Talk:Omar Ali Saifuddien III/GA1: Difference between revisions

GA review

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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Nominator: Pangalau (talk · contribs) 00:11, 6 July 2025 (UTC)

Reviewer: Vigilantcosmicpenguin (talk · contribs) 03:46, 13 August 2025 (UTC)

• I'll take this one. — Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 03:46, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
  • It has been over a month since my last comment, and improvements to this article have not been made. Failing this nomination. — Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 21:34, 30 September 2025 (UTC)

Rate	Attribute	Review Comment
1. Well-written:
	1a. the prose is clear, concise, and understandable to an appropriately broad audience; spelling and grammar are correct.	Prose is acceptable.
	1b. it complies with the Manual of Style guidelines for lead sections, layout, words to watch, fiction, and list incorporation.	Lead section is very short. Some editorializing.
2. Verifiable with no original research, as shown by a source spot-check:
	2a. it contains a list of all references (sources of information), presented in accordance with the layout style guideline.	Sources are listed.
	2b. reliable sources are cited inline. All content that could reasonably be challenged, except for plot summaries and that which summarizes cited content elsewhere in the article, must be cited no later than the end of the paragraph (or line if the content is not in prose).	No indication of reliability for some of the sources. Government-affiliated sources are potentially overused.
	2c. it contains no original research.	Some statements do not reflect what sources say.
	2d. it contains no copyright violations or plagiarism.	Earwig flags a website that copied Wikipedia
3. Broad in its coverage:
	3a. it addresses the main aspects of the topic.	Most of the important points are included, but a few points of major official actions are excluded.
	3b. it stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail (see summary style).	Details are relevant to the subject.
	4. Neutral: it represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each.	Article is written with a pro-Omar Ali Saifuddien bias. Although many of the issues have been fixed, I think further work is needed to address editorializing and coverage to ensure neutrality.
	5. Stable: it does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute.	Article is stable.
6. Illustrated, if possible, by media such as images, video, or audio:
	6a. media are tagged with their copyright statuses, and valid non-free use rationales are provided for non-free content.	Most images are public domain in Brunei; the rest are freely licensed.
	6b. media are relevant to the topic, and have suitable captions.	Images depict the article's subject or are directly relevant.
	7. Overall assessment.	Not quite a GA yet. Especially since this is a controversial subject, further attention is needed to guarantee adherence with the rules.

Initial comments

• This article has some issues with WP:PUFFERY, using phrases like "notably"—I'll note some other examples as I read through each section. I'm concerned about phrases like The Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque stands as a permanent homage to his long legacy, and the people of Brunei continue to be moved by his magnanimous reign and visionary leadership., which violate NPOV.
  • Done.
• The last sentence of the "Admiration of Winston Churchill" section is unsourced.
  • Sourced.
• The "Notable visits during his reign" section doesn't seem to indicate what makes these events notable. I would say that visits from diplomats are routine, and none of these statements say anything specific about Omar Ali Saifuddien, so I don't see the reason to include this section.
  • Section removed.
• I think there are some issues with sourcing:
  • What makes bruneitourism reliable? At least one citation to this website appears to be a brochure for a tour, so it's not an acceptable source.
    • Removed.
  • The source titled Borneo History is literally just a copy of Wikipedia.
    • Removed.
  • The Scribd source looks user-generated.
    • Removed.
  • What makes Sultanate.com reliable?
    • Removed.
  • What makes Voice7 News reliable?
    • Removed.
  • A better source than Brunei: The Amazing Quiz Book is needed.
    • New source provided.
  • I think there are too many statements cited to primary sources. By my count, about one-quarter of the citations are to Bruneian government sources, which count as primary or biased sources. While it makes sense to cite government sources for some statements, this is a bit too much, especially as I have noted that some statements are biased.
• There are some issues with grammar and phrasing, so I will be doing some copyediting myself. A few sentences will need clarification, so I'll take note of these as I go through each section.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 04:46, 13 August 2025 (UTC)

Lead section

• Lead section is a bit short for how long the article is.
• The infobox uses a different name for his mother than the article body.
  • Fixed issue.
• The infobox states that he was Sunni, which is unsourced. (I understand that it's obvious that a Bruneian sultan would be Sunni, but on Wikipedia, it's still a statement that needs a source.)
  • Claim removed.
• Over the course of his 17-year reign, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III significantly altered Brunei. This sentence on its own is too vague to be useful. I would suggest rephrasing the paragraph to more clearly indicate what this means.
• The sentence about the restoration of Brunei's sovereignty is not clear enough for readers (like me) who are unfamiliar with this historical era. Furthermore, it kind of looks like WP:COATRACKING, as it is a statement about the background of this era rather than Omar Ali Saifudden himself, which is too much detail for the lead. I would suggest rephrasing it to something like Omar Ali Saifudden's reign included the creation of a constitution that outlined the sovereignty of the sultanate of Brunei.
• The lead cites the statement that Omar Ali Saifudden created the Melayu Islam Beraja philosophy. This statement should also be mentioned in the body, and I would guess it is important enough that some more detail could be provided.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 04:46, 13 August 2025 (UTC)

Early life and education

• The lead lists his full name as Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien. The first sentence of this section should verify this, with sourcing as necessary.
  • This information is provided in a note in the "Early life and education" section.
    • Ah, I see. In that case, I think thesent sentence should be phrased: Omar Ali Saifuddien was born as Pengiran Muda Tengah... — Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 06:55, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
• To clarify, "Istana Kota" refers to the palace of Istana Kota Manggalela, right? Should wikilink this, and also include the word "palace" for clarity.
  • "Istana Kota" refers to a different palace that no longer exists today.
• The footnote about his birthdate is confusingly phrased. If I'm understanding correctly, I would suggest changing His birth year was reduced by two years, with the correct day and month but an incorrect year on official records. While he was accepted into the Malayan college, discovery of this error could have led to expulsion. The British Resident later recorded his birthday as 23 September 1916, which became the basis for official celebrations. to The Malayan College listed his birth date as 23 September 1916, reducing his age by two years; discovery of this error could have led to expulsion. The British Resident later recorded this date, which became the basis for official celebrations. But if the phrase "official records" refers to something other than the British Resident, you should specify this.
  • Sentence rephrased.
• The sentence Unbeknownst to those seeking guidance, the household nannies subtly instilled the Bruneian spirit and courtly manners, carefully structured around Islamic principles. is unclear. I don't see how this information is different from the previous sentence, which also describes his education in Islam and manners.
  • The sentence From an early age, Omar Ali Saifuddien was entrusted with elders who imparted knowledge and skills necessary to finish his upbringing, specifically about Islamic rules and the traditions and rituals that the royal family had followed in the past. also seems to describe the same thing.
    • Sentence rephrased.
• Footnote [d] uses the phrase before he left Perak, but Perak is not mentioned until later, so it'd be better to rephrase it.
  • Mention of Perak has been removed.
• I don't understand why you sometimes italicize titles such as Pengiran, as in "Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahim bin Pengiran Maharaja Lela Pengiran Anak Abdul Kahar".
  • Social class titles (in this case, Cheteria) are italicised, while inherited names are not; to avoid confusion, they have been removed.
• The phrase "Dikir Brunei" should include a brief description, as most readers (including me) don't know what Dikir is or what makes someone an expert.
  • Context given.
• It is clear that his four years of formal education would not be considered sufficient to qualify him as a writer of distinction if one considers his education. I don't quite understand this sentence. I think it could be rephrased to something like He had only four years of formal education. but I think I'm missing the rest of the sentence.
  • Sentence rephrased.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 22:02, 15 August 2025 (UTC)

Early adulthood

• After just one week of arriving in Brunei Town Unclear.
  • Clarified.
• Do we not know Mr. Smith's full name?
  • His name is unknown, but as it seemed irrelevant, it has been omitted.
• What makes the sailing event relevant?
  • I judged this to be irrelevant and therefore removed it.
• The technique of implementing the law's provisions was also deeply entrenched in his mind. Unclear. Perhaps you mean something like Omar Ali Saifudden felt dedicated to implementing the law's provisions.
  • Changes made.
• Originally, his plan upon returning from Kuala Belait to Brunei Town was to relax, but this was modified to studying certain parts of Islam. → He returned to Brunei Town, originally planning to relax, but instead studying Islam.
  • Changes made.
• Should explain what Somobucho is.
  • Definition and context given.
• study, review, and analyse Redundant.
  • Changes made.
• as well as the tale of him and the District Officer Ibrahim bin Andor trying a case together Unclear.
  • I judged this to be irrelevant and therefore removed it.
• after the Second World War → after the end of the Japanese occupation
  • Changes made.
• Following his trip to the interior → Following each trip to the interior, since there were multiple, right?
  • Changes made.
• One early important contribution
  • Changes made.
• Why is the Omar Ali Saifudden Mosque mentioned here instead of in the legacy section?
  • Sentence moved.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 22:02, 15 August 2025 (UTC)

@Vigilantcosmicpenguin: I have made the suggested changes to the article. Pangalau (talk) 01:48, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Reign

• Later, it was revealed... is vague. Should specify who revealed it and when, especially since the sentence includes a quotation.
• What makes the Sheldon Park Hotel event relevant?
• I would suggest removing the mention of the Knight Commander title from this section, as the same information is in the awards section. (However, the previous mention of the Companion title is okay, because it's specifically relevant to his coronation.)
• The Bruneian government spent B$10.65 million in total on educational issues. What time does "in total" refer to?
  • Also, could we add a conversion to USD? It's okay if not, since conversion rates sometimes aren't available.
• You mention that the 1954 education policy provided for free meals to be served. The phrasing doesn't specify whether this occurred in reality.
• There's too much detail about Raja Isteri Girls' High School. The only relevant information is when it opened.
• In the "Early reign and educational reforms" section, you mention that a department was created to oversee the Islamic constitution. I think this statement should be moved to later, after the constitution is mentioned.
• I assume In 1963, one of the first Bruneian students to graduate from Al-Azhar University did so thanks to this scholarship was intended to be after the statement about scholarships.
• You mention "officers" founding the religious schools in 1956; this should specify what kind of officers they were.
• demonstrated his willingness to take into account the opinions of the people in spite of his absolute power feels like editorializing/biased.
• Omar Ali Saifuddien's firm resistance to British proposals From context, it's implied that the "proposals" were to make him a constitutional monarch, but I think the phrasing should be more specific about this.
• This perceived disregard for popular aspirations later contributed to tensions that culminated in the 1962 revolution. I think this sentence is not useful here as there is more about the 1962 revolution later.
• a special meeting chaired by his adviser the Sultan's adviser or Abell's?
• The Seria oil field produced 114,700 tons of oil per day a year later. I don't think this is relevant.
• The specific efforts of the National Development Plan should be removed. This information is tangential to Omar Ali Saifuddien and should instead be mentioned in the article about the National Development Plan. (This includes most of the "Economic growth and infrastructure" section, excluding the first paragraph and the part about the 1962 election. I would suggest reorganizing the latter into the next section.)
• Should specify when Tunku Abdul Rahman's proposal occurred.
• The Sultan considered the Federation of Malaya's proposals before making the decision because it may have an impact on Brunei's nationality, the country, and the future of religion. Isn't clear about what his decision was.
• The MSCC had its second debate in Kuching in December 1961, followed by the third debate in Kuala Lumpur, in January 1962. Not relevant unless the Sultan himself did something at these meetings.
• earning the Sultan's unwavering gratitude can be removed. This adds little meaningful information.
• It aims to provide a better understanding for the people about the importance of obeying Allah, the Prophet and the Ruler. can be removed. The phrase "religious classes" is already clear.
• Even the initial date for the federation (which was 31 August 1963) was postponed to 16 September, no agreement was reached between the two sides. This is not relevant since Brunei wasn't even part of the federation.
• Some reorganization is needed as the section titled "Establishment of Islamic education" includes some information unrelated to Islamic education, while there is some information about Islamic education in the previous section.
• The statement about the South West Ampa gas field doesn't seem relevant.
• The creation of local religious instructors from pupils who finished seven grades Unclear what this means.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 06:55, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Changes made to this section. Pangalau (talk) 04:58, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Abdication

• Just to be clear, sources don't specify what the "protracted illness" was?
• I don't understand the phrase when his son reached teenage years since the same sentence mentions that his son was 21 (not a teenager).
• What does "Balai Pemanjangan Indera Kenchana" refer to? Is this a specific room of a palace?
• You mention Radio Brunei breaking the news about the abdication at night. This should say on the same night or something to clarify when it happened.
• This section includes some italicized social class titles. You mentioned above that you will remove these titles, so this should be consistent through the article (and they should be removed per MOS:PREFIX).
• in his capacity as head of Brunei's administration I don't think this phrase is necessary as the sentence already mentions that he's the Menteri Besar.
• The Peristewa 4hb. Oktober (4th October Event) is the name given to the historic night that shocked the entire nation. The phrase "shocked the entire nation" is poor phrasing, as is "historic night" because of course it's historic. Also, this sentence is in a paragraph about the coronation on 5 October, when it apparently refers to the news announcement on 4 October. So it should be moved to the previous paragraph, after the mention of the news breaking, and it should be rephrased to something like This announcement came as a surprise to many in the country and became known as the Peristewa 4hb. Oktober (4th October Event).
• During the event, state dignitaries like the Wazir, Cheteria, Acting Menteri Besar, and members of the Legislative Council (LegCo) were present. I think this statement could maybe be removed. It's quite expected that state dignitaries would be present at a coronation, and also, this event is more relevant to Hassanal Bolkiah than it is to Omar Ali Saifuddien.
• He held this title until his death in 1986. I personally think this sentence can be removed, as one would expect this to be title that lasts for life. It's fine either way, though.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 19:17, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Changes made to this section. Pangalau (talk) 05:07, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Later life

• matters pertaining to the lives of the people Vague
• There is too much detail about the event on 31 December 1983. I think the entire paragraph could be removed, as the only statement about Omar Ali Saifuddien is that he chanted the Takbir, which is not relevant biographical information.
• Although he had abdicated for years and Brunei had achieved its independence, he continued to play an important role after his appointed by Hassanal Bolkiah as Minister of Defence → He was appointed by Hassanal Bolkiah as Minister of Defence

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 19:17, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Changes made to this section. Pangalau (talk) 05:26, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Death and funeral

• I would suggest making this a subsection of the "Later life" section, since that section is kind of short. It's fine either way, though.
• was further clarify I assume this is autocorrect or something.
• the Sultan led the sprinkling of holy water Is this referring to Hassanal Bolkiah or the Sultan of Pahang?
• to pay their tributes, prayers, and final respects to the late Omar Ali Saifuddien → to attend the funeral
• In addition to messages of condolences, several heads of state and governments have given their quotes. How is a message of condolence different from a quote? This sentence can be removed, anyway; the paragraph is understandable without it.
• expressed shock at his passing, describing it as → described it as for conciseness
• In addition to his exceptional contributions to his people This phrase can be removed. The phrasing makes it read quite awkwardly, and the rest of the sentence is enough to summarize what Hussain Muhammad Ershad said.
• A number of foreign heads of state have also contributed quotes, the most notable of them being: This is clear WP:PUFFERY unless these are actually verifiably the two most notable quotes.
• saying he could never be replaced This phrase is redundant as the entire quote is already included.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 19:17, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Changes made to this section. Pangalau (talk) 05:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Foreign policy

• There's no need for a section with only one subsection. This information should be moved to the "Reign" section.
• Some of this information seems only tangentially related to Omar Ali Saifuddien. Specifically, the statement about Zaini Ahmad does not mention the Sultan. The statement about the recall of students at Malaysian universities also does not clarify why it's relevant—if the Sultan himself made this declaration, then that should be specified.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 19:17, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

I have removed the section entirely, as it did not fit well within the "Reign" section. Pangalau (talk) 05:41, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Personal life

• This section also has the issue about social class titles. For example, it makes sense to include the full title of Paduka Suri Seri Begawan Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Damit multiple times, but it should only be mentioned once; the second mention of her should use a shorter name for conciseness.
• It's not clear why you mention Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin. Perhaps you could rephrase it as She was his cousin through being the great-grandaughter of Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin.
• Omar Ali Saifuddien had the chance to get a variety of viewpoints from the elders who were knowledgeable about the royal family's still-practiced customs and ceremonies during the royal wedding I think this phrase can be removed as the elders themselves are not important and the customs are described clearly enough.
• the customary Istadat Berjaga-jaga held every night Wait, "held every night"? If the wedding lasted multiple days, it should specify every night of the wedding.
• The infobox mentions that he married his third wife in 1980, but this date is not mentioned.
• The phrase "sister-in-law" can mean multiple things (brother's wife or wife's sister) so this should be rephrased.
• These were just simply pastimes; he described things that happened when he was playing with his friends. I don't see why this sentence is relevant.
• collecting items that that spark his curiosity This goes without saying, of course that's why someone would collect things.
• He never explained the reasons for these abrupt visits, thus it was hard for those there to grasp them.
• He occasionally used to till the lawn and excavate the area in order to do some gardening. Typically, Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahim, Pengiran Haji Abdul Kadir, and Pengiran Haji Sulaiman were there on his trips to Muara to go net fishing. → He also gardened, and he went on net fishing trips to Muara, typically accompanied by Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahim, Pengiran Haji Abdul Kadir, and Pengiran Haji Sulaiman.
• his most well-known works seems like WP:PUFFERY
• Why is Template:Cite book used for the list of his works? I don't think that's a proper use of the template.
• "Admiration of Winston Churchill" does not need its own heading per WP:OVERSECTION.
• I would suggest moving the sentence about being an Anglophile to the paragraph about Churchill.
• gained recognition across Southeast Asia Vague
• I think most of the details about the Churchill Memorial are not relevant to Omar Ali Saifuddien, particularly the ones that happened after his death. The only thing that's relevant is the museum's opening.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 19:17, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Changes made to this section. Pangalau (talk) 06:04, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Legacy

• He gave the government orders to revitalise the people's livelihood through national progress and development programs, which were effectively carried out and improved the welfare of the populace as well as their quality of life. Could be rephrased, as the orders are better described in the "Reign" section. Furthermore, the description of the improvements is either vague or subjective, so it should either qualify how things improved or say whose opinion it is.
• Mosques, suraus (prayer halls), religious halls, government office buildings, and schools were built all across the country to further the spread of the Islamic faith. I think this sentence is probably relevant, but the phrasing doesn't make this clear—I think it should add the phrase As a result of his policies.
• Several important landmarks
• The Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque is mentioned twice, which is redundant.
• His legacy is further marked by major infrastructure and public spaces feels like editorializing.
  • Also, I think the infrastructure named after him should be in the same paragraph as the roads named after him.
• Not sure if "Appearance in currency" needs to be a separate heading, as it's only one paragraph. It's fine either way though.

— Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 19:17, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Changes made to this section. Pangalau (talk) 06:14, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Source spotcheck will follow. The article looks like it's probably broad enough, but I will do a further check for broadness and report if I see any issues. Also, I will note that the length of the lead is still an issue. — Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 19:17, 18 August 2025 (UTC)

Source spotcheck

• Before I start the source review, I have noticed a few more concerns about sources:
  • What makes The Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah Journal reliable? I don't see it indexed in anything like Scimago.
  • The Nazirul Mubin Ahad 2015 source does not indicate that it is from a peer-reviewed journal. What makes this reliable?
  • What makes the Borneo Research Bulletin reliable?
  • The Muhammad 1997 source doesn't indicate where it was published. Is this a reliable source?
• I'll be reviewing three commonly cited sources:

Hussainmiya 2019 (Side note, the citation erroneously lists this book as being from Oxford University Press rather than Bloomsbury Publishing):

27. Y Except it doesn't verify that it was "the first step".
30. Y
32. Y Although I would say your phrasing is a bit off from what the source says, as the source implies that the Sultan was mad at Abell rather than being insistent about a specific policy.
33. N I don't see where this source verifies that Colonial authorities endorsed the PRB. And you say that the PRB was popular for supporting a constitutional monarchy, while the source does not say this was the reason for their support.
34. Y Also, I think you should specify what the Sultan's proposals were, as the source goes into some detail.
36. N Does not mention Azahari's meetings with the British or the 1962 revolution. N Does not mention these meetings.
38. Y

Sidhu 2009:

5. Y N Does not verify his work for Roland Evelyn Turnbull Y N Does not mention Hughes Hallett Y N Does not mention the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George N N Does not verify the full title (only verifies the shorter "Seri Begawan Sultan") N N I don't see where this source mentions his role in the Limbang dispute
65. N Per above, does not verify the full title
91. Y
93. N This source gives a different year for Sufri Bolkiah's birth

Hussainmiya 1995:

1. Y I note that your phrasing is very similar to the source, so you must rephrase it.
15. N I don't see where this source verifies that he was the first sultan to go to a foreign college. N Does not verify the 16 September date Y N Does not verify "Father of Independence"
87. N Mentions that the first marriage was childless, but does not specify that this was the reason for remarrying

• @Pangalau: Okay, I'm seeing a some issues with verification and text-source integrity. Along with the other issues I have noted above, I think this may be a bit far from the GA criteria, so I am leaning toward failing this. I will give you some time to respond and address these issues to see if we get closer to this being a GA, although I think it's unlikely. — Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 05:04, 21 August 2025 (UTC)

  @Vigilantcosmicpenguin: I have made changes to the article based on your recommendations. I have not yet addressed the issues with the sources, but I wanted to give you this update. Pangalau (talk) 06:16, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

Some notes regarding breadth

• I think this article is kind of close to meeting the GA comprehensive requirement. After reading sources such as "Refashioning the monarchy in Brunei: Sultan Omar Ali and the quest for royal absolutism" by Naimah S. Talib (2020), I will note a few statements that seem significant enough that they should be included, as they pertain to his actions and influence as Sultan. I think you should easily be able to add these statements to the article. These include:

  The death of his uncle (as, according to Talib 2020, this was the direct reason for him becoming Pengiran Bendahara and a member of the State Council)

  His use of the State Council to limit British power at the start of his reign

  His disagreement with Malcolm MacDonald over the prospect of being united with Sarawak, and the reasons for his opposition to it

  His suggestions for the constitution, specifically the part about citizenship for immigrants

  His declaration of a state of emergency during the 1962 revolt (as I think this establishes how he himself responded to the revolt)

  The 1965 election

  His creation of the Adat Istiadat to revitalize cultural traditions

  According to Talib 2020, one of the main reasons for his abdication was to avoid British pressure on him as Sultan. I don't know how much historians agree with this, but if there are other sources verifying it, it should be included.

  In addition to these, there is some background information that I think should be included to be more clear to people unfamiliar with Brunei—namely, the British ruling institution and the oil boom that resulted in economic growth.

• You're doing some solid work improving this article toward the GA standard. After you are done addressing the issues, I will probably request a second opinion. My changes and suggestions for this article have been substantial enough that I think it will be best to get a second review, especially since it's a potentially controversial subject. — Vigilant Cosmic Penguin 🐧 (talk | contribs) 21:29, 23 August 2025 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.