Help:IPA/Kinyarwanda
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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Kinyarwanda pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-sw}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
| Consonants | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | English approximation |
| b | imbwa [imbgɑ] 'dog' | bill |
| β | abantu [ɑβɑnhu] 'people' | somewhat like van |
| c | ikibwana [icibgɑnɑ] 'puppy'
icyaha [icɑhɑ] 'crime' gupyonyora [gupcoɲoɾɑ] 'to scrub' |
cue |
| ç | kubeshya [kuβeçɑ] 'to lie' | hue |
| d | kudoda [kudodɑ] 'to sew' | delta |
| f | hafi [hɑfi] 'near' | focus |
| g | gusa [gusɑ] 'only'
imbwa [imbgɑ] 'dog' |
gag |
| h | guha [guhɑ] 'to give'
impanga [imhɑŋgɑ] 'twin' intama [inhɑmɑ] 'sheep' inka [iŋhɑ] 'cow' |
ahead |
| j | yuko [juko] 'whether' | yellow |
| ɟ | igitabo [iɟitɑbo] 'book'
kujya [kuɟɑ] 'to go' ibyondo [ibɟondo] 'mud' |
argue |
| k | kugwa [kugwɑ] 'to fall'
gukoropwa [gukoɾopka] 'to be mopped' |
scald |
| m | mama [mɑmɑ] 'mom' | mocha |
| n | na [nɑ] 'and' | ninny |
| ɲ | nyuma [ɲumɑ] 'after'
imyaku [imɲɑku] 'bad luck' |
canyon |
| ŋ | kwanga [kwɑŋgɑ] 'to hate'
umwana [umŋɑnɑ] 'child' |
sing |
| p | fotokopi [fotokopi] 'photocopy' | spill |
| pf | gupfa [gupfɑ] 'to die' | up front |
| ɾ | kugura [kuguɾɑ] 'to buy' | N. Am. and Australian better, Scots three |
| s | isaha [isɑhɑ] 'hour' | stole |
| ʃ | isha [iʃɑ] 'gazelle' | shell |
| t | amata [ɑmɑtɑ] 'milk' | stand |
| ts | kotsa [kotsɑ] 'to burn' | outside |
| tʃ | kwica [kwiʃɑ] 'to kill' | chase |
| v | kumva [kumvɑ] 'to hear' | very |
| w | kwica [kwitʃɑ] 'to kill' | with |
| z | kubaza [kuβɑzɑ] 'to ask' | zoo |
| ʒ | ejo [eʒo] 'yesterday, tomorrow' | genre |
| Vowels | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | English approximation |
| ɑ | isaha [isɑhɑ] 'hour' | father |
| e | kubeshya [kuβeçɑ] 'to lie' | late |
| i | igitabo [iɟitɑbo] 'book' | meat |
| o | kotsa [kotsɑ] 'to burn' | bowl |
| u | gupfa [gupfɑ] 'to die' | fool |
| Suprasegmentals | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | Explanation |
Notes
Bibliography
- Kimenyi, Alexandre (1979), Studies in Kinyarwanda and Bantu Phonology, Carbondale IL & Edmonton (Canada): Linguistic Research Inc.