Help:IPA/Mandinka

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Mandinka on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Mandinka in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mandinka pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Mandinka phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandinka.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English approximation
b	baabaa	beet
tʃ	capatoo	chat
d	dendikoo	duck
f	fee	four
h	haa	happy
dʒ	jatoo	jump
k	kaŋo	kick
l	loolo	love
m	mansa	meet
n	neŋo	not
ɲ	ñiŋ	onion
ŋ	ŋaaji	long
s	saba	sock
t	taamaa	tall
w	wooro	wait
y	yiroo	you
Marginal consonants
ɡ	Gine^[a]	game
p	pompoo^[a]	pizza
r	rafuloo^[b]	rolled r
Stress
ˈ	TBA [ˈTBA] TBA [ˈTBA]	as in commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdiər/
ˌ	TBA [ˈTBA] TBA [ˈTBA]	as in commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdiər/

Vowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
Monophthongs (oral)
a	abaraka	British cat; somewhat like cut in other dialects.
aː	aasoo	similar to father
e	eloo	similar to met
eː	eekaa	square
i	polisie	similar to dip
iː	spieël	deep
ɔ	bot	GA boy
ɔː	môre	story
œ	hut	roughly like book (short)
œː	rûe^[1]	roughly like book (long)
u	hoed, polisie	cool (short)
uː	koeël, moer^[2]	cool (long)
y	nuut	roughly like cute; French tu
yː	uur^[2]	roughly like true; German über

^ ^a ^b /g/ and /p/ are found in French loans.
^ /r/ is only found initially in loans and onomatopoeia. Otherwise it is the intervocalic allophone of /d/.

Notes

^ Cite error: The named reference omrnd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference closelong was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

References

Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993). "1. Pronunciation". A Grammar of Afrikaans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1–35. ISBN 978-3-11-0134261. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
Lass, Roger (1987). "Intradiphthongal Dependencies". In Anderson, John; Durand, Jaques (eds.). Explorations in Dependency Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland. pp. 109–131. ISBN 9067652970. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
Wissing, Daan (2016). "Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory". Taalportaal. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

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Notes

References

See also