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Help:IPA/Georgian

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 2a01:e0a:4d8:c490:d05d:da3b:2dec:c787 (talk) at 18:25, 24 August 2022 (consonants). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Georgian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ka}}, {{IPAc-ka}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Georgian phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Georgian.

Consonants
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
b[1] b bash
ɡ g gate
d d do
v v, w van
z z zoo
t table
Navajo 'ak' (ejective) [2]
l l leaf
m m much
n n not
Zulu impipi (ejective)[2]
ʒ zh pleasure
r r Spanish río
s s sue
Navajo at'ééd (ejective)[2]
p pan
k can
ʁ gh French rester
χʼ (often referred as q') Dakota hã.χʼãna (ejective)[2]
ʃ sh shoe
tʃʰ ch choose
tsʰ ts, c cats
dz dz pads
tsʼ tsʼ, cʼ Navajo ts'in (ejective)[2]
tʃʼ chʼ Navajo ch'ah (ejective)[2]
χ kh, x Scottish loch
j hedge
h h head
Marginal consonants
f[3] f fan
j y yell
q yell
ʔ[4] the catch in uh-oh
Vowels
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
ɑ a bra
ɛ e bell
i i feel
ɔ o off
u u moon
Marginal vowels
ə[5]
ē
ō
w w we

Notes

  1. ^ In word-final position, /b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [ ].
  2. ^ a b c d e f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, /t'/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
  3. ^ [f~ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.
  4. ^ [ʔ] occurs as an allophone of // in free variation with [], [q͡χʼ], and [χʼ].
  5. ^ A phonetic [ə] may be inserted to break up consonant clusters, as in /dɡɑs/ [dəɡɑs].[1]