Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable4

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= and |doi= parameters of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 1 June 2025. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
301	International Journal of Electrochemical Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electrochemical Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
302	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
303	International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
304	International Journal of English Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
305	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
306	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
307	International Journal of Network Security [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Network Security (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
308	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
309	International Journal of Research Culture Society [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research Culture Society (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
310	International Journal of Research in Education and Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Education and Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
311	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
312	Latitudes (newsletter) [Quackwatch's list]	Latitude Latitudes (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
313	Natural Health (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Naturopathy Natural Health (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
314	Pharmacognosy (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Pharmacognosy (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
315	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
316	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences \| `{{doi\|10.20959}}` [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
317	International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research [Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research (3 in 1, 2)	3	2	1.500
318	Mathematical and Computational Applications [Beall's journal list]	List of MDPI academic journals Mathematical and Computational Applications (2 in 1) MCA (1 in 1)	3	2	1.500
319	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
320	Academicians' Research Center \| `{{doi\|10.20431}}` [Beall's publisher list] [1]	ARC (1 in 1) `doi=10.20431` International Journal of History and Cultural Studies (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
321	AkiNik Publications \| `{{doi\|10.22271}}` [—] Individual journals listed on Beall's list	`doi=10.22271` J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. (1 in 1) Tropical Plant Research (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
322	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
323	American Journal of Research Communication [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Research Communication (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
324	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
325	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
326	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research [Beall's journal list]	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
327	Better Nutrition [Quackwatch's list]	Outside (company) Better Nutrition (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
328	Bild [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Bild.	Bild (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
329	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
330	Bioscience Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Bioscience Discovery (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
331	Blogger (service) [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Blogger.	Blogger (service) Blogspot (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
332	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed in Journal Citation Reports.	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
333	Current Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Current Discovery (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
334	Distractify [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Distractify.	Distractify (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
335	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
336	European Chemical Bulletin [Beall's journal list]	European Chemical Bulletin (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
337	European Journal of Natural History [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Natural History (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
338	European Scientific Journal \| `{{doi\|10.19044}}` [Beall's journal list]	European Scientific Journal (1 in 1) European Scientific e-Journal (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
339	GRDS Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.20319}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.20319` PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
340	Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
341	Gawker [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Gawker.	Gawker (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
342	Hiperboreea Journal [Beall's journal list]	Hiperboreea Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
343	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
344	International Academy of Business & Economics \| `{{doi\|10.18374}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.18374` International Journal of Strategic Management (1 in 1) Review of Business Research (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
345	International Education and Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	International Education and Research Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
346	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
347	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
348	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
349	International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1) International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
350	International Journal of Arts and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts and Commerce (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
351	International Journal of Bioassays [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Bioassays (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
352	International Journal of Business and Information [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Business and Information (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
353	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
354	International Journal of Current Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Current Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
355	International Journal of Digital Library Services [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Digital Library Services (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
356	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
357	International Journal of Engineering Inventions [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Inventions (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
358	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
359	International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
360	International Journal of Governance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Governance (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
361	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
362	International Journal of Information Research and Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Information Research and Review (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
363	International Journal of Innovative Research & Advanced Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research & Advanced Studies International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
364	International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
365	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
366	International Journal of Mosquito Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Mosquito Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
367	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
368	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
369	International Journal of New Technology and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of New Technology and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
370	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
371	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
372	International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
373	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
374	International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
375	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
376	International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
377	International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research \| `{{doi\|10.56098}}` [[2]]	International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
378	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
379	Journal of Academia and Industrial Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
380	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
381	Journal of Applied Linguistics [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Linguistics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
382	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
383	Journal of Critical Reviews [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Critical Reviews (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
384	Journal of Education, Health and Sport [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Education, Health and Sport (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
385	Journal of English Language and Literature [Beall's journal list]	Journal of English Language and Literature (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
386	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
387	Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
388	Journal of Experimental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Experimental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
389	Journal of Information Management [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Information Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
390	Journal of Language and Literature [Beall's journal list]	Graeme Davis (mediaevalist) Journal of Language and Literature (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
391	Journal of Longevity [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Longevity (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
392	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
393	Journal of Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
394	Marwah Infotech \| `{{doi\|10.21276}}` [—] Publishes many journals on Beall's list	`doi=10.21276` International Education and Research Journal (1 in 1) Sampratyaya (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
395	Mashable [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Mashable sponsored content.	Mashable (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
396	Medwin Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.23880}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.23880` International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
397	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods [Beall's journal list]	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
398	Patheos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Patheos.	Patheos (1 in 1) Patheos.com (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
399	Quest Journals [Beall's publisher list]	Quest Journals (1 in 1) Quest Journal (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
400	Romanian Biotechnological Letters [Beall's journal list]	Romanian Biotechnological Letters (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 8 June 2025. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 1 June 2025, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable3	Current Questionable4	→ Questionable5