Bünting cloverleaf map
The Bünting cloverleaf map, also known as The World in a Cloverleaf, (German title: "Die ganze Welt in einem Kleberblat/Welches ist der Stadt Hannover meines lieben Vaterlandes Wapen") is a historic mappa mundi drawn by the German Protestant pastor, theologian, and cartographer Heinrich Bünting. The map was published in his book Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel Book of Holy Scripture) in 1581.[1]
Today the map is found within the Eran Laor maps collection in the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem. A mosaic model of the map is installed on the fence of Safra Square at the site of Jerusalem's city hall.
The map is a figurative illustration, in the manner of the medieval mappa mundi format, depicting the world via a clover leaf shape.[2] The shape honors Bünting's home city of Hanover, on whose coat of arms a clover leaf is depicted.[3] The city of Jerusalem is represented as the centre, surrounded by three central continents, with some more areas of the world being accordingly illustrated separately from the clover.
Description
[edit]The dimension of the map is 38 by 30 centimeters.
Jerusalem is in the centre of the map surrounded by the three continents of Europe, Africa, and Asia, comprising three leaves of a clover leaf shape. The top-left leaf shape coloured in red represents Europe, the bottom one coloured in yellow represents Africa, and the top-right one coloured in green represents Asia. The three continents include captions of their various countries and illustrations of some of their cities. Europe includes one illustration of the Italian city Rome, the continent of Africa includes illustrations of three cities with one being the Egyptian city of Alexandria, and Asia includes illustrations of nine cities.
The clover is surrounded by the ocean, with its surface including illustrations of sea creatures, monsters, and a ship.[4] England and Denmark[4] together with Sweden—as perhaps the tip of the entire Nordic countries[citation needed]—are represented as two island-shapes above Europe's leaf. The Red Sea is illustrated between Africa and Asia, painted in red. America is represented as a separating, mostly unrevealed shape at the lower left corner, coloured in green like Asia, with the caption Die Neue Welt (The New World).[4]
References
[edit]- ^ F. Thomas Noonan (2007). The Road to Jerusalem: Pilgrimage and Travel in the Age of Discovery. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-8122-3994-2.
- ^ Genevieve Carlton (2015). Worldly Consumers: The Demand for Maps in Renaissance Italy. University of Chicago Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-226-25545-3.
- ^ Alfred Hiatt (2008). Terra Incognita: Mapping the Antipodes Before 1600. University of Chicago Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-226-33303-8. "The pattern of the old world, redolent with civic heraldry, since the clover leaf represented the arms of Hanover..." Cf. Henk A.M. van der Heijden, "Heinrich Büntings Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. Ein Kapitel der biblischen Geographie", Cartographia Helvetica 23 (2001): 5-14, at 10: "Über die Bedeutung dieses Symbols ist man sich nicht ganz im Klaren. [...] Aber wie es auch sei, es ist klar, dass das Kleeblatt seit jeher und auch jetzt noch – wenn auch in moderner Form – im Wappen von Hannover vorkommt, was Bünting inspiriert hat, es für seine Weltkarte zu benutzen."
- ^ a b c Map Collectors' Series: Geographical Oddities, Issues 1-10. Map Collectors' Circle. 1963. p. 21.
Further reading
[edit]- Jerusalem in Maps and Mirrors, from Byzantine Period Until the 19th Century, 1987, Nahar Books and Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir publishers.
External links
[edit]- Information about the map at Eran Laor's Collection, The National Library of Israel website.
- Description of the map – Yale university Archived 2016-08-09 at the Wayback Machine, Under the title Asia Secunda Pars Terrae in Forma Pegasir. Die Gantze Welt in ein Kleberblat. Heinrich Bunting, c. 1590.