Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable6

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= and |doi= parameters of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 April 2025. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
501	International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
502	International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
503	International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
504	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
505	International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
506	International Journal of New Technology and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of New Technology and Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
507	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
508	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
509	International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
510	International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
511	International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience \| `{{doi\|10.18782}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
512	International Journal of Recent Scientific Research \| `{{doi\|10.24327}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Recent Scientific Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
513	International Journal of Research GRANTHAALAYAH [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research GRANTHAALAYAH International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
514	International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
515	International Journal of Research in Computer Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Computer Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
516	International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
517	International Journal of Research in Science & Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Science & Engineering (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
518	International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
519	International Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
520	International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
521	International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
522	International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
523	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
524	International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
525	International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy [Beall's journal list]	International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
526	International Letters of Natural Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Letters of Natural Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
527	International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
528	International Research Journal of Pharmacy [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Pharmacy (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
529	International Review of Management and Business Research [Beall's journal list]	International Review of Management and Business Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
530	International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
531	International Scientific Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	International Scientific Research Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
532	Journal of Academia and Industrial Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
533	Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
534	Journal of Applied Economics and Business [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Economics and Business (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
535	Journal of Applied Nutrition [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Applied Nutrition (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
536	Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
537	Journal of Business Studies Quarterly [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Business Studies Quarterly (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
538	Journal of Clinical and Medical Images [Beall's journal list / update]	Journal of Clinical and Medical Images (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
539	Journal of ELT and Applied Linguistics [Beall's journal list]	JELTAL The Deltan (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
540	Journal of Education and Social Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Education and Social Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
541	Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
542	Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology \| `{{doi\|10.34172}}` [Beall's journal list]	`doi=10.34172` Archives of Iranian Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
543	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
544	Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
545	Journal of Media Critiques [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Media Critiques (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
546	Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism [Beall's publisher list / update · Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
547	Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
548	Journal of Nature and Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Nature and Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
549	Journal of Naturopathic Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Naturopathic Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
550	Journal of Neurology & Neuromedicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Neurology & Neuromedicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
551	Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
552	Journal of Postharvest Technology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Postharvest Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
553	Journal of Translational Science [Stop Predatory Journals's journal list] This is the only entry which appears on SPJ's list which does not appears on Beall's originals lists.	Journal of Translational Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
554	Journal of the Pancreas [Beall's journal list / update]	OMICS Publishing Group Journal of the Pancreas (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
555	Longdom Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.35248}}` [Beall's publisher list / update]	`doi=10.35248` Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
556	Longevity (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Longevity Nutrition and aging Nutrition and Aging (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
557	Macrothink Institute \| `{{doi\|10.5296}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.5296` Business and Economic Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
558	Marwah Infotech \| `{{doi\|10.21276}}` [—] Publishes many journals on Beall's list	`doi=10.21276` International Education and Research Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
559	Medical Science (publisher) [Beall's publisher list]	Medicine Medical Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
560	Medical Veritas [Quackwatch's list]	Medical Veritas Medical Veritas: The Journal of Medical Truth (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
561	Modern Scientific Press [Beall's publisher list]	Modern Scientific Press (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
562	Natural Foods Merchandiser [Quackwatch's list]	Natural Foods Merchandiser (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
563	Natural News [Quackwatch's list] See WP:RSP#Natural News.	Natural News (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
564	Noetic Sciences Review [Quackwatch's list]	Noetic Sciences Review (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
565	OmniScriptum [WP:CIRCULAR / WP:MIRROR · [1]]	OmniScriptum Dic Press Mica Press (1 in 1) Miss Press Mica Press (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
566	Open Access Text \| `{{doi\|10.15761}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.15761` Journal of Translational Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
567	Open Journal Systems \| `{{doi\|10.54517}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.54517` Smart Tourism (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
568	Optica Applicata [Lying about DOAJ]	Optica Applicata (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
569	Options (newsletter) [Quackwatch's list]	Option Options (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
570	PanAm Post [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#PanAm Post.	PanAm Post (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
571	Pattern Recognition in Physics [Beall's journal list]	Pattern Recognition in Physics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
572	Pharma Innovation [Beall's journal list]	Pharma Innovation (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
573	Quest Journals [Beall's publisher list]	Quest Journals (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
574	Quora [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Quora.	Quora Parlio Perio 2000 (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
575	Research Chronicler [Beall's journal list]	Research Chronicler (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
576	Research Innovator [Beall's journal list]	Research Innovator (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
577	Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
578	Research and Information Organization [Beall's publisher list]	RIO Kio 2794/13 (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
579	Review of Research [Beall's journal list]	Review of Research Review of research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
580	Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas [Beall's journal list]	Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
581	Sakun Publishing House [Beall's publisher list]	SPH (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
582	Scholarly Research Exchange [Beall's journal list]	Scholarly Research Exchange (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
583	SciAccess Publisher \| `{{doi\|10.29245}}` [Beall's publisher list / update]	`doi=10.29245` Journal of Mental Health & Clinical Psychology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
584	SciRex [Beall's publisher list]	SciRex Sci Rep . (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
585	Science Publishing Corporation \| `{{doi\|10.14419}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.14419` International Journal of Engineering and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
586	Science Research Association [Beall's publisher list]	SCIREA Sci Rep . (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
587	Scientific Federation [Beall's publisher list]	SciFed Sci Rep . (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
588	Scientific Research Journal \| `{{doi\|10.31364}}` [Beall's journal list]	Scientific Research Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
589	Sciknow \| `{{doi\|10.12966}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.12966` Animal Behavior Cognition (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
590	Second Opinion [Quackwatch's list]	Second opinion Second Opinion (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
591	Sri Krishna International Research & Educational Consortium [Beall's publisher list]	SKIREC Sci Rep . (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
592	Sryahwa Publications [Beall's publisher list / update]	Sryahwa Publications Sryahwa publications (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
593	Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
594	The Electronic Intifada [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#The Electronic Intifada.	The Electronic Intifada (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
595	The Onion [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#The Onion.	The Onion (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
596	The Raw Story [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#The Raw Story.	Raw Story The Raw Story (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
597	The Skwawkbox [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#The Skwawkbox.	The Skwawkbox (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
598	Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients [Quackwatch's list]	Townsend Letter Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
599	WIT Press \| `{{doi\|10.2495}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.2495` WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
600	Whole Foods (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Whole Foods (magazine) Wholefoods Magazine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 22 April 2025. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 April 2025, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable5	Current Questionable6	→ Questionable7