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{{short description|Ukrainian anatomist and histologist (1834–1894)}}
{{short description|Russian anatomist and histologist (1834–1894)}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2025}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Volodymyr Betz
| name = Vladimir Betz
| image = Vladimir Betz.JPG
| image = Vladimir Betz.JPG
| image_size =
| image_size =
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| birth_place = Tatarovschina, [[Ostyorsky Uyezd]], [[Chernigov Governorate]], Russian Empire
| birth_place = Tatarovschina, [[Ostyorsky Uyezd]], [[Chernigov Governorate]], Russian Empire
| death_date = {{death date and age|1894|10|12|1834|04|26}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1894|10|12|1834|04|26}}
| death_place = [[Kyiv]]<!--See WP:KYIV-->, [[Kyiv Governorate]], Russian Empire<ref>Jessie Dobson: ''Anatomical Eponyms. Being a Biographical Dictionary of those Anatomists whose Names have become Incorporated into Anatomical Nomenclature, with Definitions of the Structures to which their Names have been Attached and References to the Works in which they are Described''. E. & S. Edinburgh/London: Livingstone, 1962, p. 24.</ref>
| death_place = [[Kiev]]<!--See WP:KIEV-->, [[Kiev Governorate]], Russian Empire<ref>Jessie Dobson: ''Anatomical Eponyms. Being a Biographical Dictionary of those Anatomists whose Names have become Incorporated into Anatomical Nomenclature, with Definitions of the Structures to which their Names have been Attached and References to the Works in which they are Described''. E. & S. Edinburgh/London: Livingstone, 1962, p. 24.</ref>
| field = [[Anatomy]]
| field = [[Anatomy]]
| work_institution =
| work_institution =
| alma_mater = [[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv|Saint Volodymyr University of Kyiv]]
| alma_mater = [[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv|Saint Vladimir University of Kiev]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| doctoral_students =
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}}
}}


'''Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz''' ({{langx|uk|Володимир Олексійович Бец}}; {{OldStyleDate|26 April|1834|14 April}} – {{OldStyleDate|12 October|1894|30 September}})<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kushchayev |first1=Sergiy V. |first2=Vitaliy F. |last2=Moskalenko |first3=Philip C. |last3=Wiener |first4=Vitaliy I. |last4=Tsymbaliuk |first5=Viktor G. |last5=Cherkasov |first6=Irina V. |last6=Dzyavulska |first7=Oleksander I. |last7=Kovalchuk |first8=Volker K. H. |last8=Sonntag |first9=Robert F. |last9=Spetzler |first10=Mark C. |last10=Preul |title=The Discovery of the Pyramidal Neurons: Volodymyr Betz and a New Era of Neuroscience |journal=Journal of Neurosurgery |volume=113 |issue=2 |publisher=American Association of Neurologic Surgeons |date=January 2012 |pmid=22075067 |doi=10.1093/brain/awr276}}</ref> was a Ukrainian anatomist and histologist who served as a professor at [[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv|Saint Volodymyr University of Kyiv]].
'''Vladimir Alexeyevich Betz''' or '''Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz''' ({{langx|ru|Владимир Алексеевич Бец}}; {{langx|uk|Володи́мир Олексійович Бец}}; {{OldStyleDate|26 April|1834|14 April}} – {{OldStyleDate|12 October|1894|30 September}})<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kushchayev |first1=Sergiy V. |first2=Vitaliy F. |last2=Moskalenko |first3=Philip C. |last3=Wiener |first4=Vitaliy I. |last4=Tsymbaliuk |first5=Viktor G. |last5=Cherkasov |first6=Irina V. |last6=Dzyavulska |first7=Oleksander I. |last7=Kovalchuk |first8=Volker K. H. |last8=Sonntag |first9=Robert F. |last9=Spetzler |first10=Mark C. |last10=Preul |title=The Discovery of the Pyramidal Neurons: Volodymyr Betz and a New Era of Neuroscience |journal=Journal of Neurosurgery |volume=113 |issue=2 |publisher=American Association of Neurologic Surgeons |date=January 2012 |pmid=22075067 |doi=10.1093/brain/awr276}}</ref> was a Russian anatomist and histologist of Ukrainian origin who served as a professor at [[Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv|Saint Vladimir University of Kiev]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Volodymyr Betz was born in a small village of Tatarovschina. He began his studies in [[Nizhyn]], and later attended the 2nd Kyiv [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], where he graduated in 1853. In 1860, he completed the [[Kyiv University]] course in the [[Bogomolets National Medical University|Faculty of Medicine]], earning his doctor's degree. Subsequently, he served as an assistant [[prosector]] in the [[anatomy]] department, and later worked as a dissector. From May 1861 to September 1862, he was sent abroad, where he studied and listened to lectures by professors [[Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke|Brücke]], [[Carl Ludwig|Ludwig]], [[Robert Bunsen|Bunsen]], [[Albert von Kölliker|Kölliker]], [[Gustav Kirchhoff|Kirchhoff]] and [[Hermann von Helmholtz|Helmholtz]]. Doctoral dissertation – "On blood circulation in the liver" (1863). From 1864 to 1867, he taught a course in human anatomy at the natural sciences and [[histology]] at the medical faculties, as well as special courses on the anatomy of the nervous system and analytical chemistry. In 1868 he was confirmed as an extraordinary professor, and in 1870 as an ordinary professor in the department of anatomy. For the preparation of preparations of the human brain, he was twice awarded medals (in 1870 at the All-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition and in 1873 at the World Exhibition in Vienna) and received a very flattering review of them from the famous anatomist Professor [[Josef Hyrtl|Hyrtl]].
Vladimir Betz was born in a small village of Tatarovschina. He began his studies in [[Nizhyn|Nezhin]], and later attended the 2nd Kiev [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], where he graduated in 1853. In 1860, he completed the [[Kiev University]] course in the [[Bogomolets National Medical University|Faculty of Medicine]], earning his doctor's degree. Subsequently, he served as an assistant [[prosector]] in the [[anatomy]] department, and later worked as a dissector. From May 1861 to September 1862, he was sent abroad, where he studied and listened to lectures by professors [[Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke|Brücke]], [[Carl Ludwig|Ludwig]], [[Robert Bunsen|Bunsen]], [[Albert von Kölliker|Kölliker]], [[Gustav Kirchhoff|Kirchhoff]] and [[Hermann von Helmholtz|Helmholtz]]. Doctoral dissertation – "On blood circulation in the liver" (1863). From 1864 to 1867, he taught a course in human anatomy at the natural sciences and [[histology]] at the medical faculties, as well as special courses on the anatomy of the nervous system and analytical chemistry. In 1868 he was confirmed as an extraordinary professor, and in 1870 as an ordinary professor in the department of anatomy. For the preparation of preparations of the human brain, he was twice awarded medals (in 1870 at the All-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition and in 1873 at the World Exhibition in Vienna) and received a very flattering review of them from the famous anatomist Professor [[Josef Hyrtl|Hyrtl]].


He took an active part in the public life of Kyiv. One of the founders of the Kyiv Natural Research Society. In 1890, Professor Betz left the post of head of the department of anatomy at the Saint Volodymyr University and resigned. Remaining a consultant on nervous diseases at the Kyiv Kirillov Hospital (Psychiatric Hospital named after Academician [[I. P. Pavlov]]), until the end of his days Betz worked as the chief physician of the South-Western Railway.
He took an active part in the public life of Kiev. One of the founders of the Kiev Natural Research Society. In 1890, Professor Betz left the post of head of the department of anatomy at the Saint Vladimir University and resigned. Remaining a consultant on nervous diseases at the Kiev Kirillov Hospital (Psychiatric Hospital named after Academician [[I. P. Pavlov]]), until the end of his days Betz worked as the chief physician of the South-Western Railway.


==Scientific activity==
==Scientific activity==
He was the author of about 50 scientific papers. His main direction of scientific research was anatomy and histology of the central nervous system. In 1874, Betz described giant [[pyramidal neurons]] of the [[primary motor cortex]] of the brain, which later received the name [[Betz cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sretsch |date=December 1916 |title=Die Bundesratsverordnung Über die Bucheckerngewinnung und Vollzugsbestimmungen |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01771810 |journal=Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt |volume=38 |issue=12 |pages=580–584 |doi=10.1007/bf01771810 |issn=0015-8003}}</ref> Volodymyr is the founder of the doctrine of [[cytoarchitectonics]] of the brain. He developed an original method for making anatomical preparations and collected over 8,000 preparations of human and animal brains. Discovered the chromaffin reaction of the adrenal medulla. Studied embryogenesis and growth of human bones.
He was the author of about 50 scientific papers. His main direction of scientific research was anatomy and histology of the central nervous system. In 1874, Betz described giant [[pyramidal neurons]] of the [[primary motor cortex]] of the brain, which later received the name [[Betz cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sretsch |date=December 1916 |title=Die Bundesratsverordnung Über die Bucheckerngewinnung und Vollzugsbestimmungen |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01771810 |journal=Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt |volume=38 |issue=12 |pages=580–584 |doi=10.1007/bf01771810 |issn=0015-8003}}</ref> Vladimir is the founder of the doctrine of [[cytoarchitectonics]] of the brain. He developed an original method for making anatomical preparations and collected over 8,000 preparations of human and animal brains. Discovered the chromaffin reaction of the adrenal medulla. Studied embryogenesis and growth of human bones.


Director of the Anatomical Theater in Kyiv. Full member of the Imperial Natural History Society, Imperial Nature Society, corresponding member of the Paris Anthropological Society, authorized member of the Leipzig Ethnographic Museum.
Director of the Anatomical Theater in Kiev. Full member of the Imperial Natural History Society, Imperial Nature Society, corresponding member of the Paris Anthropological Society, authorized member of the Leipzig Ethnographic Museum.


Volodymyr Betz was an unsurpassed master of making anatomical preparations. Under a microscope, he made the thinnest cuts into the cells. For a collection of brain preparations, which was exhibited in St. Petersburg in 1870, he was awarded a silver medal. The unique collection was valued at 7,000 Austrian guilders, but the owner categorically refused to sell it, and later donated it to Kyiv University.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Šarov |first=Ihor F. |title=Včeni Ukraïny: 100 vydatnych imen |date=2006 |publisher=Vydavnyctvo ArtEk |isbn=978-966-505-054-4 |location=Kyïv}}</ref>
Vladimir Betz was an unsurpassed master of making anatomical preparations. Under a microscope, he made the thinnest cuts into the cells. For a collection of brain preparations, which was exhibited in St. Petersburg in 1870, he was awarded a silver medal. The unique collection was valued at 7,000 Austrian guilders, but the owner categorically refused to sell it, and later donated it to Kiev University.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Šarov |first=Ihor F. |title=Včeni Ukraïny: 100 vydatnych imen |date=2006 |publisher=Vydavnyctvo ArtEk |isbn=978-966-505-054-4 |location=Kyïv}}</ref>


==Awards==
==Awards==
[[File:Betz monument.jpg|thumb|upright|Volodymyr Betz headstone at the [[Vydubychi Monastery]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraine. The inscription reads: "''To the initiator of studies of the [[Central Nervous System]], the professor of anatomy of the [[Kyiv University]], Volodymyr Alekseyevich Betz. 1834-1894. Grateful Ukrainian [[Morphology (biology)|morphologists]].''"]]
[[File:Betz monument.jpg|thumb|upright|Vladimir Betz headstone at the [[Vydubychi Monastery]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraine. The inscription reads: "''To the initiator of studies of the [[Central Nervous System]], the professor of anatomy of the [[Kyiv University]], Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz. 1834-1894. Grateful Ukrainian [[Morphology (biology)|morphologists]].''"]]
Brain tissue preparations made by Betz were awarded medals twice – at the [[All-Russia Exhibition|All-Russian manufacturing exhibition]] in 1870 and at [[1873 Vienna World's Fair|Vienna World Exposition of 1873]].<ref name="Betz_1874">Betz W. (1874) ''Anatomischer Nachweis zweier Gehirncentra.'' Centralblatt für die medizinischen Wissenschaften. 12:578-580, 595-599.</ref>
Brain tissue preparations made by Betz were awarded medals twice – at the [[All-Russia Exhibition|All-Russian manufacturing exhibition]] in 1870 and at [[1873 Vienna World's Fair|Vienna World Exposition of 1873]].<ref name="Betz_1874">Betz W. (1874) ''Anatomischer Nachweis zweier Gehirncentra.'' Centralblatt für die medizinischen Wissenschaften. 12:578-580, 595-599.</ref>


==Essays==
==Essays==
* "On blood circulation in the liver" (dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, Kyiv, 1863);
* "On blood circulation in the liver" (dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, Kiev, 1863);


* "A new method for studying the human central nervous system" ("Notes of the Kyiv Society of Naturalists", 1870 and "Archiv von Max Schultze", 1870);
* "A new method for studying the human central nervous system" ("Notes of the Kiev Society of Naturalists", 1870 and "Archiv von Max Schultze", 1870);


* "On the grouping of convolutions of the human brain" ("Notes of the Kyiv Society of Naturalists", 1871);
* "On the grouping of convolutions of the human brain" ("Notes of the Kiev Society of Naturalists", 1871);


* "Das Gesetz der Vertheilung der Gyri und Sulci der menschlichen Gehirnoberfläche" ("Sitzber. der Wiener Psychiatren");
* "Das Gesetz der Vertheilung der Gyri und Sulci der menschlichen Gehirnoberfläche" ("Sitzber. der Wiener Psychiatren");
Line 54: Line 54:
* "Anatomy of the surface of the human brain, with an atlas and 86 tables" ("University News", 1883);
* "Anatomy of the surface of the human brain, with an atlas and 86 tables" ("University News", 1883);


* "Historical figures of South-Western Russia" (Kyiv, 1883, together with Professor B. A. Antonovich).
* "Historical figures of South-Western Russia" (Kiev, 1883, together with Professor B. A. Antonovich).


== References ==
== References ==
Line 61: Line 61:
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Betz, Volodymyr Oleksiyovych}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Betz, Vladimir Alekseyevich}}
[[Category:1834 births]]
[[Category:1834 births]]
[[Category:1894 deaths]]
[[Category:1894 deaths]]

Revision as of 12:10, 24 November 2025

Vladimir Betz
Born26 April [O.S. 14 April] 1834
Tatarovschina, Ostyorsky Uyezd, Chernigov Governorate, Russian Empire
DiedOctober 12, 1894(1894-10-12) (aged 60)
Kiev, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire[1]
Alma materSaint Vladimir University of Kiev
Known fordiscovery of Betz cells
Awardsmedals for brain tissue samples at All-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition (1870), Vienna World Exposition (1873)
Scientific career
FieldsAnatomy

Vladimir Alexeyevich Betz or Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz (Russian: Владимир Алексеевич Бец; Ukrainian: Володи́мир Олексійович Бец; 26 April [O.S. 14 April] 1834 – 12 October [O.S. 30 September] 1894)[2] was a Russian anatomist and histologist of Ukrainian origin who served as a professor at Saint Vladimir University of Kiev.

Biography

Vladimir Betz was born in a small village of Tatarovschina. He began his studies in Nezhin, and later attended the 2nd Kiev Gymnasium, where he graduated in 1853. In 1860, he completed the Kiev University course in the Faculty of Medicine, earning his doctor's degree. Subsequently, he served as an assistant prosector in the anatomy department, and later worked as a dissector. From May 1861 to September 1862, he was sent abroad, where he studied and listened to lectures by professors Brücke, Ludwig, Bunsen, Kölliker, Kirchhoff and Helmholtz. Doctoral dissertation – "On blood circulation in the liver" (1863). From 1864 to 1867, he taught a course in human anatomy at the natural sciences and histology at the medical faculties, as well as special courses on the anatomy of the nervous system and analytical chemistry. In 1868 he was confirmed as an extraordinary professor, and in 1870 as an ordinary professor in the department of anatomy. For the preparation of preparations of the human brain, he was twice awarded medals (in 1870 at the All-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition and in 1873 at the World Exhibition in Vienna) and received a very flattering review of them from the famous anatomist Professor Hyrtl.

He took an active part in the public life of Kiev. One of the founders of the Kiev Natural Research Society. In 1890, Professor Betz left the post of head of the department of anatomy at the Saint Vladimir University and resigned. Remaining a consultant on nervous diseases at the Kiev Kirillov Hospital (Psychiatric Hospital named after Academician I. P. Pavlov), until the end of his days Betz worked as the chief physician of the South-Western Railway.

Scientific activity

He was the author of about 50 scientific papers. His main direction of scientific research was anatomy and histology of the central nervous system. In 1874, Betz described giant pyramidal neurons of the primary motor cortex of the brain, which later received the name Betz cells.[3] Vladimir is the founder of the doctrine of cytoarchitectonics of the brain. He developed an original method for making anatomical preparations and collected over 8,000 preparations of human and animal brains. Discovered the chromaffin reaction of the adrenal medulla. Studied embryogenesis and growth of human bones.

Director of the Anatomical Theater in Kiev. Full member of the Imperial Natural History Society, Imperial Nature Society, corresponding member of the Paris Anthropological Society, authorized member of the Leipzig Ethnographic Museum.

Vladimir Betz was an unsurpassed master of making anatomical preparations. Under a microscope, he made the thinnest cuts into the cells. For a collection of brain preparations, which was exhibited in St. Petersburg in 1870, he was awarded a silver medal. The unique collection was valued at 7,000 Austrian guilders, but the owner categorically refused to sell it, and later donated it to Kiev University.[4]

Awards

Vladimir Betz headstone at the Vydubychi Monastery, Kyiv, Ukraine. The inscription reads: "To the initiator of studies of the Central Nervous System, the professor of anatomy of the Kyiv University, Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz. 1834-1894. Grateful Ukrainian morphologists."

Brain tissue preparations made by Betz were awarded medals twice – at the All-Russian manufacturing exhibition in 1870 and at Vienna World Exposition of 1873.[5]

Essays

  • "On blood circulation in the liver" (dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, Kiev, 1863);
  • "A new method for studying the human central nervous system" ("Notes of the Kiev Society of Naturalists", 1870 and "Archiv von Max Schultze", 1870);
  • "On the grouping of convolutions of the human brain" ("Notes of the Kiev Society of Naturalists", 1871);
  • "Das Gesetz der Vertheilung der Gyri und Sulci der menschlichen Gehirnoberfläche" ("Sitzber. der Wiener Psychiatren");
  • "Two centers in the human cerebral cortex" ("Moscow Medical Bulletin", 1875);
  • "Anatomy of the surface of the human brain, with an atlas and 86 tables" ("University News", 1883);
  • "Historical figures of South-Western Russia" (Kiev, 1883, together with Professor B. A. Antonovich).

References

  1. ^ Jessie Dobson: Anatomical Eponyms. Being a Biographical Dictionary of those Anatomists whose Names have become Incorporated into Anatomical Nomenclature, with Definitions of the Structures to which their Names have been Attached and References to the Works in which they are Described. E. & S. Edinburgh/London: Livingstone, 1962, p. 24.
  2. ^ Kushchayev, Sergiy V.; Moskalenko, Vitaliy F.; Wiener, Philip C.; Tsymbaliuk, Vitaliy I.; Cherkasov, Viktor G.; Dzyavulska, Irina V.; Kovalchuk, Oleksander I.; Sonntag, Volker K. H.; Spetzler, Robert F.; Preul, Mark C. (January 2012). "The Discovery of the Pyramidal Neurons: Volodymyr Betz and a New Era of Neuroscience". Journal of Neurosurgery. 113 (2). American Association of Neurologic Surgeons. doi:10.1093/brain/awr276. PMID 22075067.
  3. ^ Sretsch (December 1916). "Die Bundesratsverordnung Über die Bucheckerngewinnung und Vollzugsbestimmungen". Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt. 38 (12): 580–584. doi:10.1007/bf01771810. ISSN 0015-8003.
  4. ^ Šarov, Ihor F. (2006). Včeni Ukraïny: 100 vydatnych imen. Kyïv: Vydavnyctvo ArtEk. ISBN 978-966-505-054-4.
  5. ^ Betz W. (1874) Anatomischer Nachweis zweier Gehirncentra. Centralblatt für die medizinischen Wissenschaften. 12:578-580, 595-599.
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