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{{Infobox Company
== Beschreibung, Quelle ==
| company_name = GT Interactive
{{Information
| company_logo = [[Image:GT Interactive Logo.jpg||180 px]]
|Beschreibung = Die große Kneipe auf dem Haus der [[Burschenschaft Holzminda]] in Göttingen
|Quelle = selbst gescannt
| vector_logo =
| company_type = Predecessor to [[Atari, Inc.]]
|Urheber = unbekannt
|Datum = entstanden um 1910
| genre =
| foundation = [[1993 in video games|1993]]
|Genehmigung = vor über 100 Jahren entstanden, Quelle unbekannt
| founder = Ron Chaimowitz<ref name="MastersOfDoom">{{cite book |last=Kushner |first=David |authorlink=David Kushner |title=[[Masters of Doom]] |format=paperback |accessdate=2007-10-17 |year=2003|publisher=[[Random House]] |language=English |isbn=0-8129-7215-5}}</ref> and the Cayre Family
|Andere Versionen =
| location_city = {{Flagicon|USA}} [[New York, NY]]
|Anmerkungen =
| location_country = [[USA]]
| origins = [[New York]]
| key_people = Cayre Family and CEO Ron Chaimowitz
| area_served = World
| industry = [[Interactive Entertainment]]
| products = [[Unreal Tournament]], [[Mortal Kombat III]], [[Doom II]], [[Quake]]
| revenue = {{loss}}$408 million (1999)<ref name="3wu">[http://www.secinfo.com/$/SEC/Filing.asp?T=svr4.5174_3wu SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 12/31/99, As Of 2/14/00 - Table in Document 1 of 2 - 10-Q - Gt Interactive Software Corp<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| operating_income = {{loss}}{{red|$-267 million}} (1999)<ref name="3wu"/><ref name="s_52cq">[http://www.secinfo.com/$/SEC/Filing.asp?T=svr4.65Ts_52cq SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99, On 6/29/99 - Table in Document 1 of 9 - 10-K - Gt Interactive Software Corp<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| net_income = {{loss}}{{red|$-254 million}} (1999)<ref name="s_52cq"/><ref name="3wu"/>
| num_employees = 1,168 (August, 1999) <ref name="65Ts">[http://www.secinfo.com/dsvr4.65Ts.htm SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| parent =
| subsid = [[Humongous Entertainment]], [[Legend Entertainment]], [[Reflections Interactive]], [[Cavedog Entertainment]]
| owner = [[NASDAQ]] traded
| company_slogan =
| homepage =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''GT Interactive''' ('''Good Times'''<ref name="MastersOfDoom"/> or '''GTI'''<ref name="MastersOfDoom"/>) was an [[United States|American]] video game publisher and distributor, which later became also a developer of [[video games]] and [[PC games]]. Founded in 1993, it ceased to exist in December 1999.
== Lizenz ==
==History==
{{Bild-PD-alt-100}}
===1993 - GT Interactive is founded===


GT Interactive was founded in [[1993]] as a division of Good Times Home Video, a video-tape distributor owned by the Cayre family. First year's revenue reached $10.3 million.<ref name="BW">[http://www.businessweek.com/1996/36/b349199.htm 09/02/96 LOTS OF "DOOM" BUT NO GLOOM<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
[[Kategorie:Datei:Göttingen]]

[[Kategorie:Datei:Studentenverbindung (Göttingen)]]
[[Doom (video game)|Doom]] was released, it sold 2.9 million copies.<ref>[http://www.justadventure.com/articles/What_Was_That/What_Was_That.shtm Now What Was That GT and Hasbro Were Saying<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> But GT Interactive didn't publish [[Doom (video game)|Doom]] exclusively.

===1994 - 880% revenue growth===

GT Interactive revenue soared 880% and reached $101 million on its second year of existence and profits reached $18 million.<ref>[http://www.secinfo.com/$/SEC/Filing.asp?T=svr4.65Ts_1qyz SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99, On 6/29/99 - Table in Document 1 of 9 - 10-K - Gt Interactive Software Corp<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> GT Interactive's partnership with [[id Software]] scored another hit with [[Doom II: Hell on Earth]], which was released in October and sold over 2 million copies.

===1995 - GT Interactive's IPO===
In February, GTIS obtained the publishing rights to games based on [[Mercer Mayer]] property, which included [[Little Critter]] and [[Little Monster]].<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/GT+INTERACTIVE+REPORTS+RECORD+SECOND+QUARTER+REVENUES%3B+Publishing...-a018547655 GT INTERACTIVE REPORTS RECORD SECOND QUARTER REVENUES; Publishing Business Increases Nearly 300 Percent. - Free Online Library<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> GT Interactive began to set up displays at [[K-Mart]] and [[Wal-Mart]] for low cost software.<ref>[http://www.secinfo.com/dsvr4.83wj.htm SEC Info - Atari Inc - POS AM - On 5/1/97<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

GTIS signed with [[Wal Mart]] an exclusive software supplier agreement,<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3092/is_n19_v34/ai_17530287 Software tops retailers' sales growth list for '94/'96 - Hot Growth Categories | Discount Store News | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, that meant according to [[UBS]] Securities analyst Michael Wallace: "All software developers have to deal with GT if they want to sell in a Wal-Mart."<ref name="BW"/>

In December, GT Interactive debuted on [[Nasdaq]], its IPO raised $140 million and was one the biggest IPOs of the year only losing to the IPO of [[Netscape]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Oct_27/ai_56954514 GT Interactive Co-founder Named CEO of The Auction Channel — Ron Chaimowitz to Lead U.S. Launch and Global Roll-out of The Auction Channel Programming | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name="caselaw">[http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=2nd&navby=case&no=007005&exact=1 FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>GT Interactive Software Corporation was listed on [[Nasdaq]] as GTIS.<ref name="86Pa">[http://www.secinfo.com/dsvr4.86Pa.htm SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 6/30/97<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

GT Interactive offered 10 million shares to the public at $14 each.<ref name="caselaw"/> During GT Interactive's IPO, Appellee Cayre sold more than 1.4 million shares, 9.2% of his shares, for a $20 million return.<ref name="caselaw"/>

GTIS reported a strong revenue growth of 134% in the year to $234.4 million, but in the first sign of trouble ahead profits increase a meager 23% to $22.6 million.<ref name="65Ts"/>

===1996 - Humongous Entertainment is acquired ===

In January, GT Interactive obtained the publish rights for the highly antecipated [[Quake]] from [[id Software]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1996_Jan_11/ai_17776763 GT Interactive Software signs id Software's highly anticipated 'QUAKE'; GT to Publish 'Quake' for all gaming hardware systems | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In February, GTIS and [[target (store)|Target]] signed an agreement in which GT Interactive became the primary consumer software supplier to all Target's 675 stores.<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/GT+Interactive+and+Target+Stores+enter+distribution+agreement%3B+GT...-a017963881. GT Interactive and Target Stores enter distribution agreement; GT Interactive to Become Primary Software Vendor to More Than 600 Target Stores Nationwide. - Free Online Library<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In June 1996 GTIS acquired [[WizardWorks]], which developed [[Deer Hunter]], for 2.4 million shares and [[FormGen]], which had the publishing rights of [[Duke Nukem]], for 1 million shares<ref name="86Pa"/> or $17 million.<ref>[http://dukenukem.typepad.com/game_matters/2003/12/royalties_and_a.html Game Matters: Royal tease<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

[[Quake]] was also released in June by GT Interactive for [[PC game]]. [[Quake]] sold 1.8 million copies and became a classic [[PC game]].<ref>[http://www.justadventure.com/articles/What_Was_That/What_Was_That.shtm Now What Was That GT and Hasbro Were Saying<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In July, the game developer [[Humongous Entertainment]] was bought by GT Interactive for 3.5 million shares or $76 million<ref name="bizj">[http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/1996/07/15/story5.html Humongous lives up to name with $76 million sale - Puget Sound Business Journal (Seattle):<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. In 1995, [[Humongous Entertainment]]'s revenue had risen to $10 million an increase of 233% over 1994's revenue of $3 million.<ref name="bizj"/> The deal gave GT Interactive rights to successful children's software titles such as [[Putt-Putt]] and Freddie the Fish.

In November, GTIS acquired Warner Interactive Europe for $6.3 million in cash, with this acquisition GTIS gained access to software markets in Western Europe.<ref name="86Pa"/>

In a further sign of uncertainty about GT's future, GTIS, for the year, reported a net income increase of only 11% over the previous year to $25.1 million. Revenue growth also decelerated to 56%, revenue for the year was $365 million. Making matters worse, net income in the fourth quarter reduced 16.8% to $8.5 million when compared to 1995's fourth quarter.<ref name="65Ts"/>

===1997 - $530 million in revenues but $25 million net loss ===

In January, GT bought [[One Stop]], a European value software publisher, for $800,000 in cash.<ref name="86Pa"/>

In June, GTIS signed adeal with [[MTV]], the deal gave GTIS the rights to publish games based on [[Beavis and Butt-head]] and [[Aeon Flux]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_June_18/ai_19518846 GT Interactive and MTV: Music Television announce global multi-title publishing agreement | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

On October, GTIS bought game developer [[SingleTrac]] for $14.7 million, $5.4 million in cash and $9.3 million in stock. [[SingleTrac]] owned and developed such games as [[Twisted Metal]] and [[Jet Moto]].<ref name="SI5174">[http://www.secinfo.com/dsvr4.5174.htm SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 12/31/99<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In September game developer [[Cavedog Entertainment]] made its first release, [[Total Annihilation]]<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/pages/tags/index.php?type=game&tags=cavedog cavedog - GameSpot<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, which sold more than 1 million copies.<ref name="65Ts"/> [[Cavedog Entertainment]] was a divisision of [[Humongous Entertainment]]<ref>[http://www.mobygames.com/company/cavedog-entertainment MobyGames - Cavedog Entertainment<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

On October 5th 1997, GTIS announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire [[MicroProse]] for $250 million in stock, the deal had even been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors of both companies. The deal was expected to be completed by the end of that year.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_Oct_5/ai_19817403 GT Interactive to Expand as World's Fastest Growing Interactive Entertainment Company Through Acquisition of MicroProse | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F03E6DB103DF935A35753C1A961958260 $250 Million Stock Deal for Microprose - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

But on December 5th the acquisition was cancelled, according to both CEOs "''the time is simply not right"'' for the deal. [[MicroProse]]'s stock plummeted after the announcement of the deal's cancellation.<ref>[http://www.cbronline.com/article_cg.asp?guid=99237717-6B91-4283-9EC4-3338CE1B46B0 MICROPROSE AND GT INTERACTIVE CALL OFF MERGER - Computer Business Review<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9404E5DD1E3DF935A35751C1A961958260 Company News; Microprose And Gt Interactive End Merger Talks - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

GTIS's result was negatively affected because GTIS stopped being the exclusive computer software distributor to [[Wal Mart]] in March, [[Wal Mart]] decided to buy its software directly form the publishers.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5057/is_199703/ai_n18409474 GT Interactive loses ground at Wal-Mart. (GT Interactive Software; retail company) | Video Business | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In 1997 GT Interactive's share of the Entertainment software market reached a historical low of 6.4% down from the record highs of 9% and 10% years earlier. GT Interactive was leader only on the arcade/action category, with a 20.3% market share. Making matters worse, GT Interactive also had a high debt/equity ratio of 41%, Electronic Arts had a debt/equity ratio of just 8%. For 1997 GTIS's return on equity was a dismal -16.14%.<ref>http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/parkercenter/docs/studentresearch/1998_spring/erts.pdf</ref> For the year, GTIS 's revenue growth continued to decelerate, increased only 45% to $530 million.<ref name="Honcho">[http://www.atnewyork.com/news/article.php/249211 Gt Interactive Hires Disney Honcho, Raises Cash<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> GT Interactive posted its first net loss, during 1997 GTIS lost $25 million.<ref name="65Ts"/>

===1998 - Revenue growth falls to 10% ===

In May, [[Epic Games]]'s [[Unreal]] was published by GT Interactive, in the first 10 months over 800,000 copies were sold. Coincidentally [[Deer Hunter]] II, which was released in October also sold 800,000 copies.<ref name="65Ts"/>

In November, GTIS bought for $17.2 million in stock One Zero Media, becoming the first game publisher to own an entertainment Internet website.<ref name="SI5174"/>

[[Legend Entertainment]] was acquired for around $2 million,<ref name="SI5174"/> while [[Reflections Interactive]] was acquired for 2.3 million shares or $13.5 million.<ref name="SI5174"/> Both companies were bought in December of [[1998 in video gaming|1998]].<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Game-Design-Second-Bob-Bates/dp/1592004938 Amazon.com: Game Design, Second Edition: Books: Bob Bates<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In the fourth quarter of 1998 GT Interactive posted a net income of $16.7 million on revenues of $246.3 million.<ref name="3wu"/> For the year, GT Interactive reported revenues were almost flat rising 10% to $584 million but GT Interactive swung into black by posting a $20.3 million net income.<ref name="65Ts"/><ref name="3wu"/> Results with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 1998.

===1999 - Infogrames buys GT Interactive===

The year of 1999 brought bad news for GT Interactive's shareholders, it posted first quarter losses of $90 million due to restructuring costs.<ref name="65Ts"/> In February, in light of the bad results CEO Ron Chaimowitz was replaced.<ref name="Honcho"/>

Games sales in 1999 fell in comparison to 1998, this fact had dire consequences on GTIS's finances. In April, GTIS predicted for 2000 a first quarter loss of $55 million on revenues of around just $95 million. A failure to release 5 major games and a planned relocation to [[Los Angeles]] added to the losses.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_1999_April_13/ai_54373559 GT Interactive Predicts Q4 Loss, Cuts 650 Jobs - Company Financial Information | Computergram International | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In June, GTIS announced it had hired [[Bear Stearns]] to look into the possibility of either a merger or a sale of the company and in October GT Interactive fired 35% of its workforce or 650 employees mostly from its distribution section.<ref name="NYT">[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE2D9133DF935A25752C1A96F958260 Infogrames Gets Control of GT Interactive - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In June [[Reflections Interactive|Reflection's]] [[Driver (game)|Driver]] was released it sold approximately 1 million copies.<ref name="65Ts"/> In July One Zero Media was sold for $5.2 million in cash, just six months after it was purchased.<ref name="SI5174"/>

In November 16, [[Infogrames]] announced that it was buying for $135 million 70% of GT Interactive, [[Infogrames]] assumed the new subsidiary's $75 million bank debt and had invested $30 million at GT Interactive by June 2000.<ref name="NYT"/>

Ten days later GT Interactive made one of its last releases, the classic [[Unreal Tournament]] which went on to sell more than 1 million copies.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pwwi/is_200008/ai_mark15014824 Infogrames Unleashes Unreal Tournament: Game Of The Year Edition To The Mass Market This Fall | Market Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

[[Infogrames|IESA]]'s acquisition came just in time because GT Interactive's 1999 result were dismal. Revenues fell 30% to $408 million in 1999 and GT Interactive posted a net loss of $254 million for 1999. <ref name="s_52cq"/><ref name="3wu"/> Results with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 1999.

On December 16th the deal was consummated and GT Interactive was no more, it became Infogrames, Inc., a subsidiary of [[Infogrames|IESA]].<ref name="65Ts"/>

GT Interactive became Infogrames, Inc, then '''Atari, Inc''' in 2003.<ref>http://corporate.infogrames.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/DOCDEREF05_06GB.pdf</ref>And IESA has since retired the GT Interactive brand.

==Games published==
===Game Boy===
*''[[Beavis and Butt-head (video game)|Beavis and Butt-Head]]''
*''[[Oddworld Adventures]]''

===Game Boy Color===
*''[[Duke Nukem (Game Boy Color)|Duke Nukem]]''
*''[[Oddworld Adventures 2]]''

===Macintosh===
*''[[9: The Last Resort]]''
*''[[Bedlam]]''
*''[[Blood (computer game)|Blood]]''
*''[[Doom II]]''
*''[[Hexen]]''
*''[[Ice and Fire]]''
*''[[Lode Runner: The Legend Returns]]''
*''[[Lode Runner 2]]''
*''[[Rocky Mountain Trophy Hunter]]''
*''[[ZPC]]''

===Nintendo 64===
*''[[40 Winks]]''
*''[[7th Legion]]''
*''[[DethKarz]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem 64]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem: Zero Hour]]''
*''[[Hexen]]''
*''[[Mike Piazza's StrikeZone]]''
*''[[Unreal N64]]''

===PC===
*''[[1602 A.D.]]''
*''[[9: The Last Resort]]''
*''[[AHX-1]]''
*''[[Amok (video game)|Amok]]''
*''[[Animorphs]]''
*''[[Area 51 (arcade game)|Area 51]]'' (Arcade)
*''[[Beavis and Butt-Head DO U]]''
*''[[Beavis and Butt-Head: Bunghole in One]]''
*''[[Bedlam]]''
*''[[Blood (computer game)|Blood]]''
*''[[Blood: Plasma Pak]]''
*''[[Blood 2: Nightmare Levels Expansion]]''
*''[[Blood II: The Chosen]]''
*''[[Bug Riders]]''
*''[[Carnivores (game)]]''
*''[[Chasm: The Rift]]''
*''[[Clans]]''
*''[[Dark Vengeance]]''
*''[[Deep Sea Trophy Fishing]]''
*''[[Deer Hunter 2]]''
*''[[Disciples: Sacred Lands]]''
*''[[Discworld Noir]]''
*''[[Doom II]]''
*''[[Driver: You Are The Wheelman|Driver]]''
*''[[Duke Nuclear Winter]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem 3D#Plutonium PAK/Atomic Edition|Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem 3D: Kill-A-Ton Collection]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem: Planet of the Babes]]''
*''[[Hordes]]''
*''[[Ice and Fire]]''
*''[[Imperium Galactica]]''
*''[[Imperium Galactica II|Imperium Galactica II: Alliances]]''
*''[[Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds]]''
*''[[Locus]]''
*''[[Lode Runner 2]]''
*''[[Mage Slayer]]''
*''[[Man of War II: Chains of Command]]''
*''[[Master Levels for Doom II]]''
*''[[M.I.A.: Missing In Action]]''
*''[[Nam]]''
*''[[Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus]]''
*''[[Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee]]''
*''[[Powerslide]]''
*''[[Pro Bass Fishing]]''
*''[[Quake]]''
*''[[Ravage DCX]]''
*''[[Rebel Moon Revolution]]''
*''[[Rebel Moon Rising]]''
*''[[Robotron X]]''
*''[[Rocky Mountain Trophy Hunter]]''
*''[[Rocky Mountain Trophy Hunter 2]]''
*''[[S.P.Q.R.: The Empire's Darkest Hour]]''
*''[[Sensible Soccer '98]]''
*''[[Shadow Warrior]]''
*''[[Snowmobile Championship 2000]]''
*''[[Snowmobile Racing]]''
*''[[Star Command: Revolution]]''
*''[[SuperKarts]]''
*''[[Swamp Buggy Racing]]''
*''[[The Wheel of Time (video game)|The Wheel of Time]]''
*''[[Tiger Shark (game)|Tiger Shark]]''
*''[[Tides of War(1999)]]''
*''[[Total Annihilation]]''
*''[[Total Annihilation: Battle Tactics]]''
*''[[Total Annihilation: The Core Contingency]]''
*''[[Totally Unreal]]''
*''[[Trans Am Racing]]''
*''[[Trophy Hunter]]''
*''[[Unreal]]''
*''[[Unreal|Unreal Mission Pack: Return to Na Pali]]''
*''[[Unreal Tournament]]''
*''[[WWII GI]]''
*''[[Wheel of Time: The Video Game]]''
*''[[World War II: GI]]''
*''[[XS]]''
*''[[Z Expansion]]''
*''[[ZPC]]''

===PlayStation===
*''[[40 Winks]]''
*''[[Beavis and Butt-Head: Get Big in Hollywood]]''
*''[[Bedlam]]''
*''[[Bug Riders]]''
*''[[Courier Crisis]]''
*''[[Critical Depth]]''
*''[[Dead Ball Zone]]''
*''[[Discworld Noir]]''
*''[[Driver: You Are The Wheelman|Driver]]''
*''[[Driver 2]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem: Land of the Babes]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem: Time to Kill]]''
*''[[Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown]]''
*''[[Hexen]]''
*''[[Invasion From Beyond]]''
*''[[Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus]]''
*''[[Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee]]''
*''[[Rebel Moon]]''
*''[[Rogue Trip: Vacation 2012]]''
*''[[Sensible Soccer 2000]]''
*''[[Streak: Hoverboard Racing]]''
*''[[Tiger Shark (game)|Tiger Shark]]''
*''[[Trash It!]]''
*''[[Youngblood (game)|Youngblood]]''
*''[[Z (computer game)|Z]]''

===Sega Saturn===
*''[[Doom (video game)|Doom]]''
*''[[Hexen]]''
*''[[Z (computer game)|Z]]''

==Games developed==
===Macintosh===
*''[[Seventeen Style Studio]]''

===PC===
*''[[AHX-1]]''
*''[[Bedlam]]''
*''[[Hordes]]''
*''[[S.P.Q.R.: The Empire's Darkest Hour]]''
*''[[Seventeen Style Studio]]''
*''[[Snowmobile Championship 2000]]''
*''[[Tag Team Wrestling]]''

===PlayStation===
*''[[Beavis and Butt-Head: Get Big in Hollywood]]''
*''[[Tiger Shark (game)|Tiger Shark]]''
*''[[Rogue Trip: Vacation 2012]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}
*[mailto:cecile.sornay@atari.com Cécile Sornay]. "[http://corporate.infogrames.com/history.html The History of Atari, Inc. and its majority shareholder, Infogrames Entertainment SA (IESA)]." ''[http://corporate.infogrames.com/ Atari Official Corporate Site]''. Accessed on [[April 21]], [[2005]].
</div>
==External links==
* [http://www.atari.com/us/ Official website]
* [http://games.ign.com/objects/025/025028.html Games by GT Interactive]
* [http://www.the-underdogs.info/company.php?id=185 GT Interactive at] [[Home of the Underdogs]]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/company/atari-inc GT Interactive at MobyGames]

[[Category:Defunct video game companies]]
[[Category:Defunct companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:1999 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Entertainment Software Association]]
[[Category:Home computer software companies]]

[[de:GT Interactive]]
[[es:GT Interactive]]
[[fr:GT Interactive]]
[[it:GT Interactive]]
[[fi:GT Interactive]]

Version vom 6. Februar 2008, 22:42 Uhr

Vorlage:Infobox Company GT Interactive (Good Times[1] or GTI[1]) was an American video game publisher and distributor, which later became also a developer of video games and PC games. Founded in 1993, it ceased to exist in December 1999.

History

1993 - GT Interactive is founded

GT Interactive was founded in 1993 as a division of Good Times Home Video, a video-tape distributor owned by the Cayre family. First year's revenue reached $10.3 million.[2]

Doom was released, it sold 2.9 million copies.[3] But GT Interactive didn't publish Doom exclusively.

1994 - 880% revenue growth

GT Interactive revenue soared 880% and reached $101 million on its second year of existence and profits reached $18 million.[4] GT Interactive's partnership with id Software scored another hit with Doom II: Hell on Earth, which was released in October and sold over 2 million copies.

1995 - GT Interactive's IPO

In February, GTIS obtained the publishing rights to games based on Mercer Mayer property, which included Little Critter and Little Monster.[5] GT Interactive began to set up displays at K-Mart and Wal-Mart for low cost software.[6]

GTIS signed with Wal Mart an exclusive software supplier agreement,[7], that meant according to UBS Securities analyst Michael Wallace: "All software developers have to deal with GT if they want to sell in a Wal-Mart."[2]

In December, GT Interactive debuted on Nasdaq, its IPO raised $140 million and was one the biggest IPOs of the year only losing to the IPO of Netscape.[8][9]GT Interactive Software Corporation was listed on Nasdaq as GTIS.[10]

GT Interactive offered 10 million shares to the public at $14 each.[9] During GT Interactive's IPO, Appellee Cayre sold more than 1.4 million shares, 9.2% of his shares, for a $20 million return.[9]

GTIS reported a strong revenue growth of 134% in the year to $234.4 million, but in the first sign of trouble ahead profits increase a meager 23% to $22.6 million.[11]

1996 - Humongous Entertainment is acquired

In January, GT Interactive obtained the publish rights for the highly antecipated Quake from id Software.[12] In February, GTIS and Target signed an agreement in which GT Interactive became the primary consumer software supplier to all Target's 675 stores.[13]

In June 1996 GTIS acquired WizardWorks, which developed Deer Hunter, for 2.4 million shares and FormGen, which had the publishing rights of Duke Nukem, for 1 million shares[10] or $17 million.[14]

Quake was also released in June by GT Interactive for PC game. Quake sold 1.8 million copies and became a classic PC game.[15]

In July, the game developer Humongous Entertainment was bought by GT Interactive for 3.5 million shares or $76 million[16]. In 1995, Humongous Entertainment's revenue had risen to $10 million an increase of 233% over 1994's revenue of $3 million.[16] The deal gave GT Interactive rights to successful children's software titles such as Putt-Putt and Freddie the Fish.

In November, GTIS acquired Warner Interactive Europe for $6.3 million in cash, with this acquisition GTIS gained access to software markets in Western Europe.[10]

In a further sign of uncertainty about GT's future, GTIS, for the year, reported a net income increase of only 11% over the previous year to $25.1 million. Revenue growth also decelerated to 56%, revenue for the year was $365 million. Making matters worse, net income in the fourth quarter reduced 16.8% to $8.5 million when compared to 1995's fourth quarter.[11]

1997 - $530 million in revenues but $25 million net loss

In January, GT bought One Stop, a European value software publisher, for $800,000 in cash.[10]

In June, GTIS signed adeal with MTV, the deal gave GTIS the rights to publish games based on Beavis and Butt-head and Aeon Flux.[17]

On October, GTIS bought game developer SingleTrac for $14.7 million, $5.4 million in cash and $9.3 million in stock. SingleTrac owned and developed such games as Twisted Metal and Jet Moto.[18] In September game developer Cavedog Entertainment made its first release, Total Annihilation[19], which sold more than 1 million copies.[11] Cavedog Entertainment was a divisision of Humongous Entertainment[20]

On October 5th 1997, GTIS announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire MicroProse for $250 million in stock, the deal had even been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors of both companies. The deal was expected to be completed by the end of that year.[21][22]

But on December 5th the acquisition was cancelled, according to both CEOs "the time is simply not right" for the deal. MicroProse's stock plummeted after the announcement of the deal's cancellation.[23][24]

GTIS's result was negatively affected because GTIS stopped being the exclusive computer software distributor to Wal Mart in March, Wal Mart decided to buy its software directly form the publishers.[25]

In 1997 GT Interactive's share of the Entertainment software market reached a historical low of 6.4% down from the record highs of 9% and 10% years earlier. GT Interactive was leader only on the arcade/action category, with a 20.3% market share. Making matters worse, GT Interactive also had a high debt/equity ratio of 41%, Electronic Arts had a debt/equity ratio of just 8%. For 1997 GTIS's return on equity was a dismal -16.14%.[26] For the year, GTIS 's revenue growth continued to decelerate, increased only 45% to $530 million.[27] GT Interactive posted its first net loss, during 1997 GTIS lost $25 million.[11]

1998 - Revenue growth falls to 10%

In May, Epic Games's Unreal was published by GT Interactive, in the first 10 months over 800,000 copies were sold. Coincidentally Deer Hunter II, which was released in October also sold 800,000 copies.[11]

In November, GTIS bought for $17.2 million in stock One Zero Media, becoming the first game publisher to own an entertainment Internet website.[18]

Legend Entertainment was acquired for around $2 million,[18] while Reflections Interactive was acquired for 2.3 million shares or $13.5 million.[18] Both companies were bought in December of 1998.[28]

In the fourth quarter of 1998 GT Interactive posted a net income of $16.7 million on revenues of $246.3 million.[29] For the year, GT Interactive reported revenues were almost flat rising 10% to $584 million but GT Interactive swung into black by posting a $20.3 million net income.[11][29] Results with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 1998.

1999 - Infogrames buys GT Interactive

The year of 1999 brought bad news for GT Interactive's shareholders, it posted first quarter losses of $90 million due to restructuring costs.[11] In February, in light of the bad results CEO Ron Chaimowitz was replaced.[27]

Games sales in 1999 fell in comparison to 1998, this fact had dire consequences on GTIS's finances. In April, GTIS predicted for 2000 a first quarter loss of $55 million on revenues of around just $95 million. A failure to release 5 major games and a planned relocation to Los Angeles added to the losses.[30] In June, GTIS announced it had hired Bear Stearns to look into the possibility of either a merger or a sale of the company and in October GT Interactive fired 35% of its workforce or 650 employees mostly from its distribution section.[31]

In June Reflection's Driver was released it sold approximately 1 million copies.[11] In July One Zero Media was sold for $5.2 million in cash, just six months after it was purchased.[18]

In November 16, Infogrames announced that it was buying for $135 million 70% of GT Interactive, Infogrames assumed the new subsidiary's $75 million bank debt and had invested $30 million at GT Interactive by June 2000.[31]

Ten days later GT Interactive made one of its last releases, the classic Unreal Tournament which went on to sell more than 1 million copies.[32]

IESA's acquisition came just in time because GT Interactive's 1999 result were dismal. Revenues fell 30% to $408 million in 1999 and GT Interactive posted a net loss of $254 million for 1999. [33][29] Results with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 1999.

On December 16th the deal was consummated and GT Interactive was no more, it became Infogrames, Inc., a subsidiary of IESA.[11]

GT Interactive became Infogrames, Inc, then Atari, Inc in 2003.[34]And IESA has since retired the GT Interactive brand.

Games published

Game Boy

Game Boy Color

Macintosh

Nintendo 64

PC

PlayStation

Sega Saturn

Games developed

Macintosh

PC

PlayStation

References

Vorlage:Reflist

de:GT Interactive

  1. ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen MastersOfDoom.
  2. ↑ a b 09/02/96 LOTS OF "DOOM" BUT NO GLOOM
  3. ↑ Now What Was That GT and Hasbro Were Saying
  4. ↑ SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99, On 6/29/99 - Table in Document 1 of 9 - 10-K - Gt Interactive Software Corp
  5. ↑ GT INTERACTIVE REPORTS RECORD SECOND QUARTER REVENUES; Publishing Business Increases Nearly 300 Percent. - Free Online Library
  6. ↑ SEC Info - Atari Inc - POS AM - On 5/1/97
  7. ↑ Software tops retailers' sales growth list for '94/'96 - Hot Growth Categories | Discount Store News | Find Articles at BNET.com
  8. ↑ GT Interactive Co-founder Named CEO of The Auction Channel — Ron Chaimowitz to Lead U.S. Launch and Global Roll-out of The Auction Channel Programming | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com
  9. ↑ a b c FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
  10. ↑ a b c d SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 6/30/97
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen 65Ts.
  12. ↑ GT Interactive Software signs id Software's highly anticipated 'QUAKE'; GT to Publish 'Quake' for all gaming hardware systems | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com
  13. ↑ GT Interactive and Target Stores enter distribution agreement; GT Interactive to Become Primary Software Vendor to More Than 600 Target Stores Nationwide. - Free Online Library
  14. ↑ Game Matters: Royal tease
  15. ↑ Now What Was That GT and Hasbro Were Saying
  16. ↑ a b Humongous lives up to name with $76 million sale - Puget Sound Business Journal (Seattle):
  17. ↑ GT Interactive and MTV: Music Television announce global multi-title publishing agreement | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com
  18. ↑ a b c d e SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 12/31/99
  19. ↑ cavedog - GameSpot
  20. ↑ MobyGames - Cavedog Entertainment
  21. ↑ GT Interactive to Expand as World's Fastest Growing Interactive Entertainment Company Through Acquisition of MicroProse | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com
  22. ↑ $250 Million Stock Deal for Microprose - New York Times
  23. ↑ MICROPROSE AND GT INTERACTIVE CALL OFF MERGER - Computer Business Review
  24. ↑ Company News; Microprose And Gt Interactive End Merger Talks - New York Times
  25. ↑ GT Interactive loses ground at Wal-Mart. (GT Interactive Software; retail company) | Video Business | Find Articles at BNET.com
  26. ↑ http://www.johnson.cornell.edu/parkercenter/docs/studentresearch/1998_spring/erts.pdf
  27. ↑ a b Gt Interactive Hires Disney Honcho, Raises Cash
  28. ↑ Amazon.com: Game Design, Second Edition: Books: Bob Bates
  29. ↑ a b c Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen 3wu.
  30. ↑ GT Interactive Predicts Q4 Loss, Cuts 650 Jobs - Company Financial Information | Computergram International | Find Articles at BNET.com
  31. ↑ a b Infogrames Gets Control of GT Interactive - New York Times
  32. ↑ Infogrames Unleashes Unreal Tournament: Game Of The Year Edition To The Mass Market This Fall | Market Wire | Find Articles at BNET.com
  33. ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen s_52cq.
  34. ↑ http://corporate.infogrames.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/DOCDEREF05_06GB.pdf

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