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The [[Vatican Gendarmerie]] faces manifold [[counter-espionage]] challenges in protecting conclave integrity. Possible threats include [[artificial intelligence]] systems, [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]], microscopic [[microphone]]s, [[misinformation]] campaigns, the ubiquity of [[social media]], and even [[satellite]]s. Concerns have also been raised by commentators about the possibility that [[disinformation]] campaigns and [[fake news]] might have an effect on the conclave, with social media hoaxes attempting to discredit certain papal candidates.<ref name="Domínguez-2025">{{Cite web |last=Domínguez |first=Íñigo |date=22 April 2025 |title=The Vatican heads toward a conclave with 15 papal candidates already emerging |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-04-22/the-vatican-heads-toward-a-conclave-with-15-papal-candidates-already-emerging.html |access-date=24 April 2025 |website=El País English |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Garay" />
The [[Vatican Gendarmerie]] faces manifold [[counter-espionage]] challenges in protecting conclave integrity. Possible threats include [[artificial intelligence]] systems, [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]], microscopic [[microphone]]s, [[misinformation]] campaigns, the ubiquity of [[social media]], and even [[satellite]]s. Concerns have also been raised by commentators about the possibility that [[disinformation]] campaigns and [[fake news]] might have an effect on the conclave, with social media hoaxes attempting to discredit certain papal candidates.<ref name="Domínguez-2025">{{Cite web |last=Domínguez |first=Íñigo |date=22 April 2025 |title=The Vatican heads toward a conclave with 15 papal candidates already emerging |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-04-22/the-vatican-heads-toward-a-conclave-with-15-papal-candidates-already-emerging.html |access-date=24 April 2025 |website=El País English |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Garay" />
[[File:A Swiss Guard Unlocks the Door Outside of the Sistine Chapel for Secretary Kerry (11948661293).jpg|thumb|The doors of the Sistine Chapel are closed at the beginning of the conclave.]]


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=== First day - 7 May ===
=== First day - 7 May ===
[[File:A Swiss Guard Unlocks the Door Outside of the Sistine Chapel for Secretary Kerry (11948661293).jpg|thumb|The doors of the Sistine Chapel are closed at the beginning of the conclave.]]
On 7 May, the conclave to appoint Francis' successor began. The official start was preceded by Cardinal Re saying the proper Mass "For the Election of the Pope" in St. Peter's Basilica. At 4:30&nbsp;pm, the conclave will officially begin with a prayer service in the Sistine Chapel, at the end of which the Cardinals will sing the [[Veni Creator Spiritus]] and swear themselves to secrecy before entering into the conclave.<ref name="VN-29-Apr" Cardinal Cantalamessa will offer a reflection to the cardinals following their procession into the conclave. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-28 |title=How the College of Cardinals chose the date for the next conclave |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/04/28/conclave-date-college-cardinals-250507 |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=America Magazine |language=en}}</ref>
On 7 May, the conclave to appoint Francis' successor began. The official start was preceded by Cardinal Re saying the proper Mass "For the Election of the Pope" in St. Peter's Basilica. At 4:30&nbsp;pm, the conclave will officially begin with a prayer service in the Sistine Chapel, at the end of which the Cardinals will sing the [[Veni Creator Spiritus]] and swear themselves to secrecy before entering into the conclave.<ref name="VN-29-Apr" Cardinal Cantalamessa will offer a reflection to the cardinals following their procession into the conclave. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-28 |title=How the College of Cardinals chose the date for the next conclave |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/04/28/conclave-date-college-cardinals-250507 |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=America Magazine |language=en}}</ref>
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Revision as of 20:26, 29 April 2025

Papal conclave
May 2025
Dates and location
7 May 2025
Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace,
Vatican City
Key officials
DeanGiovanni Battista Re
Sub-deanLeonardo Sandri
CamerlengoKevin Farrell
ProtopriestMichael Michai Kitbunchu
ProtodeaconDominique Mamberti
SecretaryIlson de Jesus Montanari
Election
CandidatesSee Papabili
← 2013

A papal conclave is scheduled to be held starting 7 May 2025 in the Sistine Chapel of Vatican City to elect a new pope to succeed Francis, who died aged 88 on 21 April 2025.[1][2]

Speculation

There was early speculation in February and March 2025 about an impending conclave after Francis developed double pneumonia and was in intensive care at Gemelli Hospital.[3]

Due to the major international expansion of the membership of the College of Cardinals under Pope Francis to 252, with over 140 non-European cardinals being appointed during his pontificate, both the BBC and Time had suggested a non-European pope to be likely.[4][5] The 2025 conclave will have 135 electors from 71 countries; the 2013 conclave had 115 electors from 48 countries, and the 2005 conclave had 115 electors from 52 countries. Some of the cardinals do not speak Italian, the working language of the Roman Curia.[6]

Following the principle of "fat pope, thin pope", some commentators predict that Francis's successor will be more conservative.[5][7][8] According to The Pillar, as of the third and fourth general congregations there is a substantive desire among the cardinals for a "ten-year-pope" who is in his late seventies, will give the Church time to digest Francis's papacy, has experience in the Roman Curia, and will have a more internal, rather than external, focus.[9] The Wall Street Journal posits a younger pope as more likely.[10]

Papabili

Main article: Papabile

Observers of papal elections consider, by a variety of criteria, some cardinals to be more likely to become pope than others – these are the papabili, the plural for papabile, an Italian word loosely translated as "pope-able". Since the set of papabili is a matter of speculation by the media, the election of a non-papabile is not uncommon; recent cases are John XXIII in 1958, and both John Paul I and John Paul II in 1978.[11] This is in line with a popular saying: "He who enters the conclave as pope, leaves it as a cardinal",[12] although that saying is refuted by the conclaves of 1939, 1963 and 2005, when the frontrunning candidate was elected.[13] Vatican expert Professor Anna Rowlands avers that any predictions are currently based on "pure speculation".[14]

Media worldwide released papabili analyses on the day of Pope Francis's death,[a] and betting promptly began – betting on papal elections has a long history. Even before the announcement of the conclave itself prediction markets were using market mechanisms to calculate both who may be in the running and their putative ranking.[10] Cardinal Pietro Parolin was leading on most markets, followed by Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle and Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa.[20] The betting market is indicative of a wide-spread cultural fascination, not only with the papal conclave process as such, but with its results.[21] Among other papabili facing greater scrutiny than their peers are Péter Erdő, Peter Turkson, and Matteo Zuppi.[22]

Papal election process

Main article: Papal conclave

As in the 2013 papal conclave, both the dean and vice-dean of the College of Cardinals (Giovanni Battista Re, aged 91, and Leonardo Sandri, aged 81, respectively) are over the age of 80 and not eligible to participate. Therefore, the most senior cardinal bishop under the age of 80, Pietro Parolin, will preside over the conclave.[23]

Timing and procedures

According to John Paul II's 1996 apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, as modified by Benedict XVI's motu proprio, Normas nonnullas, electors generally have at least 15 days after the see becomes vacant to convene. The cardinals have the discretion to start the conclave earlier if all of those eligible to participate have arrived, or later if there are serious reasons for a deferral, but no later than 20 days after the seat becomes vacant.[24] On 28 April, the fifth general congregation of the cardinals set the conclave to begin on 7 May.[25][26]

Cardinal electors

Main article: Cardinal electors in the 2025 papal conclave
2025 papal conclave
Eligible electors by region as of 21 April 2025
  Italy
17 / 135 (13%)
  Rest of Europe
36 / 135 (27%)
  North America
20 / 135 (15%)
  South America
17 / 135 (13%)
  Africa
18 / 135 (13%)
  Asia
23 / 135 (17%)
  Oceania
4 / 135 (3%)
Total electors 135
Deceased pope Francis
(2013–2025)
New pope TBD

Cardinals aged 80 years or older before the day the papacy fell vacant are ineligible to participate. As of 21 April 2025, there are 252 cardinals, of whom 136 are under 80; 108 (80%) of the potential electors were appointed as cardinals by Francis.[27][28]

Since the 1975 promulgation of Romano Pontifici eligendo and Universi Dominici gregis, the nominal maximum number of cardinal electors has been 120. The 2025 conclave will be the first conclave where there are more than 120 eligible cardinals as of the day the papacy became vacant since the introduction of the 120-limit in 1975.[29][b] However, any cardinal under the age of 80 who has not renounced his voting rights (or had them removed) has the right under canon law to vote in a conclave. Many canon lawyers think that the pope makes an exception to his own rules when he appoints more than 120 electors and that all current cardinals under 80 are eligible to enter the conclave.[30][29]

Although the conclave cardinals may elect any Catholic male who has been baptized, they have elected only a fellow elector cardinal since the 1389 papal conclave.[31]

Non-participating

While having prior indicated he would try to participate in the Conclave, Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu, having renounced his rights as a cardinal due to financial scandal,[32] stated on 29 April he indicated he would abide by Pope Francis's wish that he not participate.[33] Without Becciu, the total number of eligible electors will be 135.[34]

It was reported that cardinals Antonio Cañizares Llovera and John Njue would not be attending the conclave due to health reasons.[35][36]

Pre-conclave events

General congregations

Map showing the location of the Sistine Chapel and the Domus Sanctae Marthae relative to St. Peter's Basilica

Canon law anticipates that general congregations, which are daily meetings of all cardinals regardless of elector status, will begin before all of the cardinals arrive in Rome. The initial meetings are focused on the logistics of the papal funeral and the conclave, including physical preparations at the Domus Sanctae Marthae and the Sistine Chapel, the venues at which the voting cardinals live and vote, respectively.[37] The later ones, usually the eighth and following, shift to discussions about the needs of the Church and the world, and the issues facing the Roman Curia.[38][39][40] These later general congregations are guided by the reflections given by two "distinguished and morally authoritative" clerics who are selected by the cardinals.[37] The cardinals are also given the opportunity to make formal remarks regarding the issues facing the Church.[41] All of these speeches and discussions are termed interventi – 'interventions' in Italian.[42]

More broadly, these general congregations allow the cardinals to meet on their own initiative, thereby getting to know each other and exercise their spiritual discernment – many have never met due to Francis not holding meetings of cardinals before his papal consistories.[43][44][45] Prior to leaving for Rome on 24 April, Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David stressed that a conclave is not a political campaign, but a religious retreat. He also emphasized that it is a duty of the College of Cardinals to discern each other via prayer, personal letters, and even research on a website with biographical and other information set up for that purpose;[46] it is not a matter of candidates.[47] Both the formal and informal discussions[48] are expected to be very substantive in preparation for, and in the hope for, a speedy conclave.[49] The discussions held at cardinals' own initiative—pratiche, or 'exercises'—are perforce the most frank and candid.[50]

Daily summary

Cardinals and bishops in the New Synod Hall in the Palace of the Holy Office, which is one venue for general congregations before the conclave.

At the first general congregation, held on 22 April, the approximately sixty cardinals present listened to the will and testament of Pope Francis be read by Cardinal Kevin Farrell. The canonization of Carlo Acutis, originally scheduled to take place in Rome on 27 April, was suspended, and the cardinals confirmed the date for the papal funeral. This meeting also dealt with the logistics of the funeral.[51][52] Despite the fact that general congregations are closed to non-cardinals, Sister Simona Brambilla, a religious sister who is the first woman to head a Vatican department, was accidentally sent a standard email inviting her to participate.[53]

The second general congregation met on 23 April, with 103 cardinals present. The program for the novendiales, or nine-day period of mourning for the deceased pope, was approved.[54] Norberto Rivera Carrera stated that the discussions were mostly procedural in nature, as many cardinals from around the world were still traveling.[55]

On 24 April, the third general congregation met, consisting of 113 cardinals. The two conclave preachers, Donato Ogliari and Cardinal Raniero Cantalamessa were appointed. Those cardinals present began a conversation about the church and the world, with 34 of them speaking.[56][57]

149 cardinals were present for the fourth general congregation, which met on 25 April. The cardinals listened to a presentation on the funeral rite for Pope Francis.[58] By this time nearly 70 formal speeches, or "interventions", had been given.[59] There was also discussion concerning the status of Angelo Becciu as a cardinal-elector among the participants, which continued in the following congregations until his 29 April acceptance of his non-elector status.[45]

The cardinals assembled at the fifth general congregation, held on 28 April, decided that the conclave would begin on 7 May, 16 days after Pope Francis's death.[60][61] This meeting also discussed the clerical sexual abuse crisis, challenges in evangelization, and interfaith relationships. Twenty cardinals delivered interventions on themes relevant to the Church's future. It was decided that general congregations would continue to be held each morning at 9 am except for 1 and 4 May.[62]

The sixth general congregation was held on 29 April, with 183 cardinals present (124 of them being electors).[63] The start time for the conclave was set at 4:30 pm, and Cardinal Re was decided as the celebrant for the opening Mass for the conclave, which will be celebrated in St. Peter's Basilica at 10 am on 7 May.[63] Donato Ogliari gave his scheduled reflection, emphasizing the theme of synodality from the Francis papacy, as well as the importance of dialogue.[64]

Logistical preparations

The Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City are the primary security force of the Vatican

On 22 April, members of the papal staff and household were asked to vacate their rooms at the Domus Sanctae Marthae following the death of Pope Francis in his suite on the second floor. This was to allow for conclave preparations in that building to begin. These include setting up barriers or opaque film at the windows to prevent outside contact, as well as the construction of spaces for the celebration of the Sacrament of Penance, private prayer, and meals.[65][66][67] However, as the building only has 129 total bedrooms, housing the record-high 135 cardinal-electors may require using other Vatican facilities.[68][69] This also does not include the other support personnel who are allowed to live in the Domus during a conclave, according to Universi Dominici gregis.[66]

On 23 April, the Vatican Museums announced the closure of the Sistine Chapel beginning on 28 April, due to the needs of the conclave.[70][71] In both the Domus Sanctae Marthae and the Sistine Chapel, signal jammers will be installed to neutralize any electronics brought into the conclave, as television, radio, and cell phones are prohibited.[72] Both buildings are thoroughly inspected in advance of the conclave for any unauthorized devices.[67]

Following its closure on 28 April, preparations in the Sistine Chapel for the conclave began on the following day, including the installation of a stove and chimney for the burning of completed ballots.[62][73]

The Vatican Gendarmerie faces manifold counter-espionage challenges in protecting conclave integrity. Possible threats include artificial intelligence systems, drones, microscopic microphones, misinformation campaigns, the ubiquity of social media, and even satellites. Concerns have also been raised by commentators about the possibility that disinformation campaigns and fake news might have an effect on the conclave, with social media hoaxes attempting to discredit certain papal candidates.[6][67]

The doors of the Sistine Chapel are closed at the beginning of the conclave.


Notes

  1. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[11][15][16][17][18][19]
  2. ^ There have been more than 120 cardinal electors at several other points since 1975, but not at the time of a conclave.

References

  1. ^ Watkins, Devin (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis has died on Easter Monday at age of 88". Vatican News. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  2. ^ Asaf, Seher; Davies, Maia (21 April 2025). "Vatican announces death of Pope Francis aged 88". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  3. ^ Toth, Albert (3 March 2025). "What is a conclave? Process to select a Pope explained as Francis undergoes hospital treatment". The Independent. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  4. ^ "What happens after the death of Pope Francis and when is the funeral?". BBC. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  5. ^ a b Jeyaretnam, Miranda (23 April 2025). "Did Pope Francis 'Pack' the Conclave?". TIME. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  6. ^ a b Domínguez, Íñigo (22 April 2025). "The Vatican heads toward a conclave with 15 papal candidates already emerging". El País English. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  7. ^ "Who Will the Next Pope Be?". Inside The Vatican. 1 November 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  8. ^ McDonagh, Melanie (22 April 2025). "Who could be the next Pope? All the cardinals in the running for the Papacy". The Standard. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  9. ^ Flynn, J. D. (22 April 2025). "Ep. 209: What Cardinals Want". The Pillar. Retrieved 26 April 2025. Approx. 15:00-20:00.
  10. ^ a b Walker, Marcus (21 April 2025). "Who Might Succeed Pope Francis?". Wall Street Journal.
  11. ^ a b "Which cardinals are seen as contenders to be the next pope?". Associated Press News. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  12. ^ Allen Jr., John L. (13 March 2013). "Papabile of the Day: The Men Who Could Be Pope". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  13. ^ Winters, Michael Sean (29 April 2025). "The conclave cliché that is wrong. What history tells us about conclaves". Nation Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  14. ^ Fox, Aine (25 April 2025). "Conclave choice for the next pope 'totally unpredictable', says Vatican expert". The Independent. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  15. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (21 April 2025). "Who will be the next pope? Some potential candidates to succeed Francis". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  16. ^ "15 potential successors to Pope Francis". RFI. Agence France-Presse. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  17. ^ McGarry, Patsy. "Who will be the next pope after Francis and how does the process work?". The Irish Times. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  18. ^ Clemmer, Don (11 March 2025). "The 12 cardinals who might succeed Pope Francis". Claretians. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  19. ^ Cicchetti, Enrico (21 April 2025). "Chi sarà il prossimo Papa? I nomi papabili per il dopo Francesco". Il Foglio. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  20. ^ Salmon, Felix (22 April 2025). "Papal betting markets put their money on the next Pope". Axios. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  21. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (27 April 2025). "Lobbying for next pope heats up, with outcome less predictable than ever". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  22. ^ Condon, Ed (18 May 2023). "Right, left, and center, why is no cardinal good enough to be papabile anymore?". The Pillar.
  23. ^ "Electing a New Pope and Remembering Francis". Gonzaga University. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  24. ^ "Universi Dominici Gregis". Vatican.va. Holy See. 22 February 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  25. ^ Zengarini, Lisa. "Conclave to elect new Pope to begin on May 7th". Vatican News. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  26. ^ Bacon, John (28 April 2025). "Conclave to elect new pope begins May 7: When will we see white smoke? Live updates". USA Today. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  27. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (21 April 2025). "Conclave: the Vatican's secret process for choosing a new pope". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  28. ^ White, Christopher (22 April 2025). "Who will be the next pope? Inside the race to succeed Francis". National Catholic Reporter.
  29. ^ a b Condon, Ed (10 March 2025). "Is there really a limit on the number of cardinals in a conclave?". The Pillar. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  30. ^ Allen, John L. (July 2004). Conclave: The Politics, Personalities, and Process of the Next Papal Election. New York City: Doubleday. p. 110. ISBN 0-385-50453-5. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  31. ^ Almond, Kyle; O'Key, Sean (7 March 2013). "The Papal Conclave". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  32. ^ "Vatican Cardinal Angelo Becciu resigns from office and 'rights' of cardinals". Catholic News Agency. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  33. ^ "Cardinal Becciu renounces participation in upcoming conclave". Vatican News. 29 April 2025. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  34. ^ Said-Moorhouse, Lauren; Lamb, Christopher (23 April 2025). "Convicted cardinal demands to be part of conclave to choose new pope, setting up Vatican standoff". CNN. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  35. ^ "Los cardenales Cañizares y Puljiç no participarán en el cónclave por motivos de salud". InfoCatólica (in Spanish). 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  36. ^ "Vatican confirms conclave to begin on 7 May". The Tablet. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  37. ^ a b Zengarini, Lisa (22 April 2025). "What happens after the Pope dies?". Vatican News. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  38. ^ "Cardinals hold first meeting after pope's death". Florida Catholic Media. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  39. ^ Burga, Solcyré; de Guzman, Chad; Jeyaretnam, Miranda; Shah, Simmone (21 April 2025). "How a New Pope Is Chosen—and Who It Could Be". TIME. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  40. ^ Mares, Courtney (23 April 2025). "Explainer: What happens during the Vatican's 9 days of mourning for the pope?". EWTN Vatican. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
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  42. ^ https://x.com/VaticanNews/status/1915747609282494642
  43. ^ "Introduction". The College of Cardinals Report. 28 June 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  44. ^ Barbuti, Angela (26 April 2025). "The 'unofficial' conclave has started, with cardinals privately chatting about Pope Francis' successor". New York Post.
  45. ^ a b Pinto, Susanna. "Cardinal Napier: 'We need someone to build on the Francis foundation'". The Pillar. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  46. ^ San Mateo, Joseph (24 April 2025). "'There are no candidates in a conclave,' says Filipino Cardinal David". Crux. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  47. ^ San Mateo, Joseph (24 April 2025). "A conclave doesn't deal in 'candidates', cardinal explains". Catholic Herald.
  48. ^ "People pay respects as 'popemobile' carries Francis' coffin into Rome". BBC. 26 April 2025.
  49. ^ "What goes on inside the conclave to elect the next pope?". ABC Australia. 21 April 2025.
  50. ^ Weigel, George (23 April 2025). "The High Stakes in Choosing the Next Pope". WSJ. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
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  52. ^ "Holy See: Canonization of Carlo Acutis Postponed". Exaudi. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
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  54. ^ "Second General Congregation of Cardinals held in the Vatican". Vatican News. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
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  57. ^ Wooden, Cindy (24 April 2025). "Cardinals choose prelates to offer reflections on church, future pope". OSV News. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  58. ^ "Cardinals hold 4th General Congregation, prepare for 'funeral of shepherd'". Vatican News. 25 April 2025. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  59. ^ White, Christopher. "The process to select a new pope has already begun. Cardinals are meeting almost daily in pre-conclave gatherings". National Catholic Reporter.
  60. ^ "Conclave to elect new Pope to begin on May 7th". Vatican News. 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  61. ^ Mackintosh, Thomas (28 April 2025). "Conclave to elect new pope to begin on 7 May, Vatican says". BBC News. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  62. ^ a b Wimmer, AC. "Cardinals discuss Church's future as Sistine Chapel preparations begin". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  63. ^ a b "Cardinals announce pre-conclave Mass at sixth General Congregation". Vatican News. 29 April 2025. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  64. ^ White, Christopher. "Conclave roundup: Cardinal selfies, name tags and talk of Pope Francis as a 'dictator'". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
  65. ^ "Preparing for the Conclave: The Transformation of Santa Marta". Il Mattino. 23 April 2025. Archived from the original on 24 April 2025. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  66. ^ a b "Papal Interregnum". EWTN. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  67. ^ a b c Garay, Jorge (23 April 2025). "The Tech That Safeguards the Conclave's Secrecy". Wired. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  68. ^ "Inside Casa Santa Marta, Pope Francis's new digs". Culture. 25 April 2025. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  69. ^ "Record number of cardinal electors poses logistical challenge for conclave". Catholic Vote. 24 April 2025. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  70. ^ "Notice". Vatican Museum. 23 April 2025. Archived from the original on 24 April 2025.
  71. ^ "Vatican's Sistine Chapel to close from Monday ahead of papal conclave". Yahoo News. 24 April 2025. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  72. ^ "Cardinal Vincent Nichols expects a 'mood of reflection' at his first conclave". NPR. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  73. ^ "Conclave to elect next pope will begin May 7 | USCCB". USCCB. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
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