Help:IPA/Basque
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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Basque language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Basque phonology and Basque dialects for a more thorough look at the sounds of Basque.
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Notes
- ^ a b c Lenition of /b d g/ occurs in regular speech in most Southern Basque dialects. Hualde (1991:99-100).
- ^ Silent in Southern Basque dialects.
- ^ /x/ is frequently heard because of its prevalence in Gipuzkoan, but the realisation of the grapheme j varies depending on dialect and can be [j, ʝ, ɟ, dʒ, ʒ, ʃ, χ]. The last, which resembles Scottish English loch, is typical of Gipuzkoan, and it has extended to eastern varieties of Biscayan and the Sakana variety of the Upper Navarrese. The standard pronunciation ruled by Euskaltzaindia is /j/.
- ^ The double rr is pronounced as an alveolar trill [r] in Southern Basque dialects but as a guttural [ʁ] in Northern Basque dialects.
- ^ a b Basque contrasts two consonants that sound similar to the /s/ of Englishː /s̺/, which is apical, and /s̻/, which is laminal. /ts̺/ and /ts̻/ are contrasted the same way.
- ^ The Basque /e/ is different from any English vowel, but it is usually articulated between the vowel of play (for most English dialects) and the vowel of bed.
- ^ The Basque /o/ is different from any English vowel, but it is usually articulated between the vowel of coat (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw'.
References
- Trask, Larry (1997), The History of Basque, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-13116-2
- Hualde, José Ignacio (1991), Basque Phonology, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05655-1