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Lavash

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Lavash
Turi non
Milliy oshxona Arman, Ozarbayjon, Eron, Gruzin oshxonalari
Asl nomi ozarbayjoncha: lavaş, armancha: լավաշ, լոշ, gruzincha: ლავაში, osetin: лауаси , forscha: لواش‎‎
Kelib chiqishi Yaqin Sharq: Armaniston[1][2][3][4][5] / Eron[6][7][8]
Asosiy komponentlari un, tuz

Lavash  (ozarbayjoncha: lavaş, armancha: լավաշ, լոշ, gruzincha: ლავაში, osetin: лауаси , forscha: لواش‎‎) – bugʻdoy unidan tayyorlanadigan yupqa va yassi shakldagi tuzsiz oq non boʻlib, asosan Kavkaz, Bolqon va Yaqin Sharq xalqlari oshxonasida keng tarqalgan.

Shuningdek, ushbu mahsulot Eron, Afgʻoniston[9] va Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlarida ham mashhur. Ingliz tilidagi nashrlar mahsulotni „arman moʻrt noni“, „arman kulchasi“, „moʻrt non“ yoki „paraki“ deb ham atashadi[10][11][12].

Tarixi

Yerevan bozorida sotiladigan turli xil lavashlar

Qadimgi shumerlar, bobilliklar, misrliklar, ossuriyaliklar va forslarda hovonchalar va qoʻl tegirmonlarining paydo boʻlishi pishirilgan nonning kashf etilishiga asos boʻladi. Quyuq don boʻtqasidan dastlabki xamirturushsiz yupqa nonlar tayyorlana boshlangan. Bugungi kunda ham Kavkazortida lavash taxminan shu usulda pishiriladi[13].

Yahudiy oshxonasi tarixi boʻyicha amerikalik mutaxassis Gil Marksning soʻzlariga koʻra, lavash kash etilgan hudud – Oʻrta Sharq[14]. Willard B. Moore taomning arman oshxonasiga tegishli ekanligi, Eron esa uning kelib chiqqan joyi deya taʼkidlagan[15]. Oksford universitetining oziq-ovqat qoʻllanmasi lavashni Kavkaz va Eron mintaqasida paydo boʻlgan qadimiy taom sifatida taʼriflaydi[9].

Bir qator manbalar lavashni arman millatiga xos taom deb taʼriflaydi[16][17][18]. Shunday qilib, oziq-ovqat ishlab chiqarish boʻyicha mutaxassis Sergio Serna-Saldivar lavash qadimgi arman taomi deb hisoblaydi[19].

Arxeologlar tomonidan topilgan tandirlar va ulardagi lavash qoldiqlari Armanistonda qadim zamonlardan beri lavashning keng tarqalganligini koʻrsatadi[20]. Bunday kuygan lavash boʻlaklaridan biri XX asr boshlarida oʻrta asr arman poytaxti Ani shahrida (Gagkashen cherkovi yaqinida[20]) Rus arxeologiya jamiyati tomonidan shaharni qazish chogʻida topilgan[21].

Lavash Ossuriya shohi Nosorga asir tushgan Armaniston shohi Aramni qutqarish uchun pishirilgan degan afsona mavjud. Aram jang oldidan 10 kun davomida oziq-ovqatsiz qamoqda saqlangan. Ayyor Aram eng chiroyli sovutini olib kelishni soʻragan. Choparlar podshoga ichiga yupqa non yashirilgan sovutni qayta-qayta olib kelishgan, ammo sovut har-safar Aramga yoqmagan. Nihoyat, jang kuni toʻq va kuchga toʻlgan Aram Nosorni kamondan otish paytida magʻlub etadi va yurtiga qaytadi[22][23].

Manbalar

  1. ↑ „Lavash“. The American Heritage Dictionary.
  2. ↑ Lavash is another popular flat cracker bread with ancient roots in Armenia.
  3. ↑ Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1 Albala, Ken: . Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Press — 5-bet. ISBN 9780313376269. „...on lavash, a traditional flatbread of Armenia similar to tortilla...“ 
  4. ↑ Goldstein, Darra. A Taste of Russia: A Cookbook of Russian Hospitality, 2nd, Montpelier, VT: Russian Life Books, 1999 — 185-bet. ISBN 9781880100424. „Armenian Flat Bread Lavash: Lavash has been baked for centuries in Armenia.“ 
  5. ↑ Khanam, R.. Encycl. Ethnography Of Middle-East And Central Asia (3 Vols. Set), 1st, New Delhi: Global Vision, 2005 — 55-bet. ISBN 9788182200623. „The t'onir is a round hole dug in the ground, which can be used for baking Armenian flat bread (lavash) and for heating the home in winter.“ 
  6. ↑ Karizaki, Vahid Mohammadpour (2017-03-01). "Ethnic and traditional Iranian breads: different types, and historical and cultural aspects". Journal of Ethnic Foods 4 (1): 8–14. doi:10.1016/j.jef.2017.01.002. ISSN 2352-6181. "The origin of lavash is most probably from Iran, according to the state of the encyclopedia of Jewish food." 
  7. ↑ Marks, Gil. Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010 — 355-bet. ISBN 978-0470391303. 
  8. ↑ Reinhart, Peter. The Bread Baker's Apprentice: Mastering the Art of Extraordinary Bread. Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony, 2011 — 178-bet. ISBN 978-1607741299. „"Lavash, though usually called Armenian flatbread, also has Iranian roots (...)"“ 
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Alan Davidson. The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford University Press, 2014. ISBN 0-19-967733-6, 9780199677337. P. 459
  10. ↑ Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon См. lavosh архив. Dictionary.com, LLC., 2003—2012. 

  11. ↑ Barbara A. West. Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing, 2009 — 52(1002)-bet. ISBN 1438119135, 9781438119137. 

  12. ↑ Leslie Bilderback „The Everything Bread Cookbook Wayback Machinedagi asl nusxadan arxivlangan arxiv nusxasi. (17-dekabr 2014-yil)“, glava 6 „Flatbreads“, Adams Media, 2010
  13. ↑ А.А. Шейпак. История науки и техники. Ч. 1, У/П. Издательство МГИУ, 2001 — 68 (274)-bet. ISBN 527601664X, 9785276016641. 

  14. ↑ Gil Marks.. Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. Hoboken, New Jersey: Published by John Wiley and Sons, 2010 — 355-bet. 

  15. ↑ Linda Keller Brown, Kay Mussell. Ethnic and Regional Foodways in the United States: The Performance of Group Identity Wayback Machinedagi asl nusxadan arxivlangan arxiv nusxasi. (30-noyabr 2018-yil). Глава 4 «Metaphor and Changing Reality: The Foodways and Beliefs of the Russian Molokans in the United States» University of Tennessee Press, 1984. ISBN 0-87049-419-8, 9780870494192. Стр. 94

  16. ↑ William Grimes. Eating Your Words: 2000 Words to Tease Your Taste Buds. Oxford University Press, 2004 — 115 (258)-bet. ISBN 0195174062, 9780195174069. 

  17. ↑ Webster’s two new college dictionary См. lavash. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005 — 637 (1518)-bet. ISBN 0618396012, 9780618396016. 

  18. ↑ Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. The American Heritage dictionary of the English language См. lavash архив. Houghton Mifflin, 2005 — 2074-bet. ISBN 0618082301, 9780618082308. 

  19. ↑ Sergio O. Serna-Saldivar. Cereal Grains: Laboratory Reference and Procedures Manual. CRC Press, 2012. ISBN 1-4398-5565-X, 9781439855652. P.217 «Lavash is another popular flat cracker bread with ancient roots in Armenia. Lavash is a thin, soft flatbread that is served with dips and used for wraps. It is usually made with wheat flour made in a variety of shapes all over the regions of the Caucasus, Iran (where it is often so thin as to be like tissue and can be almost seen through), and Afghanistan»
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 Бегларян Г. Хлебопечение в средневековой Армении (Wayback Machine saytida 2018-04-17 sanasida arxivlangan) Вестник общественных наук АН АрмССР. 1987. № 5. стр. 72—78
  21. ↑ Iosif Orbeli Избранные труды, Ереван 1963
  22. ↑ „Легенда о лаваше / Армянский музей Москвы и культуры наций“. 2020-yil 13-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 13-noyabr.
  23. ↑ Закуски из лаваша. 11 рецептов рулетов, пирожков, берек и ёка. Кочарян А., 2019 Wayback Machinedagi asl nusxadan arxivlangan arxiv nusxasi. (18-noyabr 2020-yil) ISBN 5041934207,9785041934200

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