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Through his writings, Frashëri exerted a strong influence on later [[Albanian literature]] and society.<ref>{{Citation|last=Elsie|first=Robert|title=Albanian literature: a short history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ox3Wx1Nl_2MC&pg=PA100|accessdate=18 January 2011|year=2005|publisher=I.B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Albanian Studies|location=London, UK|isbn=1-84511-031-5|page=100|chapter=Writing in the independence period |quote=major source of inspiration and guiding lights for most Albanian poets and intellectuals|ref=}}</ref> The independent Albanian state created an [[Order (decoration)|order of merit]] that bears his name, awarded to, amongst others, [[Mother Teresa]]. A publishing house in [[Tirana]] was named ''Naim Frashëri''. Some Albanian elementary schools are named ''Naim Frashëri'' in his honor.<ref>[http://naimfrasheri.org Naim Frashëri official website], naimfrasheri.org; accessed 5 February 2017.</ref>
Through his writings, Frashëri exerted a strong influence on later [[Albanian literature]] and society.<ref>{{Citation|last=Elsie|first=Robert|title=Albanian literature: a short history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ox3Wx1Nl_2MC&pg=PA100|accessdate=18 January 2011|year=2005|publisher=I.B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Albanian Studies|location=London, UK|isbn=1-84511-031-5|page=100|chapter=Writing in the independence period |quote=major source of inspiration and guiding lights for most Albanian poets and intellectuals|ref=}}</ref> The independent Albanian state created an [[Order (decoration)|order of merit]] that bears his name, awarded to, amongst others, [[Mother Teresa]]. A publishing house in [[Tirana]] was named ''Naim Frashëri''. Some Albanian elementary schools are named ''Naim Frashëri'' in his honor.<ref>[http://naimfrasheri.org Naim Frashëri official website], naimfrasheri.org; accessed 5 February 2017.</ref>


Naim Frashëri is depicted on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]]s of the Albanian 500 [[Albanian lek|lekë]] banknote of 1992–1996, and the 200 lekë banknote issued since 1996.<ref>[http://www.bankofalbania.org/web/Albanian_banknotes_issue_from_Bank_of_Albania_202_2.php Bank of Albania]. Currency: Banknotes in circulation]; retrieved 23 March 2009.</ref>
Naim Frashëri is depicted on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]]s of the Albanian 500 [[Albanian lek|lekë]] banknote of 1992–1996, and the 200 lekë banknote issued since 1996.<ref>[http://www.bankofalbania.org/web/Albanian_banknotes_issue_from_Bank_of_Albania_202_2.php Bank of Albania] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226154906/http://www.bankofalbania.org/web/Albanian_banknotes_issue_from_Bank_of_Albania_202_2.php |date=2009-02-26 }}. Currency: Banknotes in circulation]; retrieved 23 March 2009.</ref>


==Works==
==Works==

Revision as of 23:41, 28 November 2017

This article is about the Albanian writer. For the Albanian actor, see Naim Frashëri (actor).
Naim Frashëri
Picture of Naim Frasheri
Born(1846-05-25)25 May 1846
Frashër, Ottoman Empire, now Albania
Died20 October 1900(1900-10-20) (aged 54)
Kadıköy, Istanbul in Ottoman Empire, now Turkey
OccupationPoet, and translator
GenreRomanticism
Literary movementAlbanian National Awakening
SpouseHatixhe
ChildrenNerqeze and Nevrezi
RelativesAbdyl Frashëri (brother)
Sami Frashëri (brother)
Mit'hat Frashëri (nephew)
Ali Sami Yen (nephew)

Naim Frashëri (25 May 1846 – 20 October 1900) was an Albanian poet, writer and one of the most prominent patriots of Albanian national movement for independence from the Ottoman Empire. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Albania.[1] He authored 22 works.

Early life and career

Naim Frashëri was born in 1846 in Frashër, a village of 1500 residents in the Vilayet of Janina. He was one of eight children of Halit bey (1797–1859) and Emine Hanım (1814–1861).[2][3][2] His paternal family traditions held that they were descendants of timar holders that hailed from the Berat region before going to live in Frashër.[2] While their mother Emine Hanım (1814–1861)[3] was descended from Imrahor Ilyas Bey, a distinguished 15th century Ottoman Albanian commander from the Korçë area.[2] Kristo Frashëri, a member of the family points out that the first Frashëri documented was an Albanian merchant in Thessaloniki.[4] Although of distinct origin the family seemed to be of modest financial means by the mid-nineteenth century.[2]

Naim spent his childhood in Frashër, where he began learning Ottoman Turkish, Persian and Arabic. As a member of a family which gave him a strong Bektashi upbringing he spent a part of his time in a Bektashi tekke. After the death of their parents the family moved to Ioannina in 1865. The oldest of brothers, Abdyl (b. 1839), became the family head at the age of 22 and started working as a merchant.[5] That year Naim and Sami enrolled in the Zosimaia secondary school.[6] The education there provided Naim with the basics of a classical education along Western lines. Apart from languages he learned in the Zosiamaia (Ancient and Modern Greek, French and Italian), Naim took private lessons in Persian, Turkish and Arabic from two important local Bektashi.[5][7] Frashëri showed interest in Bektashism, Persian poetry and Age of Enlightenment. Robert Elsie states that "His education in Janina made of him a prime example of a nineteenth-century Ottoman intellectual equally at home in both cultures, the Western and the Oriental".[5] After he finished his studies in 1870, Naim worked for a few months at the press office in Istanbul (1870) but was forced to return to his home village because of tuberculosis. The climate of Frashër helped Naim and soon he started work as a clerk in Berat and later in Saranda (1872-1877).[8] However in 1876 Frashëri left the job and went in Baden, in modern Austria to cure his problems with rheumatism in a health resort.[5][7]

Influence and Recognition

Portrait of Naim Frashëri on the 200 lekë banknote

Through his writings, Frashëri exerted a strong influence on later Albanian literature and society.[9] The independent Albanian state created an order of merit that bears his name, awarded to, amongst others, Mother Teresa. A publishing house in Tirana was named Naim Frashëri. Some Albanian elementary schools are named Naim Frashëri in his honor.[10]

Naim Frashëri is depicted on the obverses of the Albanian 500 lekë banknote of 1992–1996, and the 200 lekë banknote issued since 1996.[11]

Works

Museum house of the Frasheri Brothers in Frasher, Permet, Albania
  1. Kavâid-i farisiyye dar tarz-i nevîn (Template:Lang-en), Istanbul, 1871.
  2. Ihtiraat ve kessfiyyat (Template:Lang-en), Istanbul, 1881.
  3. Fusuli erbea (Template:Lang-en), Istanbul, 1884.
  4. Tahayyülat (Template:Lang-en), Istanbul, 1884.
  5. Bagëti e Bujqësi (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1886.
  6. E këndimit çunavet (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1886.
  7. Istori e përgjithshme për mësonjëtoret të para (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1886.
  8. Vjersha për mësonjëtoret të para (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1886.
  9. Dituritë për mësonjëtoret të para (General knowledge for the first grades), Bucharest, 1886.
  10. O alithis pothos ton Skypetaron (Template:Lang-en, Template:Lang-el), Bucharest, 1886.
  11. Luletë e Verësë (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1890.
  12. Mësime (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1894.
  13. Parajsa dhe fjala fluturake,(Template:Lang-en) Bucharest, 1894.
  14. Gjithësia (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1895.
  15. Fletore e bektashinjët, (Template:Lang-en)Bucharest, 1895.
  16. O eros (Template:Lang-en, Template:Lang-el), Istanbul, 1895.
  17. Iliadh' e Omirit, Bucharest, Template:Lang-en, 1896.
  18. Histori e Skënderbeut (Template:Lang-en), Bucharest, 1898.
  19. Qerbelaja, Bucharest, (Template:Lang-en), 1898.
  20. Istori e Shqipërisë (Template:Lang-en), Sofia, 1899.
  21. Shqipëria (Template:Lang-en), Sofia, 1902.

References

  1. ^ Cornis-Pope, Marcel (2004). History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries. History of the Literary Cultures of East-central Europe. Vol. 2. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 291. ISBN 90-272-3453-1.
  2. ^ a b c d e Gawrych, George (2006). The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913. IB Tauris. p. 13.
  3. ^ a b Robert Elsie (2005). Albanian Literature: A Short History. I.B.Tauris. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-84511-031-4.
  4. ^ Frashëri, Kristo (2010). Frashëri, shkëlqimi dhe rrënimi i tij: vështrim i shkurtër. Geer. p. 14. ISBN 9789995688097.
  5. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Elsie2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Robert Elsie (2005). Albanian Literature: A Short History. I.B.Tauris. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84511-031-4.
  7. ^ a b Rexhep Qosja (2000). Porosia e madhe: monografi mbi krijimtarinë e Naim Frashërit [The Great Instruction]. pp. 34–42. ISBN 9789992713372.
  8. ^ Dhimitër S. Shuteriqi (1971). Historia e letërsisë shqipe (History of Albanian Literature).
  9. ^ Elsie, Robert (2005), "Writing in the independence period", Albanian literature: a short history, London, UK: I.B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Albanian Studies, p. 100, ISBN 1-84511-031-5, retrieved 18 January 2011, major source of inspiration and guiding lights for most Albanian poets and intellectuals
  10. ^ Naim Frashëri official website, naimfrasheri.org; accessed 5 February 2017.
  11. ^ Bank of Albania Archived 2009-02-26 at the Wayback Machine. Currency: Banknotes in circulation]; retrieved 23 March 2009.
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