Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable6

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= and |doi= parameters of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 July 2025. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
501	International Journal of Engineering Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
502	International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
503	International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
504	International Journal of Engineering and Management Research [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
505	International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
506	International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
507	International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
508	International Journal of Home Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Home Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
509	International Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences International Journal of Humanities & Social Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
510	International Journal of Indian Psychology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Indian Psychology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
511	International Journal of Information Technology [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Information Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
512	International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
513	International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
514	International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
515	International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
516	International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
517	International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
518	International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
519	International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
520	International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
521	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
522	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
523	International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
524	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
525	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
526	International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
527	International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
528	International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience \| `{{doi\|10.18782}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
529	International Journal of Research GRANTHAALAYAH [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research GRANTHAALAYAH International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
530	International Journal of Research and Applications [Beall's journal list / update · Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Research and Applications International Journal of Research Publications (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
531	International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
532	International Journal of Research in Computer Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Computer Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
533	International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
534	International Journal of Research in Science & Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Science & Engineering (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
535	International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
536	International Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
537	International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
538	International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
539	International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
540	International Journal of Social Sciences [Lying about DOAJ · Beall's publisher list]	International Journal of Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
541	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
542	International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy [Beall's journal list]	International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
543	International Letters of Natural Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Letters of Natural Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
544	International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
545	International Research Journal of Pharmacy [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Pharmacy (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
546	International Review of Management and Business Research [Beall's journal list]	International Review of Management and Business Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
547	International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
548	International Scientific Publications and Consulting Services \| `{{doi\|10.5899}}` [Beall's publisher list]	ISPACS Impact: The Magazine of Weill Cornell Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
549	International Scientific Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	International Scientific Research Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
550	Journal of Academic Social Science Studies \| `{{doi\|10.9761}}` [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Academic Social Science Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
551	Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities Journal of Advances in Social Science-Humanities (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
552	Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
553	Journal of Applied Economics and Business [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Economics and Business (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
554	Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
555	Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
556	Journal of Business Studies Quarterly [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Business Studies Quarterly (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
557	Journal of Clinical and Medical Images [Beall's journal list / update]	Journal of Clinical and Medical Images (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
558	Journal of Economics and Political Economy [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Economics and Political Economy Journal ofEconomics and Political Economy (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
559	Journal of Education and Social Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Education and Social Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
560	Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics [Beall's journal list / update]	Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
561	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
562	Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
563	Journal of Media Critiques [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Media Critiques (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
564	Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism [Beall's publisher list / update · Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
565	Journal of Multidisciplinary Developments [Beall's journal list]	JOMUDE In.Comune (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
566	Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
567	Journal of Nature and Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Nature and Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
568	Journal of Naturopathic Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Naturopathic Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
569	Journal of Neurology & Neuromedicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Neurology & Neuromedicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
570	Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
571	Journal of Postharvest Technology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Postharvest Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
572	Journal of Translational Science [Stop Predatory Journals's journal list] This is the only entry which appears on SPJ's list which does not appears on Beall's originals lists.	Journal of Translational Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
573	Journal of the Pancreas [Beall's journal list / update]	OMICS Publishing Group Journal of the Pancreas (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
574	KSP Journals \| `{{doi\|10.1453}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.1453` Journalistik (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
575	Longevity (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Longevity Nutrition and aging Nutrition and Aging (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
576	Macrothink Institute \| `{{doi\|10.5296}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.5296` Journal of Educational Issues (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
577	Medical Science (publisher) [Beall's publisher list]	Medicine Medical Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
578	Medical Veritas [Quackwatch's list]	Medical Veritas Medical Veritas: The Journal of Medical Truth (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
579	Modern Scientific Press [Beall's publisher list]	Modern Scientific Press (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
580	NN Publication [Beall's publisher list / update]	NN Publication Publication 21, part 2 (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
581	Natural Foods Merchandiser [Quackwatch's list]	Natural Foods Merchandiser (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
582	Natural News [Quackwatch's list] See WP:RSP#Natural News.	Natural News (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
583	Noetic Sciences Review [Quackwatch's list]	Noetic Sciences Review (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
584	OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development [Beall's journal list]	OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
585	Open Access Publication [Beall's publisher list / update]	OA Publication Publication 21, part 2 (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
586	Open Access Text \| `{{doi\|10.15761}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.15761` Journal of Translational Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
587	Open Journal Systems \| `{{doi\|10.54517}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.54517` Smart Tourism (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
588	Options (newsletter) [Quackwatch's list]	Option Options (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
589	PanAm Post [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#PanAm Post.	PanAm Post (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
590	Pattern Recognition in Physics [Beall's journal list]	Pattern Recognition in Physics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
591	Pharma Innovation [Beall's journal list]	Pharma Innovation (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
592	RS Publication [Beall's publisher list]	RS Publication Publication 21, part 2 (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
593	Reddit [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Reddit.	Reddit R/PAN Span: Journal of the South Pacific Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies (1 in 1) R/pan Span: Journal of the South Pacific Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies (1 in 1) RPAN Span: Journal of the South Pacific Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
594	Research Chronicler [Beall's journal list]	Research Chronicler (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
595	Research Foundation for Humanity [Beall's publisher list]	RFH آرش (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
596	Research Innovator [Beall's journal list]	Research Innovator (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
597	Research Institute for Science, Technology, and Society [Beall's publisher list]	RISTaS ISLAS (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
598	Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
599	Research and Scientific Innovation Society \| `{{doi\|10.47772}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.47772` International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
600	Research, Science, and Technology Publishers [Beall's publisher list]	RST Rst آرش (1 in 1) آرش (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 23 July 2025. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 July 2025, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable5	Current Questionable6	→ Questionable7