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Carbon, 00C Carbon Allotropes graphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon) Appearance Black (Graphite) Clear (Diamond) Standard atomic weight Ar°(C) [12.0096, 12.0116] 12.011±0.002 (abridged) Carbon in the periodic table Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson (None) ↑ C ↓ Silicon (Si) Boron (B) ← Carbon → Nitrogen (N) Group group 14 (carbon group) Period period 2 Block   p-block Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p2 Electrons per shell 2,4 Physical properties Phase at STP Solid Melting point 3800 (graphite) K ​(3527 °C, ​6381 °F) Boiling point 4300 K ​(4027 °C, ​7281 °F) Density (near r.t.) amorphous: 1.8 - 2.1 g/cm3 graphite: 2.267 g/cm3 diamond: 3.515 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 117 (graphite) kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 8.517(graphite), 6.155(diamond) J/(mol·K) Atomic properties Oxidation states common: −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.55 Ionization energies (more) Atomic radius empirical: 70 pm calculated: 67 pm Covalent radius 77 pm Van der Waals radius 170 pm Spectral lines of Carbon Other properties Natural occurrence primordial Thermal expansion 0.8 (diamond)  µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 119-165 (graphite) 900-2300 (diamond) W/(m⋅K) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Young's modulus 1050 (diamond)  GPa Shear modulus 478 (diamond)  GPa Bulk modulus 442 (diamond)  GPa Speed of sound thin rod 18350 (diamond) m/s (at 20 °C) Poisson ratio 0.1 (diamond) Mohs hardness 1-2 (Graphite) 10 (Diamond) CAS Number 7440-44-0 Isotopes of Carbon

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