Help:IPA/Pashto
< Help:IPA
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Pashto on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Pashto in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Pashto pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Wikipedia transcriptions for Pashto may be either more general and abstract (phonemic), using only the symbols in the IPA column, or more detailed and precise (phonetic), using the symbols explained in the notes.
See Pashto phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Pashto.
| Consonants | Vowels | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Letter | Usual romanization | IPA | English approximation | Letter | Usual romanization | IPA | English approximation |
ب
|
b | /b/ | bed | ا
|
ā | /ɑ, a/ | art |
پ
|
p | /p/ | spit | ع
|
(ā) | /ɑ/ | art |
ت
|
t | /t/ | top | و
|
w, u, o | /w, u, o/ | win, root, old |
ټ
|
ṭ | /ʈ/ | top (retroflex) | ه
|
h, a | /h, a/ | hat, art |
ث
|
(s) | /s/ | see | ۀ
|
ə | /ə/ | comma |
ج
|
ǧ | /d͡ʒ/ | jam | ي
|
y, i | /j, i/ | yes, it |
ځ
|
g, dz | /d͡z/ | lads | ې
|
e | /e/ | egg |
چ
|
č | /t͡ʃ/ | chin | ی
|
ay, y | /ai, j/ | ice, yes |
څ
|
c, ts | /t͡s/ | cats | ۍ
|
əi | /əi/ | price |
ح
|
(h) | /h/ | hat | ئ
|
əi, y | /əi, j/ | price, yes |
خ
|
x | /x/ | Bach (German) | ||||
د
|
d | /d/ | day | ||||
ډ
|
ḍ | /ɖ/ | day (retroflex) | ||||
ﺫ
|
(z) | /z/ | zoo | ||||
ﺭ
|
r | /r/ | run | ||||
ړ
|
ṛ | /ɺ, ɻ, ɽ/ | run (retroflex) | ||||
ﺯ
|
z | /z/ | zoo | ||||
ژ
|
ž | /ʒ/ | pleasure | ||||
ږ
|
ǵ (or ẓ̌) | /ʐ, ʝ, ɡ, ʒ/ | genre | ||||
س
|
s | /s/ | see | ||||
ش
|
š | /ʃ/ | she | ||||
ښ
|
x̌ (or ṣ̌) | /ʂ, ç, x, ʃ/ | she (retroflex) | ||||
ص
|
(s) | /s/ | see | ||||
ض
|
(z) | /z/ | zoo | ||||
ط
|
(t) | /t/ | top | ||||
ظ
|
(z) | /z/ | zoo | ||||
غ
|
ğ | /ɣ/ | back (without voicing) | ||||
ف
|
f | /f/ | fun | ||||
ق
|
q | /q/ | cool (without voicing) | ||||
ک
|
k | /k/ | king | ||||
ګ
|
ģ | /ɡ/ | go | ||||
ل
|
l | /l/ | left | ||||
م
|
m | /m/ | man | ||||
ن
|
n | /n/ | no | ||||
ڼ
|
ṇ | /ɳ/ | no (retroflex) | ||||
ں
|
̃ , ń | /◌̃/ | song | ||||