Jump to content

Help:IPA/Mandinka

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
< Help:IPA
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by K1RB1L1TY (talk | contribs) at 10:01, 19 October 2024 (gedag). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mandinka pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Mandinka phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandinka.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b baabaa beet
tʃ capatoo chat
d dendikoo duck
f fee four
h haa happy
dʒ jatoo jump
k kaŋo kick
l loolo love
m mansa meet
n eng long
ɲ pen, rib, lip sport
ŋ ras rolled r
s sak, seep sock
t sjabloon, chef shall
w tak, hond stop
y Tsjeggië, tjek chat
Marginal consonants
ɡ Gine[a] game
p pompoo[a] pizza
r rafuloo[b] rolled r
Stress
ˈ TBA [ˈTBA]
TBA [ˈTBA] 		as in commandeer
/ˌkɒmənˈdiər/
ˌ
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Monophthongs (oral)
a bad British cat; somewhat like cut in other dialects.
ɑː aap father
æ ek, bel, reg, blerrie American and Australian back (short)
æː perd, ver, wêreld, bêre American and Australian mad (long)
ɛ met met
ɛː nè, mens, hê modern RP square
ə vis, hemel, vanaand[1] again
əː wîe[2] fur
i polisie deep (short)
iː spieël, bier[3] deep (long)
ɔ bot story (short)
ɔː môre[4] story (long)
œ hut roughly like book (short)
œː rûe[4] roughly like book (long)
u hoed, polisie cool (short)
uː koeël, moer[3] cool (long)
y nuut roughly like cute; French tu
yː uur[3] roughly like true; German über
  1. ^ a b /g/ and /p/ are found in French loans.
  2. ^ /r/ is only found initially in loans and onomatopoeia. Otherwise it is the intervocalic allophone of /d/.

Notes

  1. ^ In words which feature a short vowel preceding its longer form (like in vanaand, tamatie and bobotie), the short vowel is neutralised (Donaldson (1993:4, 6)).
  2. ^ /əː/ occurs in no other word (Donaldson (1993:7)).
  3. ^ a b c As phonemes, /iː/ and /uː/ occur only in spieël and koeël, respectively. In other cases, [iː] and [uː] occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before /r/. /y/ is also lengthened to [yː] before /r/ (Donaldson (1993:4–6)).
  4. ^ a b /œː/ and /ɔː/ occur only in a few words (Donaldson (1993:7).

References

  • Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993). "1. Pronunciation". A Grammar of Afrikaans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1–35. ISBN 978-3-11-0134261. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  • Lass, Roger (1987). "Intradiphthongal Dependencies". In Anderson, John; Durand, Jaques (eds.). Explorations in Dependency Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland. pp. 109–131. ISBN 9067652970. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  • Wissing, Daan (2016). "Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory". Taalportaal. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

See also

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandinka&oldid=1252018117"