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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) should be applied to represent Mandarin Chinese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Standard Mandarin for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandarin.
| IPA |
Pinyin |
English equivalent
|
| Consonants
|
| b
|
b
|
rubber[1]
|
| ɕ
|
x
|
she
|
| d
|
d
|
rudder[1]
|
| dz
|
z
|
adds[1]
|
| dʑ
|
j
|
edgy[1]
|
| dʐ
|
zh
|
edger[1]
|
| f
|
f
|
fan
|
| j
|
y-, -i-
|
you
|
| k
|
g
|
scan
|
| kʰ
|
k
|
can
|
| l
|
l
|
leaf
|
| m
|
m
|
moon
|
| n
|
n
|
noon
|
| ŋ
|
ng
|
song
|
| p
|
b
|
span
|
| pʰ
|
p
|
pan
|
| ɻ
|
r
|
aria (ends syllable)
|
| s
|
s
|
see
|
| ʂ
|
sh
|
sure
|
| t
|
d
|
stand
|
| tʰ
|
t
|
tan
|
| tɕ
|
j
|
itchy
|
| tɕʰ
|
q
|
cheer
|
| ts
|
z
|
cats
|
| tsʰ
|
c
|
tsunami
|
| tʂ
|
zh
|
pitcher
|
| tʂʰ
|
ch
|
church
|
| w
|
w-, -u-
|
water
|
| x
|
h
|
house or loch
|
| ɥ
|
yu-, -ü-
|
(simultaneous y and w)
|
| ʐ
|
r
|
Zsa Zsa (starts syllable)
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| IPA
|
Examples
|
| Monophthongs
|
| a
|
ă [ɐ]
|
| aː
|
a [ɐː]
|
| e
|
ê
|
| ɛ
|
e
|
| ə
|
â [ɜ]
|
| əː
|
ơ [ɤː]
|
| i
|
i, y
|
| ɨ
|
ư [ɯ]
|
| o
|
ô
|
| ɔ
|
o
|
| u
|
u
|
| IPA
|
Pinyin
|
Description
|
| Tones
|
| ǎ ɤ̌
|
á, é
|
mid rising: ˧˦˥
|
| â ɤ̂
|
à, è
|
high falling: ˥˧˩
|
| á ɤ́
|
ā, ē
|
high: ˥˥
|
| à, ɤ̀
|
ǎ, ě
|
medially, low: ˩˩
initially, mid falling: ˧˨˩
finally, low rising: ˩˨˧
in isolation, dipping: ˨˩˦
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Notes
- ^ a b c d e The voiced consonants [b, d, dz, dʑ, dʐ, ɡ] only occur in toneless syllables
