Atthayoja
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A Yojanā in the Pali context, is a text that explains the meaning of words and their relationships in sentences of Pali, helping to clarify translations of commentaries (Aṭṭhakathā) and sub-commentaries (Ṭīkā). It is divided into three types according to the divisions of the Tipiṭaka: Yojanā of the Vinaya Piṭaka, Yojanā of the Sutta Piṭaka, and Yojanā of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka.[1]
The main purpose of the Yojanā, also called Aṭṭhayoja (or sometimes Aṭṭhayoṣa), is to serve as a supplementary text or handbook (nissaya) for translating various texts. It explains word relationships, word meanings, grammar, and provides a deeper analysis of the lexical hierarchy.[2]
The Yojanā texts originated around the same time as the Ṭīkā and Anuṭīkā texts, with development starting in the 17th century during the reign of King Prakampāhumaharāja, who established the capital at Puratthinakorn (Po Lon Naruwa). He patronized the Sangha, which traced its lineage from the Mahāvihāra, convening to compose Ṭīkā texts. Mahākassapa of Uttumparakiri Vihāra was the head. In this context, Sāriputta wrote the Sārattattīpanī, Aṇanda wrote the Mūlaṭīkā correcting the Abhidhamma, and several other scholars composed Ṭīkā and Anuṭīkā, including the Yojanā. Theravāda Buddhism from the Mahāvihāra school later spread to countries such as Thailand, Burma, Mon, and Laos, where these texts were further adopted.[3]
The most renowned Pali scholar credited with composing widely recognized Yojanā texts is Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera of Lanna (c. 1940–2010 BE). His significant works include the Samanta-pāsāṭikā Aṭṭhayoja and Yojanā Aṭṭhakathā Sālinī.[4]
Yojanā of the Vinaya Piṭaka
[edit]- Pācittiyāti Aṭṭhakathā Yojanā – composed by Phra Chākrāpivansa at Wat Takkhīnārām, Mandalay
- Khuttaka-sikkhā Yojanā – composed by a forest monk in Sagaing
- Vinaya-vinicchaya Yojanā – composed by a forest monk in Sagaing
- Yojanā Vinaya-vinicchaya Saṅgha – composed by Mahārājakhru in Burma
- Samanta-pāsāṭikā Aṭṭhayoja – a Vinaya Yojanā divided into 5 texts from Āṭhigamma to Bṛivāra, composed by Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera in Chiang Mai[5]
Yojanā of the Sutta Piṭaka
[edit]- Nidikandha Sutta Aṭṭhayoja – composed by Phra Jārintāla or Phaya Ji Sayādo
- Dhammapadaṭṭhakathā Kātha Yojanā – composed by Phra Sirisumangkhala in Burma
- Tulāṭṭhayoja – composed by Phra Ukkhangwangsamāla
- Pajjavekkhana Yojanā – composed by Phra Ukkhangwangsamāla[6]
Yojanā of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka
[edit]- Yojanā Aṭṭhakathā Sālinī – composed by Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera in Chiang Mai
- Yojanā Dhātukathā – composed by Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera in Chiang Mai
- Yojanā Sammohavinodanī – composed by Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera in Chiang Mai
- Yojanā Kathāvattu – composed by Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera in Chiang Mai
- Yojanā Paṭṭhāna – composed by Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera in Chiang Mai
- Yojanā Ṭīkā Abhidhammaṭṭhasaṅgha – composed by Phra Ñāṇakitti Thera in Chiang Mai
- Dhātukathā Mūlaṭīkā Yojanā – composed by Phra Sārattassi or Pupparam Sayādo
- Saṅgha Yojanā – composed by Phra Kawitcha
- Dhātuvatthu Yojanā – composed by Phra Jārintatāsa
- Yojanā Pāli Abhidhammaṭṭhasaṅgha – author unknown[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Faculty of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. (2007). p. 105
- ^ Jamnian Kaewphu. (1995). p. 5
- ^ Faculty of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. (2007). p. 110
- ^ Jamnian Kaewphu. (1995). p. 5
- ^ Faculty of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. (2007). p. 105
- ^ Faculty of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. (2007). p. 105
- ^ Faculty of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. (2007). p. 106
Bibliography
[edit]- Faculty of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. (2007). Pali Literature. Bangkok: Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University.
- Jamnian Kaewphu. (1995). Pali-Sanskrit Linguistic Texts: History and Development with Focus on Grammar Texts. Bangkok: Odean Store.