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Hatice Sultan (1870–1938)

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Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Infobox royalty

Hatice Sultan (Vorlage:Lang-ota; 5 April 1870 – 12 March 1938) was an Ottoman princess, the eldest daughter of Sultan Murad V and his third wife Şayan Kadın.

Early life

Hatice Sultan was born on 5 April 1870 her father's villa in Kurbağalıdere.Vorlage:Sfn Her father was Sultan Murad V, and her mother was Şayan Kadın,Vorlage:SfnVorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn the daughter of Batır Zan.[1] She was the second child, and eldest daughter of her father and the only child of her mother.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn She was the granddaughter of Abdulmejid I and Şevkefza Kadın.[2] She was brought up concealed in the villa until Murad ascended the throne.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn

After Murad's accession the throne on 30 May 1876, after the deposition of his uncle Sultan Abdulaziz,[3] her family settled in the Dolmabahçe Palace. After reigning for three months, he was deposed on 30 August 1876,[4] due to mental instability and was imprisoned in the Çırağan Palace. Hatice and her mother followed him into confinement.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn

Life in confinement

At the time of her family's confinement, Hatice Sultan was six years old.Vorlage:Sfn By the time she was ten, she was already a happy, laughing, joyful girl. She loved stories and would even make up her own endings to stories while listening to them, proving both that she possessed a vivid imagination and that she was quite advanced for her age.Vorlage:Sfn

As she grew older her sentiments quickly became more apparent. She took up novels as soon as she learned to read. She would surreptitiously pick out the novels from among her father's books, now and then staying up all night reading them. Most of these novels were the works of French authors, since she had been taught French by her stepmother, Gevherriz Hanım as well as by her father.Vorlage:Sfn

According to Filizten Hanım, Hatice Sultan was a bit too romantic by nature.Vorlage:Sfn She was so beautiful, that she could have been called "the star of the Princesses" of that day. She was sensitive, fiery, and exuberant woman.Vorlage:Sfn

First marriage

As years passed and Hatice matured into a fully grown woman, she quite openly longed for a husband. At length, her complaints came to her father's attention, thanks to her mother and the older kalfas. Murad had her complaints sent to Abdul Hamid. The latter consider it his duty to find husbands for her and her sister, but on one condition, that once they leave the palace they may not return.Vorlage:Sfn

With that, the princesses were asked what they wished to do. Both preferred to leave Çırağan Palace and get married. Abdul Hamid had the two princesses brought up to Yıldız Palace. He ordered one of the villas at Ortaköy to be completely renovated and another new villa to be built. He had them completely furnished, then ordered photographs taken of them and sent the photographs to Murad.Vorlage:Sfn

In October 1898,[5] she and her sister Fehime Sultan met with the German empress Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, when the latter visited Istanbul with her husband the German emperor Wilhelm II.Vorlage:Sfn At that time the two were living at Yıldız Palace. Abdul Hamid realized that if he introduced his own daughters to the Empress but didn't include them they would feel quite hurt, so he had them participate in the ceremony as well.Vorlage:Sfn

Abdul Hamid decided to get Hatice married to Kabasakal Çerkes Mehmed Pasha, widower of princesses Naile Sultan, daughter of Abdulmejid I and Esma Sultan, daughter of Abdulaziz. However, the marriage didn't materialize.[6]

Finally in 1901, Abdul Hamid arranged her marriage together with her sister Fehime Sultan, and Sultan Abdulaziz's daughter Emine SultanVorlage:Sfn to one of her father's table servants who was given the title "Ali Vasıf Pasha, Code Scribe".Vorlage:Sfn The marriage took place on 12 September 1901 in the Yıldız Palace.Vorlage:Sfn The couple were given one of the palaces of Ortaköy as their residence.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn The couple didn't had any children.[7]

Affair and divorce

Naime Sultan, the daughter of Sultan Abdul Hamid II had been a neighbour in the adjoining villa. Hatice Sultan had been having an affair for three months with her husband, Mehmed Kemaleddin Pasha. According to Filizten Hanım, they decided to have Naime Sultan, murdered so they could get married.Vorlage:Sfn This episode occurred in early 1904.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn However, several sources reveal that this was a trap set by her in order to take revenge from Abdul Hamid, who had imprisoned her father in Çırağan Palace for years, and didn't arranged her marriage until the age of thirty, and then married her to someone she never loved. Thus, the perfect way to take revenge was to ruin the marriage of Sultan's favourite daughter.Vorlage:Sfn

The resulting scandal angered Abdul Hamid. First he had Naime Sultan divorce her husband. Then he stripped Kemaleddin Pasha of all his military honors and exiled him to Bursa. Hatice's father, Murad, was a diabetic and when he heard of the affair, the shock of his distress brought on his death a short time later.[8]

Semih Mümtaz, whose father, the Governor of Bursa, was charged with guarding Kemaleddin Pasha in his internal exile, mentions nothing whatsoever about a plot to poison Naime, but rather claims that the affair between Hatice Sultan and Kemaleddin Pasha consisted of the exchange of love letters tossed over the garden wall, heated love letters on the part of the impulsive Kemaleddin Pasha. He claims Hatice Sultan had the Pasha's letters stolen and revealed to Abdul Hamid on purpose, in revenge for the poor husband the Sultan had chosen for her.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn

The Western press reported only that the Sultan's son-in-law had been arrested and sent into exile as a result of the secret correspondence between him and Hatice Sultan.Vorlage:Sfn

Hatice and her husband divorced soon after. Although she had to divorce her husband, and Kemaleddin Pasha was sent into internal exile, Abdul Hamid later forgave her and she was invited again to Yıldız Palace.Vorlage:Sfn

Second marriage

Hatice Sultan in Istanbul

After Hatice Sultan divorced Ali Vasıf Pasha, she married Rauf Hayreddin Bey (1871 – 1936), son of Hayri BeyVorlage:Sfn in 1909.[7] The two together had three children, Sultanzade Osman Bey, who died on 31 January 1911,[9] Sultanzade Hayri Bey born on 12 June 1912,[10] and Selma Hanımsultan born in 1914.[7]

In 1912, the "Hilal-i Ahmer Centre for Women" was organised within the "Ottoman Hilal-i Ahmer Association", a foundation established in 1877 to provide medical care in Istanbul and surrounding communities.[11] In May 1915, during the Gallipoli Campaign, as the member of this organisation, Hatice visited the Kadırga hospital distributing handkerchiefs and cigarettes amongst the soldiers and donated tea and sugar to the hospital.[12]

Hatice divorced Rauf in 1918, during the First World War.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn

Life in exile and death

Hatice Sultan in exile
Tomb of Hatice Sultan located in Sultan Selim Mosque, Damascus, Syria

At the exile of the imperial family in March 1924, Hatice Sultan and her two children settled in Beirut, Lebanon.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn In exile, the three of them lived on the alimony sent by her former husband Rauf Bey. However, when he was mixed up in a smuggling plot, dismissed from his job and put in prison, they were left with no money.[13]

In 1932, a double match was made for two princesses of the Ottoman family living in France, the princesses Dürrüşehvar Sultan and Nilüfer Hanımsultan. The Nizam of Hyderabad, at the time considered the richest man in the world, had won their hand in marriage for his two sons. After a simple wedding in the South of France, the two brides went off to live in India.[14] In her straitened circumstances, Hatice was under a lot of pressure to get her daughter married, the sooner the better. But it had become very hard to find suitable marriage partners for impoverished Turkish royalty. About five years later, a husband for Selma was found in India. Selma traveled to India to marry Syed Sajid Husain Ali, Raja of Kotwara, in 1937.[14]

Hatice was then on alimony sent by the raja, her son-in-law. She suffered a stroke, and died eventually[13] on 12 March 1938, at the age of sixty-seven. She was buried at the Sultan Selim Mosque in Damascus, Syria.Vorlage:Sfn

Titles, styles and honours

Vorlage:Infobox royal styles

Titles and styles

  • 5 April 1870 – 1 November 1922: Her Imperial Highness Princess Hatice Sultan

Honours

Ottoman honours

Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
By Rauf Hayreddin Bey (married 1909 – divorced 1918; 1871 – 1936)
Sultanzade Osman Bey[9] Vorlage:N/a 31 January 1911[9] Died in infancy, and buried in tomb of Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin, Yahya Efendi Cemetery[9]
Sultanzade Hayri Bey[7] 19 June 1912 Vorlage:Circa 1951[7] Died unmarried in exile in Beirut, Lebanon[7]
Selma Hanımsultan 13 April 1914 13 January 1941 Married Syed Sajid Husain Zaidi, Raja of Kotwara (1910–1991) in 1937, and had issue, Kenizé Mourad (born 15 June 1940 in Paris); died in exile in Paris, France, and buried in Bobigny cemetery
  • In the 2012 movie The Sultan's Women, Hatice Sultan is portrayed by Turkish actress Melike Günal Kurtulmuş.[17]
  • In the 2017 TV series Payitaht: Abdülhamid, Hatice Sultan is portrayed by Turkish actress Gözde Kaya.[18]
  • Hatice Sultan is a character in Ayşe Osmanoğlu's historical novel The Gilded Cage on the Bosphorus (2020).[19]

Ancestry

Vorlage:Ahnentafel

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Sources

  • M. Cağatay Uluçay: Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara, Ötüken, 2011.
  • Necdet Sakaoğlu: Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık, 2008, ISBN 978-975-329-623-6.
  • Douglas Scott Brookes: The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.
  • Betül Kübra Bağce: II. Abdulhamid kızı Naime Sultan'in Hayati. 2008.

Vorlage:Daughters of the Ottoman Sultans

  1. ↑ Harun Açba: Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924. Profil, 2007, ISBN 978-975-996-109-1, S. 102.
  2. ↑ Jamil Adra: Genealogy of the Imperial Ottoman Family 2005. 2005, 21 (archive.org).
  3. ↑ Victor Roudometof: Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 978-0-313-31949-5, 86–7 (archive.org).
  4. ↑ Augustus Warner Williams, Mgrditch Simbad Gabriel: Bleeding Armedia: Its History and Horrors Under the Curse of Islam. Publishers union, 1896, 214 (archive.org).
  5. ↑ Alexander W. Hidden: The Ottoman Dynasty: A History of the Sultans of Turkey from the Earliest Authentic Record to the Present Time, with Notes on the Manners and Customs of the People. N. W. Hidden, 1912, S. 417.
  6. ↑ Nahid Sırrı Örik: Bilinmeyen yaşamlarıyla saraylılar. Türkiye İş Bankası, 2002, ISBN 978-975-458-383-0, S. 40.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Acılarla Ödenen Kefâret: Hadice Sultan’ın Hikâyesi. In: www.erkembugraekinci.com. 4. Dezember 2017, abgerufen am 10. Januar 2021.
  8. ↑ Hülya Tezcan: 19. Yy Sonuna Ait Bir Terzi Defteri. Sadberk Hanım Müzesi, 1992, ISBN 978-975-95457-3-4, S. 41.
  9. ↑ a b c d Haluk Y. Şehsuvaroğlu: Asırlar boyunca İstanbul: Eserleri, Olayları, Kültürü. Yenigün Haber Ajansı, 2005, S. 148.
  10. ↑ Ekrem Reşad, Ferid Osman: Musavver nevsâl-i Osmanî. 1911, S. 70.
  11. ↑ Barton Hacker, Margaret Vining: A Companion to Women's Military History. BRILL, 2012, ISBN 978-90-04-21217-6, S. 199.
  12. ↑ Nicolina Anna Norberta Maria van Os: Feminism, Philanthropy and Patriotism: Female Associational Life in the Ottoman Empire. Leiden University Institute for Area Studies (LIAS), Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University, 31. Oktober 2013, S. 449–50.
  13. ↑ a b Necdet Sakaoğlu: Famous Ottoman women. Avea, 2007, S. 277.
  14. ↑ a b Elisabeth Khan: Ottoman Princesses In India (1). Part One: The sad case of Princess… In: Medium. 26. Juni 2020, abgerufen am 11. Januar 2021.
  15. ↑ Yılmaz Öztuna: Başlangıcından zamanımıza kadar büyük Türkiye tarihi: Türkiye'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi. Ötüken Yayınevi, 1978, S. 165.
  16. ↑ Salnâme-i Devlet-i Âliyye-i Osmanîyye, 1333-1334 Sene-i Maliye, 68. Sene. Hilal Matbaası, 1918, S. 72–73.
  17. ↑ Vorlage:Citation
  18. ↑ Vorlage:Citation
  19. ↑ Vorlage:Citation
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