Rainbow Honor Walk: Difference between revisions
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==Castro Street History Walk== |
==Castro Street History Walk== |
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A separate sidewalk installation, the '''Castro Street History Walk''' (CSHW), is a series of twenty historical fact plaques about the neighborhood—ten from pre-1776 to the 1960s before the Castro became known as a [[gay ghetto|gay neighborhood]], and ten “significant events associated with the [[queer]] community in the Castro”—contained within the 400 and 500 blocks of the street between 19th and Market streets.<ref>[https://planetcastro.wordpress.com/2014/05/13/castro-street-history-walk/]</ref> |
A separate sidewalk installation, the '''Castro Street History Walk''' (CSHW), is a series of twenty historical fact plaques about the neighborhood—ten from pre-1776 to the 1960s before the Castro became known as a [[gay ghetto|gay neighborhood]], and ten “significant events associated with the [[queer]] community in the Castro”—contained within the 400 and 500 blocks of the street between 19th and Market streets.<ref>[https://planetcastro.wordpress.com/2014/05/13/castro-street-history-walk/]</ref> They were installed at the same time as the inaugural twenty RHW plaques. The CSHW goes in chronological order starting at [[Harvey Milk Plaza]] at Market Street, up to 19th Street, and returning on the opposite side of Castro Street.<ref>[https://planetcastro.wordpress.com/2014/05/13/castro-street-history-walk/]</ref> |
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The facts are limited to 230 characters, and were installed in pairs along with a single graphic reminiscent of the historic [[Castro Theater]].<ref>[https://planetcastro.wordpress.com/2014/05/13/castro-street-history-walk/]</ref> |
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== 2014 Honorees == |
== 2014 Honorees == |
Revision as of 00:42, 16 August 2019
The Rainbow Honor Walk (RHW) is a walk of fame installation in San Francisco, California to honor notable lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals from around the world.[1] Its bronze plaques honor LGBTQ individuals who "made significant contributions in their fields".[2] The plaques mark a walk located within the business district of the Castro neighborhood, which for decades has been the city's center of LGBTQ activism and culture.[1][3]
The project was founded by David Perry to honor LGBTQ pioneers, who are considered to have laid the groundwork for LGBTQ rights, and to teach future generations about them.[4][1] The sidewalk installations are planned to extend from the Harvey Milk Civil Rights Academy at 19th Street & Collingwood, to proceed along Castro Street to its intersection with Market Street, and follow Market to the San Francisco LGBT Community Center at Octavia Boulevard; additionally the Walk will branch out in both directions at 18th Street and Castro.[5] The RHW eventually could number up to 500 honorees.[6]
A separate sidewalk installation, the Castro Street History Walk, is a series of twenty historical fact plaques about the neighborhood—ten from pre-1776 to the 1960s before the Castro became known as a gay neighborhood, and ten “significant events associated with the queer community in the Castro”—contained within the 400 and 500 blocks of the street between 19th and Market streets.[7]
History
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In the late 1980s David Perry, “whose public relations firm has handled everything from the Olympic Torch Relay in 2008 and the 2016 Super Bowl 50 Committee,” and a gay man, had an epiphany while walking past the Castro Theater in San Francisco’s Castro district, the cultural center of the city’s LGBTQ communities for decades.[8] The neighborhood was one of the country’s epicenters during the height of the HIV/AIDS pandemic before the AIDS cocktail in the 1990s, and during the city’s response to slow the impact on the gay male community. Perry said,
"I was very cognizant of the fact we were losing a generation of people. And I was thinking: What happens if there's no one here to tell our story? We need to memorialize our history, because if we don't, nobody else will. Or they'll tell it in the wrong way."[8]
The Bay Area Reporter noted five of the inaugural twenty: Keith Haring, activist George Choy, Sylvester, Randy Shilts, and Tom Waddell; all died from AIDS.[9] Perry envisioned a Hollywood Walk of Fame but for LGBTQ people to reach future generations.[8] The RHW could eventually include 500 honorees.[6]
In 1994 Perry proposed the LGBTQ walk of fame to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and LGBTQ community leaders, who approved the concept.[10] Because of the more urgent needs related to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in San Francisco, the project and its fundraising goals were put on hold.[11] Separately in 2009, Isak Lindenauer, a longtime Castro resident and business owner, had a similar vision so they joined efforts.[12] Lindenauer coined the Rainbow Honor Walk name.[9] Supervisor Bevan Dufty authored city legislation for the project in 2010,[13] although most of the details including design, and scope had yet to be worked out.[14]
The RHW has been approved to extend from the Harvey Milk Civil Rights Academy at 19th Street & Collingwood, to proceed along Castro Street (the 400 and 500 blocks) to its intersection with Market Street, and follow Market to the San Francisco LGBT Community Center at Octavia Boulevard; additionally the RHW will branch out in both directions where 18th Street intersects Castro street.[5][15]
In 2009, Perry and other community advocates co-founded the RHW, an all-volunteer, non-profit organization to manage the process of identifying and documenting about twenty honorees each round, and to gain funding for commissioning plaques and their installation.[10] Perry has served as the board chair until stepping down in 2019, although he’ll remain as an unpaid consultant to the project.[8] Anyone can nominate potential honorees, the inaugural round had more than 150 people.[8][12] In 2011 the non-profit announced the inaugural twenty honorees, whose plaques were installed in 2014.[5]
RHW board
The ten-member RHW board of directors oversees all aspects of the project.[8] In addition to selecting the honorees, they direct the planning, fundraising, and execution of producing and placing the permanent bronze plaques.[8]
As of August 2019, the RHW board includes:[16] Peter Goss,[5][17] Madeline Hancock,[5][18] Karen Helmuth,[5][18] Ben Leong,[5][19] Bill Lipsky,[5][20] board president and founder David Perry,[5][21] Joseph D. Robinson;[5][22] attorney and straight ally Charlotte Ruffner whose served since 2013;[15][23] Donna Sachet,[5][24] Gustavo Serina,[5][25] Barbara Tannenbaum,[5][26] and Tarita Thomas.[5][27]
Among the fundraising efforts was a sale of local artist Beth Van Hoesen’s paintings, including of drag queens of the city: The Widow Norton, whose included in the RHW; and The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence.[28]
Design competition for plaques
In 2012 the RHW board held a no-fee, international design competition for the plaques, three foot by three foot in size to match the existing sidewalk.[5][29] Each plaque will contain: the honoree's name; birth and death dates; their signature, and a brief description of contributions.[15]
An independent blind jury of "curators from San Francisco's leading cultural institutions", LGBTQ community leaders, and a representative of San Francisco Arts Commission's (SFAC) Civic Design Committee determined four finalists.[29][9] Tom DeCaigny, Director of Cultural Affairs for the SFAC, said
"The Rainbow Honor Walk will not only be an inspiring educational tool for future generations, but an important, ongoing and permanent part of San Francisco's cultural landscape."[29]
The RHW board chose a design by architect Carlos Casuso of Madrid, Spain, who was given a $1000 honorarium.[5][29] His design proposes a bronze plaque cut into quarters, with each honoree's photo "digitally treated so it can be easily engraved in the bronze".[30] The engraved image is to fill the entirety of the plaque, while "one quarter is reserved for the honoree's biographical information".[30] The design was reviewed by the SFAC—which must approve all structures built on public property—and the Department of Public Works.[30] The images are acid etched in the bronze plaque which is an inch thick.[31] The finished pieces are also treated with a slip-resistant coating, and are bolted to the concrete.[31]
Mussi Artworks, a foundry in Berkeley, California, manufactures the plaques.[5] The process was overseen by Lawrence Noble, head of the sculpture department at SF Academy of Art University.[32] As of 2018, the cost is about $7000 each.
Inaugural round of honorees (2014)
The inaugural round of twenty honorees includes: Jane Addams, James Baldwin, George Choy, Federico Garcia Lorca, Allen Ginsberg, Keith Haring, Harry Hay, Christine Jorgensen, Frida Kahlo, Del Martin, Yukio Mishima (nee Kimitake Hiraoka), Bayard Rustin, Randy Shilts, Gertrude Stein, Sylvester, Alan Turing, Tom Waddell, Oscar Wilde, Tennessee Williams, and Virginia Woolf.[5] Co-founder David Perry noted at the time,
“...it's not just educating about the past. It's educating about the present and the future. We still do not have equal rights.[31]
The installation was coordinated to be incorporated into the Castro Street Streetscape Project, an extensive $10 million reimagining of Castro Street’s 400 and 500 blocks: including the intersection with 18th Street;[3][33] and improvements to Jane Warner Plaza at Castro and 17th streets, the F Market & Wharves outbound terminus of the heritage streetcars.[34] The light-posts were updated with rainbow lighting, street-friendly trees— Ginkgos and King Palms—installed, sidewalk ‘throughways’ widened, rainbow crosswalks installed, and walks and streets repaved.[3][35]
The plaques were unveiled September 2, 2014, and feature twenty "civil rights activists, writers, poets, artists, and musicians".[1] The opening ceremony took place at Harvey Milk Plaza, at the intersection of Castro and Market streets, with remarks from Perry and city representatives.[9] The inaugural plaques were placed in alphabetical order starting at the plaza: following Castro to 19th street; 19th to Collingwood Street; and then crossing the street to return back the same route.[9] They then proceeded to each plaque where LGBTQ leaders and RHW board members dedicated them in a cascading ceremony.[9]
The non-profit raised $100,000 for the first round of plaques.[36] They each cost approximately $6,000.[4] The funds came from private sources. Two Indiegogo online fundraisers for Sylvester (singer), and Alan Turing each raised $10,000.[9] Additionally thousands were raised by the sale of souvenirs at the Castro outlet of the Human Rights Campaign's Action Center.[5]
Two of the installed plaques were later seen to have typos: Oscar Wilde’s said he had a “bitting wit” rather than “biting wit”; and Christine Jorgensen’s spelled transgender without the “s”.[37] They were replaced by the manufacturer and both plaques with errors will be auctioned: Wilde’s to raise funds for the RHW; Jorgensen’s to benefit the Transgender Law Center.[38] They were replaced a month later.[39]
Second round of honorees (2016-2019)
There were 170 people nominated for the second round of honorees.[8] In June 2016 the second round of honorees, twenty-four total, was announced including: Alvin Ailey, W. H. Auden, Josephine Baker, Gladys Bentley, Glenn Burke, Quentin Crisp, Divine, Marie Equi, Fereydoun Farrokhzad, Barbara Jordan, Kiyoshi Kuromiya, Audre Lorde, Leonard Matlovich, Freddie Mercury, Sally Ride, Sylvia Rivera, Vito Russo, José Sarria, Maurice Sendak, Rikki Streicher, Gerry Studds, Lou Sullivan, Chavela Vargas, and We'wha.[5] These plaques were estimated to total $120,000.[40] Their estimated cost per plaque was around $7000 each.[32]
The first eight plaques of this round were unveiled in June 2018; and installed, on both sides of Market Street between Castro and Noe streets, in November of that year.[40] On the north side of Market Street are the plaques for Fereydoun Farakzah, Barbara Jordan, Kiyoshi Kuromiya, and Sally Ride.[40] On the south side is Glenn Burke, Jose Sarria, Rikki Streicher, and We'Wha.[40] These cost $48,437, while the project has $31,000 raised for the next plaques.[40]
The second eight’s designs were unveiled at a June 2019 Pride month RHW fundraiser at Google which raised over $3300.[15] The plaques themselves were installed in August 2019 on Market Street between Castro and Noe streets including: Chavela Vargas, Marie Equi; Josephine Baker, Freddie Mercury; Alvin Ailey, W.H. Auden, Gerry Studds, and Lou Sullivan.[8][15]
The third group of this round includes: Gladys Bentley, Audre Lorde, Divine, Sylvia Rivera, Leonard Matlovich, Vito Russo, Quentin Crisp, and Maurice Sendak.[15] They are planned to be installed by October 11, 2019, the annual observance of National Coming Out Day.[15]
Third round of honorees (2020)
Perry confirmed the third round of honorees should be announced in 2020.[15]
Castro Street History Walk
A separate sidewalk installation, the Castro Street History Walk (CSHW), is a series of twenty historical fact plaques about the neighborhood—ten from pre-1776 to the 1960s before the Castro became known as a gay neighborhood, and ten “significant events associated with the queer community in the Castro”—contained within the 400 and 500 blocks of the street between 19th and Market streets.[41] They were installed at the same time as the inaugural twenty RHW plaques. The CSHW goes in chronological order starting at Harvey Milk Plaza at Market Street, up to 19th Street, and returning on the opposite side of Castro Street.[42]
The facts are limited to 230 characters, and were installed in pairs along with a single graphic reminiscent of the historic Castro Theater.[43]
2014 Honorees
A
- Jane Addams, was a pioneering lesbian who is recognized as the founder of the field of social work in the United States.[44] She was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker,[45][46] sociologist,[47] public administrator,[48][49] and author. She was also a notable figure in women's suffrage in the United States and an advocate for world peace.[50] She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most notable settlement houses. In 1920, she co-founded the ACLU.[51] In 1931, Addams was the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [44] She is increasingly being recognized as a member of the American pragmatist school of philosophy, and is known by many as the first woman "public philosopher in the history of the United States".[52] Addams is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[1]
B
- James Baldwin was a gay African-American novelist, playwright, and activist. His essays, as collected in Notes of a Native Son (1955), explore intricacies of racial, sexual, and class distinctions in Western societies, most notably in mid-20th-century North America.[53] Some of Baldwin's essays are book-length, including The Fire Next Time (1963), No Name in the Street (1972), and The Devil Finds Work (1976). An unfinished manuscript, Remember This House, was expanded and adapted for cinema as the documentary film I Am Not Your Negro (2017), which featured historic footage of Baldwin and was nominated for an Academy Award.[54] One of his novels, If Beale Street Could Talk, was adapted as a dramatic film of the same name, released in 2018, which won an Academy Award. Baldwin's novels and plays explore fundamental personal questions and dilemmas amid the complex social and psychological pressures that thwart the equitable integration of not only African Americans, but also gay and bisexual men. He also depicts some internalized obstacles to such individuals' quests for acceptance. Such dynamics are prominent in Baldwin's second novel, Giovanni's Room (1956), published well before the gay liberation movement of the later twentieth century.[55] He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[36]
C
- George Choy was a gay Asian-American LGBTQ and HIV/AIDS activist who fought for human rights for LGBTQ Asian and Pacific Islanders.[56] He grew up in San Francisco's Chinatown, where he witnessed the minority's struggles for rights.[56] He "came out" after high school and became an early member of San Francisco's Gay Asian Pacific Alliance.[56] In the spring of 1990, Choy led GAPA's Project 10 effort to get approval for paid counseling for San Francisco's LGBTQ public school students; despite the claims that no Asian queer people existed, it passed.[56] The next year he was GAPA's point person assisting a lawsuit against the city government of Tokyo, Japan, in order to gain approval for a queer group, OCCUR, to use its youth center. He organized supporting activities in both San Francisco and Tokyo, and also in Osaka.[56] Choy was a health worker and an activist with both GAPA and ACT-UP.[56] He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[36]
G
- Federico García Lorca was a gay Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27, a group consisting mostly of poets, who introduced the tenets of European movements (such as symbolism, futurism, and surrealism) into Spanish literature.[57] He was executed by Nationalist forces at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.[58][59][60][61][62] He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[36]
- Allen Ginsberg was a gay American poet, philosopher and writer. He is considered to be one of the leading figures of both the Beat Generation during the 1950s and the counterculture of the following decade. He vigorously opposed militarism, economic materialism, and sexual repression, and was known to embody various aspects of this counterculture, such as his views on drugs, hostility to bureaucracy, and openness to Eastern religions.[63] He was one of many influential American writers of his time who were associated with the Beat Generation. He is best known for his poem "Howl", in which he denounced what he saw as the destructive forces of capitalism and conformity in the United States.[64][65][66] In 1957, his poem attracted widespread publicity as the subject of an obscenity trial; it described homosexual sex at a time when sodomy laws made homosexual acts a crime in every U.S. state. "Howl" reflected Ginsberg's own sexuality and his relationships with a number of men, including Peter Orlovsky, his lifelong partner.[67] Ginsberg took part in decades of non-violent political protest against the Vietnam War and the War on Drugs.[68] His collection The Fall of America was one of two books honored in 1974 by the annual U.S. National Book Award for Poetry.[69] In 1979, he received the National Arts Club gold medal and was inducted into the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.[70] Ginsberg was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 1995 for his book Cosmopolitan Greetings: Poems 1986–1992.[71] He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[1]
H
- Keith Haring was a gay American pop artist whose graffiti-like work developed from the New York City street culture of the 1980s: he addressed political and social themes—especially homosexuality and AIDS—through his own iconography and sexual allusions. He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[36]
- Harry Hay is a gay American who was involved in some of the earliest gay rights organizations, including the Mattachine Society, the first sustained gay rights group in the United States. In addition, he co-founded the Radical Faeries, an international, loosely affiliated gay spiritual movement. He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[36]
J
- Christine Jorgensen was an American transsexual who was the first person to become widely known in the U.S. for having sex reassignment surgery in her twenties. Jorgensen grew up in the Bronx, New York City. Shortly after graduating from high school in 1945, she was drafted as a male into the U.S. Army for World War II. After her service, she attended several schools, and worked. Around this time she heard about sex reassignment surgery. She traveled to Europe. In Copenhagen, Denmark, she obtained special permission to undergo a series of operations for reassignment, starting in 1951.[72] She returned to the United States in the early 1950s, where her transition was the subject of a New York Daily News front-page story. Jorgenson became an instant celebrity, and used this platform to advocate for transgender people; she became known for her directness and polished wit. She worked as an actress and nightclub entertainer, and recorded several songs. She is among the inaugural twenty honored in 2014. (Her plaque had a typo and was replaced at no cost to the project.[4] The original was auctioned off with the proceeds donated to the Transgender Law Center.)[36]
K
- Frida Kahlo was a bisexual Mexican artist.[73][74][75] She was a painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, she used a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class, and race in Mexican society.[76] In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement, which sought to define a Mexican identity, Kahlo has been described as a surrealist or magical realist.[77] By the early 1990s, she was a recognized figure in art history, and was also regarded as an icon for Chicanos, the feminism movement, and the LGBTQ movement. Kahlo's work has been celebrated internationally as emblematic of Mexican national and indigenous traditions, and by feminists for its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form.[78] She is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[1]
M
- Del Martin was a lesbian American feminist and gay-rights activist who, along with her wife Phyllis Ann Lyon, founded the Daughters of Bilitis (DOB) in 1955. DOB was the first social and political organization for lesbians in the U.S. The couple served as president and editor of the organization's magazine, The Ladder. The couple joined the National Organization for Women(NOW) together, the first openly lesbian couple to do so. They were the first couple married in the historic San Francisco 2004 same-sex weddings. As these weddings were ruled legally invalid, they were the first couple married again in June 2008, after the California Supreme Court's decision In re Marriage Cases. Martin is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[1]
- Harvey Milk was a gay American activist who was the first openly-gay elected official in California, where he was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. He was the most pro-LGBTQ politician in the United States at the time. Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated in city hall; the White Night riots broke out in protest. Despite his short career in politics, Milk became an icon in the city and a martyr of the gay community.[a] In 2002, Milk was called "the most famous and most significantly open LGBT official ever elected in the United States". He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. The walk passes in front of Milk's former camera shop, which is now a Human Rights Campaign headquarters.[1] Milk is not technically part of the walk, since he already had an existing sidewalk plaque in front of his former office.[1]
- Yukio Mishima was a gay Japanese author, poet, playwright, actor, model, film director, nationalist, and founder of the Tatenokai. Mishima is considered one of the most important Japanese authors of the 20th century. He was considered for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1968[83][84] A fierce critic of Marxist ideologies and considered anti-Marxist by the Soviet Union's KGB,[85] Mishima formed the Tatenokai. This was an unarmed civilian militia to defend the Japanese Emperor in the event of a revolution by Japanese communists. On November 25, 1970, Mishima and four members of his militia entered a military base in central Tokyo, took the commandant hostage, and attempted to inspire the Japan Self-Defense Forces to overturn Japan's 1947 Constitution. When this was unsuccessful, Mishima committed suicide by seppuku. He is among the inaugural twenty people honored in 2014.[36]
R
- Bayard Rustin was a gay, African-American activist and leader in the African American Civil Rights Movement in the United States, from the 1940s through the 1980s. He co-organized the 1941 March on Washington Movement to end racial discrimination in housing and employment, and was active as a socialist and in the early movements for gay rights. He later organized the Freedom Riders In the American South, and he was instrumental in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference alongside Martin Luther King Jr., teaching King about nonviolent direct action. Rustin organized the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, considered a turning point in the movement for civil and economic rights for Black Americans. It inspired those working for social justice, worldwide. Due to overt homophobia and discrimination, Rustin often organized behind the scenes, supporting civil rights leaders who were not openly gay. In the 1980s, he became a more public advocate on behalf of gay causes. In November 2013, President Barack Obama posthumously awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which Rustin's partner, Walter Naegle, accepted on his behalf. Rustin is among the inaugural twenty people honored in 2014.[36]
S
- Randy Shilts was a gay American literary-journalist and author. A prolific reporter, in 1981 he became "the first openly gay reporter with a gay 'beat' in the American mainstream press" at the San Francisco Chronicle. He published his first book in 1982, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk. His second book, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic(1987), documented the early years of the AIDS epidemic in the U.S. His third book, Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the US Military from Vietnam to the Persian Gulf, was published in 1983. He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[1]
- Gertrude Stein was a lesbian American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in Oakland, she moved to Paris in 1903 as a young woman, and made France her home for the remainder of her life. There she hosted a salon, where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art would meet.[86] In 1933, Stein published a quasi-memoir of her Paris years, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, written in the voice of Alice B. Toklas, her life partner. The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of high modernist literature into the limelight of mainstream attention.[87] Two quotes from her works have become widely known: "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose",[88] and "there is no there there", with the latter often believed to refer to her childhood home of Oakland, California. Her books include Q.E.D.(1903), about a lesbian romantic affair involving several of Stein's friends; Fernhurst, a novel bout a love triangle; Three Lives (1905–06), and The Making of Americans (1902–1911). In Tender Buttons (1914), Stein explored lesbian sexuality.[89] She is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[1]
- Sylvester was a gay African-American singer-songwriter, who was primarily active in the genres of disco, rhythm and blues, and soul. He was known for his flamboyant and androgynous appearance, falsetto singing voice, and hit disco singles in the late 1970s and 1980s. Moving to San Francisco in 1970 at the age of 22, Sylvester embraced the counterculture. He joined the avant-garde drag troupe The Cockettes, producing solo segments of their shows that were strongly influenced by such female blues and jazz singers as Billie Holiday and Josephine Baker. With his second solo album Step II (1978), he released the singles "You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)" and "Dance (Disco Heat)", both of which were hits in the U.S. and Europe. As an openly gay man throughout his career, Sylvester became a spokesman for the gay community.[90] An activist who campaigned against HIV/AIDS, Sylvester died from complications arising from the virus in 1988. He bequeathed all future royalties from his work to San Francisco-based HIV/AIDS charities. During the late 1970s, Sylvester gained the moniker of the "Queen of Disco" and was awarded the key to the city of San Francisco. In 2005, he was posthumously inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame. He has been the subject of a biography, film documentary, and a musical. He is among the inaugural twenty honored in 2014;[1] the only musician honored in the first round.[91][b]
T
- Alan Turing was a gay British man who was a mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.[92] He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine. This is considered a model of a general-purpose computer.[93][94] Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.[95] During the Second World War, Turing worked for Britain's code-breaking centre that produced Ultra intelligence; it was pivotal in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Nazis in many crucial engagements and in so doing helped win the war.[96][c] After the war, Turing worked at the National Physical Laboratory, where he designed the Automatic Computing Engine, which was one of the first designs for a stored-program computer. In July 2019 the Bank of England announced that Turing would be depicted on the United Kingdom's new £50 note. He is among the inaugural twenty honored in 2014.[1]
W
- Tom Waddell was a gay American athlete and competitor at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where he placed sixth in the decathlon. He broke five of his own personal records in the ten events. He became a physician. In 1982 he founded the Gay Olympics in San Francisco. The international sporting event was later renamed as the Gay Games after the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) sued Waddell for using the word "Olympic" in the original name. They did not appear to object to the Special Olympics using the term. The Gay Games are held every four years. Waddell established his private medical practice in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco in 1974. As a doctor, he also worked internationally, becoming the team physician for the Saudi Arabian Olympic team at the 1976 Montreal Olympics.[100] In the 1980s, Waddell was employed at the City Clinic in San Francisco's Civic Center area. After his death, it was renamed for him. He was among the inaugural twenty people honored in 2014.[36]
- Oscar Wilde was a gay Anglo-Irish poet and playwright best remembered for his epigrams and plays, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, and the circumstances of imprisonment for homosexuality in England. He became known for his involvement in the rising philosophy of aestheticism. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he published a book of poems, and lectured in the United States and Canada on the new "English Renaissance in Art" and interior decoration. After his return to London, he published prolifically as a journalist. Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress and glittering conversational skill, Wilde became one of the best-known public figures of his day. At the turn of the 1890s, he refined his ideas about the supremacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into what would be his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). Wilde wrote and produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, becoming one of the most successful playwrights of late-Victorian London. He is among the inaugural twenty honored In 2014.[1][d]
- Tennessee Williams was a gay American man known as a playwright considered among the foremost three of 20th-century American drama.[101][e] After years of obscurity, at age 33 he became famous with the success of his The Glass Menagerie(1944) on Broadway. He drew from his own family background for this play. It was the first of a string of successes, including A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), Sweet Bird of Youth (1959), and The Night of the Iguana (1961). Streetcar is often numbered on short lists of the finest American plays of the 20th century.[101] Much of his work has been adapted for the cinema. In 1979, Williams was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.[102] He is among the inaugural twenty honored in 2014.[1]
- Virginia Woolf was a bisexual English writer, considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors and a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.[103] Throughout her life, Woolf was troubled by mental illness, believed to have been bipolar disorder, for which there was no effective intervention during her lifetime. She married Leonard Woolf, with whom she set up a small printing press. She also had a sexual relationship with "the lovely gifted aristocratic [Vita] Sackville-West", a writer and gardener.{sfn|Todd|2001|loc=p.13}}[104] The relationship reached its peak between 1925 and 1928, evolving into more of a friendship through the 1930s.[105] Woolf was also inclined to brag of her affairs with other women within her intimate circle, such as Sibyl Colefax and Comtesse de Polignac.[106] Sackville-West transformed Wolf's view to see her writing as healing her symptoms. Her best-known works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and Orlando (1928), which features a gender-shifting protagonist. She is also known for her essays, including A Room of One's Own (1929), in which she wrote the much-quoted dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." Woolf became one of the central subjects of the 1970s movement of feminist criticism, and her works have garnered much attention and widespread commentary for "inspiring feminism." She is among the inaugural twenty honored in 2014.[1]
Notes
- ^ Milk was described as a martyr by news outlets as early as 1979, by biographer Randy Shilts in 1982,[79] and University of San Francisco professor Peter Novak in 2003.[80][81][82]
- ^ His original plaque had a typo so was replaced at no cost to the project.[4]
- ^ A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. Both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have said they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim, nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it. The Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths'.[97][98] A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has been amended to say there is no evidence for it.[99]
- ^ Wilde's original plaque had a typo noting his "biting" humor as "bitting"; the plaque was replaced by the manufacturer with the original auctioned off to raise more funds for the project.[4]
- ^ Along with contemporaries Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller,
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Shelter, Scott (March 14, 2016). "The Rainbow Honor Walk: San Francisco's LGBT Walk of Fame". Quirky Travel Guy. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ "Castro's Rainbow Honor Walk Dedicated Today". SFist. September 2, 2014.
- ^ a b c Castro Street Streetscape Improvement Project | Public Works
- ^ a b c d e "Castro's Rainbow Honor Walk enshrines LGBT icons, typos". The San Francisco Examiner. September 4, 2014. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Carnivele, Gary (July 2, 2016). "Second LGBT Honorees Selected for San Francisco's Rainbow Honor Walk". We The People. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
- ^ a b New Rainbow Honor Walk for the Castro District Unveiled
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i KQED
- ^ a b c d e f g Bay Area Reporter :: Castro LGBT history plaques to debut
- ^ a b "David Perry". Retrieved 2019-08-10.
- ^ Andres (June 8, 2010). "Rainbow Honor Walk". David Perry & Associates. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
- ^ a b [2]
- ^ http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/resolutions10/r0089-10.pdf
- ^ Castro Courier
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bay Area Reporter :: Castro to see more LGBT honor plaques
- ^ "Board / Committees | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Peter Goss | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ a b Andres (October 30, 2015). "Rainbow Honor Walk Names New Board Members". David Perry & Associates. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
- ^ "Benjamin Leong | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Bill Lipsky | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "David Perry | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Joseph D. Robinson | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Charlotte Ruffner | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Donna Sachet | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Gustavo Seriñá | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Barbara Tannenbaum | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ "Tarita Thomas | Rainbow Honor Walk".
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b c d "International Design Competition San Francisco's Rainbow Honor Walk Contest Extended through July 15". David Perry & Associates].
- ^ a b c "Winner of International Design Competition Announced for San Francisco's Rainbow Honor Walk". David Perry & Associates]}date=.
- ^ a b c The Castro's Rainbow Honor Walk: A Preview Stroll with David Perry
- ^ a b Walmart PRIDE Associate Resource Group donates $10,000 to the Rainbow Honor Walk – David Perry & Associates
- ^ [4]
- ^ [5]
- ^ [6]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fernandez, Lisa (September 3, 2014). "Typos in "Rainbow" Sidewalk Honoring LGBT Heroes". NBC Bay Area. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ https://abc7news.com/society/spelling-errors-tarnish-new-castro-plaques/291661/
- ^ [7]
- ^ Castro Bubble: Misspelled Rainbow Honor Walk Plaques Replaced
- ^ a b c d e [8]
- ^ [9]
- ^ [10]
- ^ [11]
- ^ a b Stuart, Paul H. "Social Work Profession: History". SOCIAL WORK National Assoc. of Social Workers Press. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
- ^ Franklin, D. (1986). "Mary Richmond and Jane Addams: From Moral Certainty to Rational Inquiry in Social Work Practice", Social Service Review , 504-525.
- ^ Chambers, C. (1986). "Women in the Creation of the Profession of Social Work". Social Service Review , 60 (1), 1–33.
- ^ Deegan, M. J. (1988). Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892 - 1918. New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Transaction Books.
- ^ Shields, Patricia M. (2017). "Jane Addams: Pioneer in American Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration". In, P. Shields Editor, Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration pp. 43–68.ISBN 978-3-319-50646-3
- ^ Stivers, C. (2009). "A Civic Machinery for Democratic Expression: Jane Addams on Public Administration". In M. Fischer, C. Nackenoff, & W. Chielewski, Jane Addams and the Practice of Democracy (pp. 87–97). Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
- ^ Shields, Patricia M. (2017). "Jane Addams: Peace Activist and Peace Theorist" In, P. Shields Editor, Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration pp. 31-42. ISBN 978-3-319-50646-3
- ^ "Celebrating Women's History Month: The Fight for Women's Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU". ACLU Virginia.
- ^ Maurice Hamington, "Jane Addams" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2010) portrays her as a radical pragmatist and the first woman 'public philosopher" in United States history".
- ^ Public Broadcasting Service (n.d.). "James Baldwin: About the Author". American Masters. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- ^ "I Am Not Your Negro". Archived from the original on September 5, 2017.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Gounardoo, Joseph J. Rodgers, Jean-François (1992). The Racial Problem in the Works of Richard Wright and James Baldwin. Greenwood Press. pp. 158, 148–200.
- ^ a b c d e f Lipsky, Bill (September 24, 2015). "Rainbow Honor Walk: Passionate Activist George Choy". San Francisco Bay Times. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
- ^ "Generation of 1927 - Spanish literature". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. n.d. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ Ian Gibson, The Assassination of Federico García Lorca. Penguin (1983) ISBN 0-14-006473-7
- ^ "Home". The New York Review of Books.
- ^ José Luis Vila-San-Juan, García Lorca, Asesinado: Toda la verdad Barcelona, Editorial Planeta (1975) ISBN 84-320-5610-3 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 September 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Reuters, "Spanish judge opens case into Franco's atrocities", International Herald Tribune (16 October 2008) Archived 10 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Estefania, Rafael (18 August 2006). "Poet's death still troubles Spain". BBC News. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Ginsberg, Allen (1926-1997)". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Ginsberg, Allen (2000), Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays 1952–1995. Foreword by Edward Sanders. New York: Harper Collins, pp. xx–xxi.
- ^ de Grazia, Edward. (1992) Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius. New York: Random House, pp. 330–31.
- ^ About Allen Ginsberg. pbs.org. December 29, 2002
- ^ Kramer, Jane (1968), Allen Ginsberg in America. New York: Random House, pp. 43–46, on Ginsberg's first meeting with Orlovsky and the conditions of their marriage. Also see, Miles, pp. 178–79, on Ginsberg's description of sex with Orlovsky as "one of the first times that I felt open with a boy."
- ^ Ginsberg, Allen Deliberate Prose, the foreword by Edward Sanders, p. xxi.
- ^ In 1993, Ginsberg visited the University of Maine at Orono for a conference, to pay homage to the 90-year-old poet Carl Rakosi and to read poems as well. "National Book Awards — 1974". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-04-07 (with acceptance speech by Ginsberg and essay by John Murillo from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
- ^ Miles, p. 484.
- ^ "The Pulitzer Prizes | Poetry". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ "21 Transgender People Who Influenced American Culture". Time Magazine.
- ^ Lindauer, Margaret A. (2011). Devouring Frida: the Art History and Popular Celebrity of Frida Kahlo. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 9780819563477. OCLC 767498280.
- ^ Wilton, Tamsin (2013-11-10). "glbtq >> arts >> Kahlo, Frida". web.archive.org. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ Delgado, Marina. The Female Grotesque in the Works of Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Isabelle Allende, and Frida Kahlo. The University of Texas at Dallas, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2010.
- ^ Christiane, Weidemann (30 April 2008). 50 women artists you should know. Larass, Petra., Klier, Melanie. Munich: Prestel. ISBN 978-3-7913-3956-6. OCLC 195744889.
- ^ Rosenthal, Mark (2015). Diego and Frida: High Drama in Detroit. New Haven; London : Yale University Press, [2015]: Detroit Institute of Arts. p. 117. ISBN 9780895581778.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=
(help)CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Broude, Norma; Garrard, Mary D (1992). The Expanding Discourse: Feminism and Art History. p. 399.
- ^ Shilts, p. 348.
- ^ United Press International [October 15, 1979]; printed in the Edmonton Journal, p. B10.
- ^ Skelton, Nancy; Stein, Mark [October 22, 1985]. S.F. Assassin Dan White Kills Himself, Los Angeles Times, Retrieved on February 3, 2012.
- ^ Nolte, Carl [November 26, 2003]. "City Hall Slayings: 25 Years Later", The San Francisco Chronicle, p. A-1.
- ^ "Revealing the many masks of Mishima". The Japan Times. Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
- ^ Andrew Rankin, Mishima, Aesthetic Terrorist: An Intellectual Portrait (University of Hawaii Press, 2018), p. 119.
- ^ Inside The Soviet KGB's Secret War On Western Books, Eduard (21 April 2019). "Inside The Soviet KGB's Secret War On Western Books". RadioFreeEurope Radio Liberty. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- ^ "Extravagant Crowd: Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas". Retrieved October 16, 2012.
- ^ Mellow, James R. (May 3, 1998). "The Stein Salon Was The First Museum of Modern Art". New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
- ^ "Natias Neutert about Gertrude Stein's Rose" – via www.youtube.com.
- ^ Blackmer (1995)
- ^ Gamson 2005, p. 221.
- ^ Palmer, Tamara (September 5, 2014). "Disco Legend Sylvester Remembered With Musical and Rainbow Honor Walk Plaque". Billboard. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ Anon (2017). "Turing, Alan Mathison". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U243891.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: More than one of|surname=
and|author=
specified (help); Unknown parameter|othernames=
ignored (help) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required) - ^ Newman, M.H.A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 253–263. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019. JSTOR 769256.
- ^ Sipser 2006, p. 137
- ^ Beavers 2013, p. 481
- ^ Copeland, Jack (18 June 2012). "Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'". BBC News Technology. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Schilling, Jonathan. "Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory". The Churchill Centre: Myths. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ Hodges, Andrew. "Part 4: The Relay Race". Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Spencer, Clare (11 September 2009). "Profile: Alan Turing". BBC News.
Update 13 February 2015
- ^ Virtual AIDS Quilt.org Retrieved 18 May 2012
- ^ a b Bloom, Harold, ed. (1987). Tennessee Williams. Chelsea House Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 978-0877546368.
- ^ "Theater Hall of Fame Enshrines 51 Artists". November 19, 1979. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Lee, Hermione, Virginia Woolf, (Vintage, 1999).
- ^ Boynton & Malin 2005, p. 580.
- ^ Cramer 1997, p. 126
- ^ Garnett 2011, p. 131.
Sources
- Beavers, Anthony (2013). "Alan Turing: Mathematical Mechanist". In Cooper, S. Barry; van Leeuwen, Jan (eds.). Alan Turing: His Work and Impact. Waltham: Elsevier. pp. 481–485. ISBN 978-0-12-386980-7.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Blackmer, Corrine E (1995), "Gertrude Stein", in Claude J. Summers (ed.), The Gay and Lesbian Literary Heritage, ISBN 978-0-8050-5009-7
- Boynton, Victoria; Malin, Jo, eds. (2005). Encyclopedia of Women's Autobiography: Volume 2 K-Z. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32739-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Barrett, Eileen; Cramer, Patricia, eds. (1997). Virginia Woolf: Lesbian Readings. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-1263-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)- Cramer, Patricia. Lesbian readings of Woolf's novels: Introduction. pp. 117–127.
- Gamson, Joshua (2005). The Fabulous Sylvester: The Legend, the Music, the 70s in San Francisco. New York City: Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-312-42569-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Garnett, Angelica (2011) [1985]. Deceived With Kindness. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4464-7525-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Miles, Barry, 1943- (2000). Ginsberg : a biography (Rev. ed.). London: Virgin. ISBN 0753504863. OCLC 46809299.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Shilts, Randy. The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life & Times of Harvey Milk (First ed.). New York. ISBN 0312523300. OCLC 7948538.
- Sipser, Michael (2006). Introduction to the Theory of Computation. PWS Publishing. ISBN 978-0-534-95097-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Todd, Pamela (2001). Bloomsbury at Home. Pavilion. ISBN 978-1-86205-428-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Woolf, Virginia (1977–1984). Bell, Anne Oliver (ed.). The Diary of Virginia Woolf 5 vols. Houghton Mifflin.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)- — (1979). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume One 1915–1919. ISBN 978-0-544-31037-7.
- — (1981). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Two 1920–1924. ISBN 978-0-14-005283-1.
- — (1978). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Three 1925–1930.
- — (1985). The Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Five 1936–1941. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-15-626040-4.
External links
- Official website
- Scott Lettieri (10 August 2019). "Rainbow Honor Walk Adds Plaques". KCBS Radio. Retrieved 13 August 2019.</ref>