The best answers address the question directly, and back up facts with wikilinks and links to sources. Do not edit others' comments and do not give any medical or legal advice.
Hello
I'm recently lookging for a textual location and I hope that you may help me. Somewhere in his work, Aristotle wrote about either democracy or politics that they are merely a sensation, a happening, for the ordinary people. Do you know where he wrote this in his work?
I looking forward to any help to find the location of this words in the text. 2A02:8071:60A0:92E0:993:675E:44B7:7A38 (talk) 07:57, 2 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
First of all, I'm not an expert in Aristotle's philosophy either. But I believe if Aristotle were in modern times, he would not like our democracy because he would consider it an unstable system. He might prefer timocracy ("democracy" as a rich men's club) or even oligarchy. I think Aristotle's eight books of politics could be a good starting point if you would like to dig deeper. Stanleykswong (talk) 19:37, 2 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
If it is your dissertation or thesis, I suggest you consider, from the Aristotelian view, who is “qualified” to vote and who is “qualified” to be voted for. Stanleykswong (talk) 19:42, 2 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
On a practical side, I recently found out that a text like Aristotle's Politics, coincidentally or not, will be easier to read on a narrow support, similar to the usual wax tablet rather than in taking advantage of the full width of the modern computer screen. --Askedonty (talk) 10:32, 3 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Now also available on Commons. US government report, notably used as a prop by Donald Trump in his 2 April 2025 Rose Garden tariffs speech. All the best: RichFarmbrough21:45, 2 April 2025 (UTC).[reply]
Looking at Newspapers.com (pay site), he seems to have been a city official, a clerk of some kind, for Brooklyn around that time frame. The 1884 Brooklyn city directory gives his occupation simply as "clerk". ←Baseball BugsWhat's up, Doc?carrots→ 02:12, 3 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Why did the international community recognize Eritrea as an independent country, but refuse to do the same for Somaliland, which seems to have a similar case? The government seems to be more stable than Somalia's, at least in the recent past. Rojomoke (talk) 15:38, 3 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Looking for consistency in international relations might be a lost cause, but one key difference is that Eritrea obtained recognition from Ethiopia, while Somaliland has not done so with Somalia. CMD (talk) 02:55, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I don't know much of anything about the relative situation, but remember that countries often grant or refuse recognition based not on stability, functional independence, or similar metrics, but for their own political purposes. Rhodesia was independent and stable in the late 1960s and 1970s, but many foreign countries refused to recognise it and sought to destabilise it (by supporting rebel movements) because of their opposition to its internal politics. Nyttend (talk) 07:58, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I think CMD has it nailed… Ethiopia was willing to let Eritrea go (even if grudgingly)… Somalia is not willing to let Somaliland go. Blueboar (talk) 22:47, 5 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
A well-known anecdote about Sir Moses Montefiore has him sat next to an anti-Semitic nobleman at dinner. The nobleman remarks that he has just returned from Japan, "where they have neither pigs nor Jews". Montefiore replies "In that case we should go there together, so they may have one of each". The anecdote is usually marked as "possibly apocryphal". Can we find a firm citation for it, or at least its earliest appearance, who was the bigoted peer, and also is it true that Japan at the time (Montefiore died in 1885) had neither pigs nor Jews? Thank you, DuncanHill (talk) 20:15, 3 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Domestic pigs were introduced to Japan "in prehistoric times", but as further explained here were not common, or commonly eaten, until the 20th century because of Buddhist beliefs.
I'm sure someone else will do better, but I can't find any mention of the story before 1935, fifty years after Sir Moses' death. As with other early appearances of the story, the one I've linked to has a Russian Grand Duke, a relative of the Tsar, as the anti-Semite, and a dinner held by the Lord Mayor of London as the location. Later ones, almost inevitably, make it Buckingham Palace. --Antiquary (talk) 11:02, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
According to our article Sarah Forbes Bonetta, and this article from Brighton & Hove Museums, her husband erected "a granite obelisk-shaped monument more than eight feet high in her memory at Ijon in Western Lagos". Do we know the exact location of the obelisk, does it survive, and are there any pictures of it? Thank you, DuncanHill (talk) 21:59, 3 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Based on the general geographic area, as well as features in the photo (notice the electrical pylon on the left, the wires going roughly in the same direction as the photo perspective, the pole right next to the obelisk, and the general dense foliage), I think it might be somewhere around 6.563572, 3.203350. However, Google Street View isn't able to quite get that area through all the foliage, and some parts of the perspective (notably, the buildings) don't quite line up, so I'm not sure. GalacticShoe (talk) 02:50, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Wikimedia Commons has two additional photos of the obelisk, one from the same angle and one from the opposite angle. I think that, in the latter photo, the building on the right (6.563733, 3.202955; note the windows) and the water tower (6.563802, 3.202529) confirm the general location as mentioned above. The obelisk itself might be closer to somewhere around 6.563566, 3.203215. GalacticShoe (talk) 03:02, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
There are electric transmission lines overhead; they are also overhead at (6.5635738,3.2028165) and (6.5636397,3.2036353). The location of the obelisk is on (or extremely close to) the line between these points. (The shadow of a pylon can be seen in Google Satellite view at (6.5636124,3.2034791)). ‑‑Lambiam10:39, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I'm not seeing its shadow though and it would be small and not obvious, but it's also likely hidden too, for the obelisk stands under a couple of small trees which are right next to it. However, there is an alignment of the buildings' roof corners, which once located in overhead imagery, puts the camera somewhere on a line about here in agreement with GalacticShoe's estimation. Modocc (talk) 14:55, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I also note that GalacticShoe's estimate triangulates pretty well since it also falls along a line projected from the side of the apparently broken-down bulldozer that is peeping through in the photo and that is aligned with the corner of the larger building's rusted roof. All of these points can be located in the satellite images. Modocc (talk) 16:26, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Thank you all, I think you've narrowed it down as well as can be, short of someone going out with a plane table and theodolite. I think a quotation from a recent book would be appropriate:
Today, Ijon is unrecognisable. Most of the forest has been cleared, the cocoa trees have long disappeared, and nothing is left of James Davies's house or the small church he built on his estate. Even someone who knew the original village would be unable to identify its exact location had not one durable signpost survived. This is the granite obelisk James Davies erected to commemorate the death of his wife, Sarah, in 1880, the year he started his farming enterprise. Although plant growth laps at its plinth, the memorial stands tall and upright, just as Davies hoped it would.
Economic policymakers debate things like raising vs lowering interest rates, and since any change will produce winners and losers, let's take for granted that they decide things without always being transparent about their reasoning. Despite that, there is reasonable public understanding of why the decision makers might want such outcomes. Tax cuts for the rich are another thing like that.
My question is whether engineering a recession on purpose would fit within that framework. Would the idea be to produce some corrective effect that the policymakers see as desirable? Obviously this is about Trump but I'm hoping that there is some kind of existing theory for understanding it, rather than asking refdesk editors to make something up. I guess shock doctrine is one possible idea. Thanks. 2601:644:8581:75B0:5B3E:8816:9BBD:50BA (talk) 19:43, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Economists debate changing the level of policy rates because of many factors, among them (a) we don’t know what is happening in the economy right now, only what the data tell us happened in the (not so) recent past; (b) the data we have available is neither infallible nor comprehensive, which means we must extrapolate (opine) a narrative that suggests a course of action; and (c) the politicians are going to do what they want with our suggestions for their own partisan reasons, and then blame the economists if it doesn’t go well. As for engineering a recession, such as happened in the Volcker era, that was done because it was deemed necessary to sharply reduce inflation – at the expense of employment and overall growth – in a very short time frame. DOR (ex-HK) (talk) 21:57, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Some people who have the President's ear believe in the Strauss–Howe generational theory, and specifically that the so-called "Fourth Turning" is imminent.[4] In the end, all will be better, but only after the house has not been remodeled but razed to the ground in a bloody cataclysm and then rebuilt from scratch.
Arguably, a deep and long lasting world-wide recession will reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and may delay the climate catastrophe, but I doubt this side-effect is intentional. ‑‑Lambiam22:04, 4 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Any result that reduces asset prices without reducing the value of assets (e.g. a uniform reduction in stock prices due to market sentiment) benefits those with the ability to purchase the assets at a discount (i.e. those with existing liquidity). Thus, for example, having higher cash holdings speeds recovery time after an economic crisis. In 2008 Berkshire Hathaway was able to buy preferred shares of things like GE and Goldman Sachs because of its cash on hand. Of course this doesn't work unless earnings eventually recover from any initial shock. Dekimasuよ!04:14, 5 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The trade deficit in January of this year was over 130 billion USD,[5] so an a yearly basis, without tariffs, we might have seen at least 1,500 billion USD in 2025. With the expected contraction, this will be less, but much of it is from a relatively inelastic demand. The money collected from the tariffs is expected to be more than 10% of the trade deficits. This means that probably more than 100 billion will be available per year to help finance tax cuts for the 1%. There are other effects that favour the richest of the rich.[6] ‑‑Lambiam 07:05, 5 April 2025 (UTC) PS. You can hear an exposition of the economic theory (developed by the renowned economist Ron P. Vara) underlying the tariff plan here. ‑‑Lambiam09:16, 5 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
When you say "The money collected from the tariffs...", what I hear is "The massive tax hike needlessly draining demand from the economy..." DOR (ex-HK) (talk) 17:02, 6 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
In theory, if Trump gets the taxes he wants, the government would receive a huge amount of revenue. However, the world does not work the way Trump hopes and expects. The tariff will eventually become a special VAT paid by consumers. VAT is unfair to the poor. The vast majority of Trump's supporters are not wealthy, and they will be hit hard. Stanleykswong (talk) 18:06, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
A recession will affect everyone, including policymakers, so it makes no sense for policymakers to engineering one for whatever reason. Stanleykswong (talk) 17:59, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
If economic policymakers did what they were taught in textbooks, it would be very obvious whether to raise or lower interest rates. If Trump’s new tariffs lead to a U.S. recession, the standard textbook solution would be for Federal Reserve policymakers to cut interest rates, stimulating the economy by reducing consumers’ propensity to save and lowering borrowing costs. This will allow consumer spending and investment to increase and the economy to return to normal. However, if the new tariffs cause runaway inflation, the standard textbook solution is for Federal Reserve policymakers to get rid of inflation by raising interest rates to reduce consumers' propensity to spend and encourage them to delay purchases. Stanleykswong (talk) 18:24, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
This pic, uploaded on Commons as "own work" in 2022, is used on several WP:s. However, it's been on the internet longer than that, and factmuseum.com (see François_Gautier#Photography_and_painting_exhibitions for context) gives it the caption "Exhibit No. 38: The execution of Raja Shambhaji (son of Shivaji) on Aurungzeb’s orders after capture. (February, 1689)"[7].
I read the Wikipedia page and 2,279 seems rather low. Is this an accurate reflection of the figure? The maximum I can figure is 4,000 or so dead but that is if you stretch the numbers (Use maximum disappearances and assume a larger estimate is only dead.). John Not Real Name (talk) 19:12, 5 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
No one could tally the countless summary executions, which were not documented. The low number reflects (I suppose) the killings that could be positively confirmed. The highest estimate I've seen is 10,000 people.[8] I don't know what this estimate is based on. It seems unlikely high,[9] but the difficulties in giving an accurate estimate of the number of disappeared people is such that one cannot say this is definitely impossible. ‑‑Lambiam09:34, 6 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
As an American living in Australia, I watch the AUD/USD exchange rate carefully. Presumably in response to Trump's new tariffs, very early yesterday morning the exchange rate went to US$1=A$1.66, representing the weakest point for AUD (aside from a brief spike in early COVID) in at least ten years. Why do tariffs cause such a spike? I found this article from the Journal of international money and finance, but most of the article is unavailable without a subscription, most of the available portion is too technical for me to understand, and the bits that I do understand are talking about the effects of adjustments to interest rates, caused by monetary authorities responding to other effects of the tariffs. Based on [10], I don't believe that there have been any changes to the US federal funds rate since last year, so this isn't relevant. Nyttend (talk) 20:49, 5 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The exchange rates reflect what the markets "think", an inscrutable process emerging from the imaginations and murmurs of myriad minds, some more bubbled-up than others. The euro and yen went sharply up, while the British pound went through a pronounced dip but restored quickly; why these differences? One would think it reflects expectations of the relative strengths of how much the economies of the respective trade partners will suffer in this unprovoked war, which would determine or influence interest rate adjustments. ‑‑Lambiam09:14, 6 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Markets may be overreacting to Trump's new tariffs. As a result, the yen, pound, and euro could see sharp rises and falls in the coming months. Stanleykswong (talk) 17:45, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
This does not explain the drop of the Aussie with respect to the euro. News sources attribute the drop to China's countermeasures.[11][12][13][14] Another article links it to the hit on the yuan.[15] Quoting from this article: "Chief economist at the Australia Institute Greg Jericho told SBS News the two currencies are linked, which means when the Yuan takes a hit, it can impact the Australian dollar." ‑‑Lambiam20:34, 6 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
There is no doubt that if the new tariffs are implemented as Trump says, China will be hit hard. The renminbi will face significant depreciation pressure, and the Chinese central bank may want to see the renminbi fall to mitigate the impact of the new tariffs. Australia sells large quantities of natural resources such as coal and iron ore to China. If the Chinese economy gets into trouble, Australia will be severely affected. I think this is why the Australian dollar has been so weak and I expect it to continue to be weak over the coming months. Stanleykswong (talk) 17:53, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The market believes that Trump's new tariffs could lead to a global recession. The demand for natural resources could drop dramatically. Affected by this, the Australian dollar has fallen sharply recently against the country's major trading partners, and has fallen to its lowest point since 2020 against the euro, pound sterling and US dollar. Stanleykswong (talk) 17:39, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I've written an article on Grace Y. Sam, a Palauan politician, but the only sources I have are the one cited and one journal article that mentions her in a footnote (download link). Are there free online newspaper and/or government archives for Palau (or, more specifically Koror)? If not, is there anyone with access to relevant libraries or archives that can search for information on Sam? Thanks, voorts (talk/contributions) 23:24, 5 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The female saints of the Old Testament surrounding the Mother of God and the Christ Child.Eleusa with Old Testament women (Annunciation cathedral in Moscow)
This icon is written about here, and the info sounds plausible to me. However, it's a WP:BLOG, so I'd like some WP:RS sources on it if possible, preferably in English. Perhaps there's a WP-article on it in some language, but I don't know what title it might have. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:54, 6 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
For me google translate gives"1. Icon "Our Lady of the Don" (14th century, State Tretyakov Gallery) in a frame with an image of Old Testament righteous women (circa 1700; Kremlin Museums) Photomontage." for the caption of the icon on page 2 of the pdf and "V.G. CHUBINSKAYA PAINTING FRAME OF THE TURN OF THE XVII-XVIII CENTURIES FOR THE ICON "OUR MOTHER OF GOD OF THE DONSKAYA" (to the interpretation of the symbolic program)" for the heading of the PDF. The title of the icon is БОГОМАТЕРЬ ДОНСКАЯ which I might render in English as "Theotokos of the Don". That is Our Lady of the Don which is currently held in the Tretyakov Gallery and not Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow. Note that the central icon of the modern photos does not closely match the photo in the pdf or the color image in the blog post. Indeed the first paragraph of the pdf says "In the local row of the iconostasis of the Annunciation Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin there is a frame with images of the Old Testament righteous women, created at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries in the painting workshop of the Armoury Chamber (ill. I)1 and intended for the icon "Our Lady of the Don" of the 14th century, 2 Unlike its famous and well-studied centerpiece, the frame has not attracted special attention from researchers until now. Meanwhile, the ancient icon, which received a new frame at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries and became, in fact, the center of the new work, was consciously included by the customers and creators of the frame in the historical, cultural and artistic context of its time, which gave it a completely new sound and imparted to the image of the Mother of God a symbolic meaning unusual for Old Russian art. The interpretation of the latter is the subject of this work." <Google translate>. Hope this helps. Eluchil404 (talk) 23:50, 6 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I also found a couple of citations to another article by the author of the pdf "Chubinskaya, V. G. "Ikona Simona Ushakova «Bogomater'Vladimirskaya»,«Drevo Moskovskogo gosudarstva»,«Pohvala Bogomateri Vladimirskoj»(Opyt istoriko-kul'turnoj interpretacii)[Icon of Simon Ushakov" our lady of Vladimir"," Tree of the Moscow state"," Praise of our lady of Vladimir"(Experience of historical and cultural interpretation)]." Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoj literatury (1985): 290-308." so thay are definitely a subject matter expert. Eluchil404 (talk) 23:59, 6 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
@Eluchil404@Lambiam Then it seems that in the Kreml-pdf picture, the frame is shown with Our Lady of the Don, but in the blog-photos, the same frame is shown with another icon? For one thing the icons face in different directions.
There seem to be at least two, possibly three, real physical icons involved. The icon in the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Annunciation is referred to as Шуйская-Смоленская икона Божией Матери ("Shuya–Smolensk icon of the Mother of God"), which, according to the Russian Wikipedia, was originally the name of a now lost icon, but is now used for any icon of this type, the distinctive feature being the characteristic position of Jesus's arms and legs. (The original disappeared around 1936.) The one in the Cathedral of the Annunciation may be a copy of the original Shuya–Smolensk icon, made before it was lost, with a frame of saints added (later?).
The "Our Lady of the Don" icon in the Tretyakov Gallery is much older than the original Shuya–Smolensk icon. It is of a different type.
The Commons image shown in this thread comes from the first album of the book Древности Российского государства (Antiquities of the Russian State) by Fedor Solntsev, which we have as a pdf file at the Commons: Antiquities of Russian country - Volume I (album). The image is on p. 37 of the file, with (like on most pages) an illegible caption. This album was published in 1849. The central icon, which is clearly a copy of "Our Lady of the Don", looks real to me, with the frame of saints as a later addition by a different artist. ‑‑Lambiam06:23, 7 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
It is astonishingly hard to research: The Brits used the Matilda II in the Battles for France and Africa. The Australians used it much longer and pretty successfully in the Pacific theater. But did also the British use it at any time in the Pacific theater? --KnightMove (talk) 07:36, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The Matilda II entered service in 1939, and it’s hard to believe it didn’t see action in the Pacific War. In the book "Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact", although the authors mentioned both Matilda II and the Pacific War, they did not mention that any Matilda II was used in the Pacific War. Stanleykswong (talk) 17:32, 8 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
While over 400 Matilda IIs were successfully deployed with Australian forces in the Pacific Theater (commonly modified for jungle use), the British Army ceased frontline use of the Matilda II by mid-1942 after it became obsolete in Europe and North Africa. Although the tank served with British units in other theaters (e.g., North Africa, Soviet Union), no records indicate British Matilda units were deployed to the Pacific.[16][17] --136.56.165.118 (talk) 00:23, 9 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Well, the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia started in December 1941, and Singapore fell on 15 February 1942. Didn't the British troops there have any Matildas, and if not... why not? --KnightMove (talk) 09:38, 9 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
See Fall of Singapore for some of the explanation, which shows that no tanks were recorded as captured. The British did not expect an attack overland along the Malay peninsula as they judged the jungle to be impassable. Mikenorton (talk) 19:31, 9 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The problem was that Malaya was a long way down the list of British priorities in 1941, the North African campaign and keeping the USSR in the war came first:
The mention in our article to the Mark VI tank in Malaya is referenced to an account of the King's Own Hussars, who didn't leave Egypt until January 1942. All accounts I can see say that there were no British tanks in Malaya, so I have removed the mention of Malaya. Alansplodge (talk) 22:15, 10 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Strictly speaking, is "the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus" referred to in the Constitution a privilege appertaining to the prisoner filing the petition, or to the court issuing the writ? 71.126.56.141 (talk) 12:21, 9 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The "privilege" is a "right" for those being detained. It is a privilege/right of the person being detained. It is a responsibility of the courts (and entire legal system) to preserve that privilege/right. 12.116.29.106 (talk) 13:40, 9 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The question is whose privilege it is, the petiitioner's or the court's? (Also, a privilege that cannot be suspended is tantamount to a right. Rights can be forfeited.) ‑‑Lambiam22:24, 12 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The Suspension Clause in Article I, Section 9, Clause 2: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.[18] While the Constitution affirms the right of individuals to challenge the legality of their detention, it does not explicitly affirm a general right to habeas corpus but instead limits Congress's ability to suspend this privilege except under extraordinary circumstances like rebellion or invasion.[19][20] Note that Congress, under President Lincoln's direction, couldn't suspend this during the Civil War if it were a "right". --136.56.165.118 (talk) 01:04, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Edit: However, case law, such as Boumediene v. Bush (2008), has interpreted the clause as affirmatively guaranteeing prisoners some forum to challenge their detention when the privilege has not been suspended.[21] (01:35, 13 April 2025 (UTC))
Since that is clear as mud, here is an edit revised for accuracy, clarity and brevity (citations above apply).
The Suspension Clause (Article I, Section 9, Clause 2) states: "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it." This clause does not explicitly grant a general right to habeas corpus but restricts Congress's power to suspend this privilege, allowing suspension only during rebellion or invasion when public safety demands it. Notably, Congress, under President Lincoln's direction, didsuspend habeas corpus during the Civil War (1863). However, Supreme Court precedent, notably Boumediene v. Bush (2008), has interpreted the clause as implicitly guaranteeing detainees some means to challenge their detention when the writ has not been formally suspended.
What is the term in social contract theory that there must exist some habitable land that isn't under any social contract at all, so that people who reject the social contract of every country in the world can be (at least in theory) free to vote with their feet against all of them, in order for them to truly be voluntary? NeonMerlin05:44, 10 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I am not aware of any adherents of social contract theory who advocate the creation of an anarchic area, so AFAIK there is no term for this position. To accommodate everyone who rejects this theory, the area should be considerable. Most anarchists will support the thesis that all inhabited land should be freed of this one-sided "contract" imposed by the violence of the State. Freetown Christiania may serve as an example, but I'd say it is merely tolerated, and its existence is definitely precarious.[22] See also Zone to Defend. ‑‑Lambiam12:39, 10 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I cannot tell if this is ironic or not so apologies if I have misread. Elon Musk is a man born priveleged to have a father who owned slaves in apartheid South Africa, [1] who certainly had a good idea of what to buy, but who (on any topic a person is actually expert on can confirm) is almost totally incompetent intellectually. He is another variation of Trump, a good consumer, a terrible manager. [2][3] Furthermore, the idea of a "free land" being created by capitalism is hilarious to me, personally. Perhaps if your definition of "freedom" is a variety of liberalism where people are all white [4][5], aren't free to express their sexuality or gender [6], but are "free" to starve under the free market that bourgeousie like himself profit from (6 showing Musk's profits from the election; versus 7 showing the reduction in household wealth and an increased unemployment rate). [7][8] The system isn't broken, it's working as intended. If the people who perpetuate it are promising you "freedom" then it's only the freedom that benefits them. There are certainly some benevolent rich people: George Soros, Jimmy Wales (if you can even count him as rich); but these are not people who perpetuate such ideas. In my opinion, the notion of going to Mars feels like a bad excuse to do nothing about climate change because there's a backup option if we do destroy Earth. Another opinion of mine, is that even if it were possible to go to Mars, you wouldn't be invited unless it were as cheap or even unpaid labour (given the Musk family's history of "unpaid labour"). GreatMageMai (talk) 16:17, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
When the Empire of Japan conquered the Commonwealth of the Philippines, did it remove all local judges from active service? Our article on Kabua Kabua of the Marshall Islands says that he was "probably the only person ever to serve as a judge under both the Japanese and U.S. judicial systems", and its source (from which this is an exact quote) makes this as a general statement; it doesn't say merely the only judge in the Marshall Islands to serve under both. Nyttend (talk) 23:09, 10 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Almost certainly not Nyttend. This source (download link) states that they didn't, although with no details. A bit of easy OR, the Japanese wanted to win over local administrators. Jose P. Laurel was actually picked from the Supreme court by the Japanese to lead the country. Further, there will have been a period, albeit short, post-Japanese occupation with likely further overlap. A bit of distinction from Kabua Kabua though, the Marshall islands was formally Japanese and then formally American, outside of wartime in both cases. That is probably the distinction being made. CMD (talk) 06:40, 12 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
This is a relatively small organization (seven employees, of which, it appears, six deal with content and one with IT, marketing and outreach[23]). They are primarily a Russian-language site. The content is available in a large number of languages (English / Russian / Ukrainian / Armenian / Azerbaijani / Georgian / Kazakh / Kyrgyz / Tajik / Uzbek). IMO this is only sustainable if done by automated translation, which may explain the quality of the English texts.
They have won two Ippies awards (given to the ethnic and community press by the Center for Community and Ethnic Media at CUNY Graduate School of Journalism), one for content and one for website design.[24]
My impression is that (in spite of the name) this is not an Internet forum with self-published content, and also that they are not a shill for some huge donor, but whether they qualify as a reliable source is better asked at the Reliable sources/Noticeboard. ‑‑Lambiam07:10, 11 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Before decimalisation, many British coins had names: penny, shilling, florin, half-crown, crown. But all the modern UK coinage is named simply after the amount it's worth. Why don't the coins have names?
Maybe it's too soon for the names to have developed? But it's been well over fifty years.
It can't be because decimal currency is inherently more complicated, since all the common US coins have names: penny, nickel, dime, quarter.
Not just the UK: here in Australia the coins are called 2-dollar, 1-dollar, 50-cent, 20-cent, 10-cent, and 5-cent, and before they were removed from common circulation, I believe the smallest coins were called 2-cent and 1-cent. By the way, note that "dime" is a legal term with historic roots — the coin says "ONE DIME", a term first used (although with a different spelling) by the Coinage Act of 1792. Nyttend (talk) 03:45, 12 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Penny, shilling, and florin were names associated with the amounts they were worth. The relevant coins were worth one penny, one shilling, and one florin, respectively (although florin was more of an experiment than the other two). Crown is perhaps the exception, originally created to be part of the European silver system and I presumed named because they initially had a crown on them. However, it became a word indicating the amount it's worth, hence, half-crown, worth half the crown. From these base coins of particular values, other coins were created to describe their relation to these values: half-penny, twopence, and others including the aforementioned half-crown. The current coins have names in the exact same way, there is the penny, and there is the pound. Other coins take their names by their relation to those two values. The difference between the older system and the current one is that the current decimal system has fewer base units of currency, ie. the decimal system is less complicated. (In East Africa, they retained the Shilling instead of the Pound as their primary unit of currency, so that name continues to also carry a meaning of the amount it's worth.) American coins are also mostly named after their values. A penny retains the original meaning of one penny, only the language has shifted to replace "penny" in other contexts with "cent". "Dime" as Nyttend mentions is also named due to its value, it comes from the Latin for "one-tenth". A quarter is, well, a quarter of a dollar; its meaning hasn't even been lost due to language change. "Nickel", like "crown", is the exception that was given a new name. CMD (talk) 04:33, 12 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Not sure what you mean exactly about the American penny. The "official" name, as I understand it, is and has always been "cent". Colloquially it is called the penny, by analogy to the British coin. --Trovatore (talk) 20:54, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Farthings are another coin named after their value, being a fourth (fourthing) of a penny. A quarter farthing is some sort of etymological joke. CMD (talk) 02:00, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
You owe me three farthings, say the bells of St Martins. Doesn't rhyme for me. Does it rhyme for anyone? I'm currently re-reading Nineteen Eighty-Four so it's in my head a little. I never really got why Orwell thought it was important to mention and am looking out to see if I can figure it out this time. --Trovatore (talk) 20:19, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
A Cockney would probably drop the "g" in fathings, so farthins/Martins is a pretty close rhyme. I can't, nearly forty years after reading it for O-level, remember why Orwell uses Oranges and Lemons in 1984, I think it might be something to do with the proles retaining some pre-IngSoc culture, lost to those above them. DuncanHill (talk) 21:28, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Someone could probably spin some OR about how the modern fiat currency system is fundamentally different from a metal-based system regarding the long term stability of individual coin values, and thus of their importance as individual units rather than as parts of a wider currency system. CMD (talk) 01:58, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I suspect the reason is that so few things on sale today cost under a pound. In the “old days” it was handy to have names for coins because lots of things cost “Ninepence” or “Three shillings tuppence” etc. Blueboar (talk) 16:58, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
I found this photo which is a crop of a photo (watermarked "This image is copyrighted...") that suggests that it was taken in Japan at a site that looks as it were an Imperial Palace. [Edit:the photo was taken at Edo Castle's Yagura tower turret, which is part of the Imperial Palace complex -- as seen here] There seems to be enough discrepencies to make me suspect that the museum example could be a fake replica. 136.56.165.118 (talk) 20:05, 12 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
A lengthy discussion with my friendly neighborhood AI chatbot, concluded:
However, as you pointed out, certain elements of the original vehicle—namely the Imperial Seal of Japan on the radiator grille and hood ornament—appear to be absent or replaced in the museum exhibit. The missing badge and hood ornament may reflect deliberate modifications to align with contemporary sensitivities regarding the display of symbols tied to Imperial Japan's wartime era. Such adjustments could be intended to focus on the automobile's historical and engineering significance rather than its political symbolism.
There are some things I noticed on closer examination: The Imperial Chrysanthemum symbol on the front is affixed to the headlight bar rather than directly on the radiator grill. Also, the sun visor is visible in both photos; the camera angle and visor positioning makes it hard to discern. The mysterious bulb-shaped objects on the roof differ: in the contemporaneous photo, they are chromed, and in the museum photo they are black. What are they; they don't look like they could function as lights or signal indicators; but, could they be blackout lights? Mini sirens? --136.56.165.118 (talk) 22:13, 12 April 2025 (UTC) Edit: 04:16, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
According to this Russian source I found, after WWII the car remained in the imperial garage, then in 1961, through the Mercedes-Benz agency in Japan, it was sent to Europe where it was renovated and in 1979 put on exhibition in the Mercedes museum. This implies it's the same car, but still one may wonder why they stripped the radiator grille imperial emblem while retaining it on the rear doors (and seemingly replaced those bulb-shaped roof objects). Brandmeistertalk08:53, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The roof objects are likely not replaced, but are simply not chrome-plated. Given enough time, silver and its alloys tarnish forming a black patina from oxidation. Modocc (talk) 10:35, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Seems to me that Mercedes took it upon themselves to "restore" the car's hood with its marketing trinket. Had it simply been a status issue then I'd expect the removal of all the imperial emblems. I'm also wondering what's on the roof. They have star patterns. Maybe they are fancy night lights, spot lights and/or speakers. I haven't a clue. Modocc (talk) 13:31, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The Russian article has a close-up photo of one mystery object. It could be a signal indicator light having frosted glass and dark tint. I could imagine it being designed to be unobtrusive under normal circumstances, and flashing red (or some other color) when needed. Google translation of the Russian article indicated no mention of them in the text. --136.56.165.118 (talk) 13:55, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Not the most popular one (dollar Index even redirects there). Other indices have more currencies & weights that haven't been unchanged since March 1973. Why didn't they extend one of the later-invented ones to 1973 without rescaling to 100=1973 & switch to that? Investors are used to rescaling anyway: stock splits move y-axes. Are they still trading futures with these obsolete weights? 57.6% euro, 77.3% Europe. Why not add more currencies? Shouldn't they know how much USA imports+exports with everyone, all 200+ GDPs & have tech cheap enough to do every currency even though the graph wouldn't change much? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 16:27, 12 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
By what measure do you judge the goodness of a dollar index? In other words, what is your dollar index index? ‑‑Lambiam07:32, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
How do I know I'm not an economist? Is the one that says it's best cause it weights by GDP the best? Sounds true but wouldn't that underweight some currencies like Canadian $+overweight others like isolationist USA-hating ones? Also which GDP nominal or PPP? I'm guessing nominal would be better for this? Is it the one that says weighting by amount of trade with US is the best cause it's the thing you want instead of a proxy like GDP? Sounds true but isn't trade only 1 important cause of currency exchange some people also exchange currency to buy US bonds, pay hotels etc? Also isn't oil bought in dollars by countries that don't use USD? And central banks+speculators sometimes trade currencies. Those would affect dollar+other currencies' supply & demand thus the exchange rate without any direct US trade occurring. Does transhipment count as trade? What if the box is only becoming a truck trailer in 1 currency zone but the goods will be sold+used in another? What if a leader wants an iPad but has to smuggle it from another country cause his is sanctioned which currency pair does that count as? Is geometric mean better than arithmetic? Presumably they all divide weights by the currency cost@base yr before using them so yen+bucks are both 100@index=100 not like 0.006+1? Also I don't understand all the math in the most complex one. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 16:28, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The purpose of the U.S. dollar index is to provide a benchmark for comparing the value of the U.S. dollar with other major currencies, which in 1973 included the euro, yen, pound sterling, Canadian dollar, Swedish krona, and Swiss franc. Today, in addition to the US dollar, the major currency markets are still trading the euro, Japanese yen, British pound, Canadian dollar and Swiss franc. Of course, you could argue why some of the Swedish krona couldn’t be replaced by the equally active Australian dollar in the market. However, as long as the market believes that the index still serves its original purpose, no one will be willing to change it. Stanleykswong (talk) 17:37, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Even if it's a national index, such as the Consumer Price Index, they won't change unless the index is so far removed from reality that it becomes completely unusable. The Consumer Price Index was last revised in 1978 to reflect changes in spending patterns based on the Consumer Expenditure Survey conducted from 1972 to 1974. Stanleykswong (talk) 09:01, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
How the hell doesn't the CPI include smartphones? Does it overweight mechanical typewriters? How detailed is it? Does it include things most Americans don't buy like ostriches+subway fares? Is there a more accurate index that's less popular? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 16:34, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
My observation is that people do change their purchasing behavior to buy pulled pork instead of oven-ready gammon joints. I have no idea why oven-ready gammon joints were removed from the index and not replaced with pulled pork. Stanleykswong (talk) 18:40, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Is the net effect to overestimate US CPI cause technology's awesome+America lives further out than they used to (on average) or to underestimate cause America drives a lot more than they used to or something like that (on average) & many things outpaced inflation like silver, gasoline, Treasury bonds, stocks, ultraluxury goods (at some points in the 70s (80s too?) ppl were amazed when a high square foot ultraluxury Manhattan condo sold for $1,000,000 in 2019 one sold for almost quarter billion) & many entertainments like big 4 sports tickets+ppl use less of non-Veblen goods when they outpace inflation & do the wronginesses mostly cancel each other out? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 13:03, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
If the latter how would a UK-style US CPI deal with things that are offered in big stores in some states illegal in others i.e. craps? Is the cost of gambling the cost of bets or the lesser sum the bets won? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 13:31, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The usage notes for ye on Wiktionary state: "Ye was originally used only for the nominative case (as the subject), and only for the second-person plural. Later, ye was used as a subject or an object, either singular or plural, which is the way that you is used today." It does not define when "later" was, but our article God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen gives lyrics with the first line "God rest ye, merry Gentlemen", said to be "dated c. 1760". ‑‑Lambiam23:09, 13 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
The article notes:
Some variants give the pronoun in the first line as ye instead of you, in a pseudo-archaism.
The footnote has lots of hemming and hawing about various possible ways of viewing this.
A result of selection bias perhaps? The article was even titled with "you", but just a few months ago at the end of last year the title was moved to "ye" because of this Ngram plot [25] with support from editors on its talk page. Modocc (talk) 02:49, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Yeah, the Google results are convincing enough that "ye" is probably the name by which the song is most commonly known. But I would call it a common error. It doesn't make any sense to put "ye" there, particularly when the second line uses "you" in exactly the same grammatical role. --Trovatore (talk) 05:18, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Hello.
Is there an article on Wikipedia about the social and economic status of artists in your country? I'm looking for sourced, historical, and current information. Thank you in advance for your reply, and please excuse any language errors: I'm a French-speaking Belgian. Égoïté (talk) 17:23, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
This is a Global English-language encyclopaedia. Which "your country" are you enquiring about? {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 94.194.109.80 (talk) 18:19, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Thank you. I don't plan to publish in English, but in French, and I'm a Wikipedian who's well-versed in the rules of the encyclopedia, with a few quality articles in French of my own. Don't worry ;) I am also interested in documents on the social and economic status of artists in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Égoïté (talk) 19:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Well, I don't know the norms at fr.wiki, but I would be cautious about cobbling together an article from facts here and there, without evidence that someone studies that particular topic.
That said, at our artist article, there is something possibly relevant for you: In the US, fine artists have a median income of approximately US$50,000 per year, and craft artists have a median income of approximately US$33,000 per year. This compares to US$61,000 for all art-related fields, including related jobs such as graphic designers, multimedia artists, animators, and fashion designers. The reference is dated 2016–2017. The intervening years have been a period of relatively high inflation in the US, combined with a narrowing of the income gap between the two ends of the middle class, so I would imagine it's probably significantly higher by now. --Trovatore (talk) 20:38, 14 April 2025 (UTC)[reply]
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