /haʔ̬oʔ/ | 'many' | It is reported to be contrastive in which it is phonologically the voiced equivalent of the glottal stop /ʔ/.[3] Identified as a fortis glottal stop /ʔː/ by one author.[4] |
| Tundra Nenets[5] | [example needed] | May only be contrastive in consonant sandhi, and have no acoustic or articulatory difference from a typical /ʔ/.[6] | ||
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Garellek, Marc; Chai, Yuan; Huang, Yaqian; Van Doren, Maxine (2023). "Voicing of glottal consonants and non-modal vowels". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 53 (2): 305–332. doi:10.1017/S0025100321000116.
- ^ Kehrein, Wolfgang; Golston, Chris (2005). "A prosodic theory of laryngeal contrasts". Phonology. 21 (3): 325–357. doi:10.1017/S0952675704000302. JSTOR 4615515. S2CID 62734231.
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 77–78. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- ^ Gimi Organised Phonology Data. [Manuscript] [1]
- ^ Colarusso (2012), p. 2.
- ^ Staroverov (2006), p. 2.
References
[edit]- Colarusso, John (2012), The Typology of the Gutturals (PDF)
- Staroverov, Peter (2006), Vowel deletion and stress in Tundra Nenets (PDF), Moscow State University
