Help:IPA/Georgian

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Georgian on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Georgian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-KA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Georgian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ka}}, {{IPAc-ka}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Georgian phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Georgian.

Consonants
IPA	Mkhedruli	Asomtavruli	Nuskhuri	Romanization	English approximation
b^[1]	ბ	Ⴁ	ⴁ	b	bash
ɡ^[1]	გ	Ⴂ	ⴂ	g	gate
d^[1]	დ	Ⴃ	ⴃ	d	do
v^[2]	ვ	Ⴅ	ⴅ	v, w	van
z	ზ	Ⴆ	ⴆ	z	zoo
tʰ	თ	Ⴇ	ⴇ	t	table
kʼ	კ	Ⴉ	ⴉ	kʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "k" in sky (ejective)^[3]
l^[4]	ლ	Ⴊ	ⴊ	l	leaf
m	მ	Ⴋ	ⴋ	m	much
n	ნ	Ⴌ	ⴌ	n	not
pʼ	პ	Ⴎ	ⴎ	pʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "p" in spy (ejective)^[3]
ʒ	ჟ	Ⴏ	ⴏ	zh	pleasure
r^[5]	რ	Ⴐ	ⴐ	r	Spanish río
s	ს	Ⴑ	ⴑ	s	sue
tʼ	ტ	Ⴒ	ⴒ	tʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "t" in sty (ejective)^[3]
pʰ	ფ	Ⴔ	ⴔ	p	pan
kʰ	ქ	Ⴕ	ⴕ	k	can
ʁ	ღ	Ⴖ	ⴖ	gh	Guttural R, Scottish English loch, but voiced
χʼ (often referred as q')	ყ	Ⴗ	ⴗ	xʼ	Dakota hã.χʼãna (ejective)^[3]
ʃ	შ	Ⴘ	ⴘ	sh	shoe
tʃʰ	ჩ	Ⴙ	ⴙ	ch	choose
tsʰ	ც	Ⴚ	ⴚ	ts, c	cats
dz	ძ	Ⴛ	ⴛ	dz	pads
tsʼ	წ	Ⴜ	ⴜ	tsʼ, cʼ	Navajo ts'in (ejective)^[3]
tʃʼ	ჭ	Ⴝ	ⴝ	chʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "ch" in question (ejective)^[3]
χ	ხ	Ⴞ	ⴞ	kh, x	Scottish loch; the English exclamation "ugh"
dʒ	ჯ	Ⴟ	ⴟ	j	hedge
h	ჰ	Ⴠ	ⴠ	h	head
Marginal consonants
f^[6]	ჶ	—	—	f	fan
ʔ^[7]	ჸ	—	—		the catch in uh-oh

Vowels
IPA	Mkhedruli	Asomtavruli	Nuskhuri	Romanization	English approximation
a	ა	Ⴀ	ⴀ	a	bra
e	ე	Ⴄ	ⴄ	e	bell
i	ი	Ⴈ	ⴈ	i	feel
o	ო	Ⴍ	ⴍ	o	off
u	უ	Ⴓ	ⴓ	u	moon

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c In word-final position, /b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [pʰ tʰ kʰ].
^ /v/ is realized as [ʷ] after a consonant.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, /t'/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
^ /l/ has two allophones, velarized [ɫ] before back vowels /ɑ, ɔ, u,/ and plain [l] before front vowels /i, ɛ,/
^ Often realized as an alveolar tap [ɾ].
^ [f~ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.
^ [ʔ] occurs as an allophone of /qʼ/ in free variation with [qʼ], [q͡χʼ], and [χʼ].

[:0-1] In word-final position, /b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [pʰ tʰ kʰ].

[2] /v/ is realized as [ʷ] after a consonant.

[ejective-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, /t'/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.

[4] /l/ has two allophones, velarized [ɫ] before back vowels /ɑ, ɔ, u,/ and plain [l] before front vowels /i, ɛ,/

[5] Often realized as an alveolar tap [ɾ].

[6] [f~ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.

[7] [ʔ] occurs as an allophone of /qʼ/ in free variation with [qʼ], [q͡χʼ], and [χʼ].

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