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{{Merge from|Vesak|date=May 2020}}
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{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Buddha's Birthday
|type = buddhist
|image = KOCIS Korea YeonDeungHoe 20130511 05 (8733836165).jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|caption = Buddha's Birthday celebration in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]
|official_name = Fódàn (佛誕)<br/>Phật Đản<br/>Chopa-il (초파일, 初八日)[[:ko:부처님 오신 날|부처님 오신 날]]<br/>বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা <br/>बुद्ध जयन्ती <br/> ବୁଦ୍ଧ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣିମା <br/>Vesākha
|nickname = Buddha's Birthday <br/> Buddha Purnima <br/> Buddha Jayanti
|observedby = [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] in [[East Asia]] and Buddhists and some [[Hindu]]s in [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] (as ''[[Vesak]]'')
|litcolor =
|longtype = Buddhist, cultural
|significance = Celebrates the birthday of Gautama Buddha
|date = varies by region:
*April 8 or May 8 (Japan)
*Second Sunday in May (Taiwan)
*8th day of 4th lunar month (mainland China and East Asia)
*first full moon of [[Vaisakha]] (South Asia and Southeast Asia)
|date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Buddha's Birthday |year={{LASTYEAR}} |format=infobox }} (China and East Asia)
|date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Buddha's Birthday |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} |format=infobox |cite=}} (China and East Asia)
|date{{NEXTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Buddha's Birthday |year={{NEXTYEAR}} |format=infobox }} (China and East Asia)
|celebrations =
|duration = 1 day
|frequency = annual
|observances =
|relatedto = [[Vesak]]
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| t = {{linktext|佛|誕}}
| s = {{linktext|佛|诞}}
| p = {{linktext|fó| dàn}}
| j = fat1 daan3
| poj = Hu̍t-á-seⁿ or Hu̍t-á-siⁿ
| qn = Phật Đản
| hangul = 부처님 오신 날
| rr = Buchonim osin nal
| kanji = 灌仏会
| revhep = Kanbutsu-e
}}
'''Buddha's Birthday''' is a Buddhist festival that is celebrated in most of [[East Asia]] commemorating the birth of the [[Gautama Buddha|Prince Siddhartha Gautama]], later the Gautama Buddha, who was the founder of [[Buddhism]]. According to Buddhist tradition and modern academic consensus, Gautama Buddha was born c. 563–483 BCE in [[Lumbini]] (what is now Nepal) and raised in the Shakya capital of [[Kapilavastu (ancient city)|Kapilavastu]].<ref>UNESCO, [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666 Lumbini in Nepal is the birthplace of the Lord Buddha], Gethin ''Foundations'', p. 19, which states that in the mid-3rd century BCE the Emperor [[Ashoka]] determined that Lumbini was Gautama's birthplace and thus installed a pillar there with the inscription: "... this is where the Buddha, sage of the Śākyas (''Śākyamuni''), was born."</ref><ref>For instance, Gethin ''Foundations'', p. 14, states: "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the future Buddha was born Siddhārtha Gautama (Pali Siddhattha Gotama), the son of a local chieftain—a ''rājan''—in Kapilavastu (Pali Kapilavatthu) what is now the Indian–Nepalese border." However, Professor Gombrich (''Theravāda Buddhism'', p. 1) and the old but specialized study by Edward Thomas, ''The Life of the Buddha'', ascribe the name Siattha/fitta to later sources.</ref>
The exact date of Buddha's birthday is based on the Asian [[lunisolar calendar]]s. The date for the celebration of Buddha's birthday varies from year to year in the Western [[Gregorian calendar]], but usually falls in April or May. In leap years it may be celebrated in June.
In [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], the Buddha's birth is celebrated as part of ''[[Vesak]]'', a festival that also celebrates the Buddha's enlightenment and death. In East Asia, the awakening and death of the Buddha are observed as separate holidays.
== Date ==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Buddha discourse under tree.jpg|thumb|225px|left| Enlightened Buddha with disciples - Traditional Image]] -->
The exact date of Buddha's Birthday is based on the Asian [[lunisolar calendar]]s and is primarily celebrated in [[Baisakh]] month of the [[Buddhist calendar]] and the [[Bikram Sambat]] [[Hindu calendar]]. This is the reason behind the term [[Vesak]]. In modern-day India and Nepal, where the Historical [[Buddha]] lived, it is celebrated on the full moon day of the [[Vaisakha]] month of the Buddhist calendar. In Theravada countries following the Buddhist calendar, it falls on the full moon, Uposatha day, typically in the 5th or 6th lunar month. In China and Korea, it is celebrated on the eighth day of the fourth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. The date varies from year to year in the Western Gregorian calendar, but usually falls in April or May. In leap years it may be celebrated in June. In Tibet, it falls on the 7th day of the fourth month of the Tibetan calendar.
=== South and Southeast Asia and Mongolia ===
In [[South Asia]]n and [[Southeast Asia]]n countries as well as [[Mongolia]], Buddha's birthday is celebrated on the full moon day of the [[Vaisakha]] month of the Buddhist calendar and the [[Hindu calendar]], which usually falls in April or May of the Western Gregorian calendar. The festival is known as Buddha Purnima, as Purnima means full moon day in Sanskrit. It is also called Buddha Jayanti, with Jayanti meaning birthday in [[Sanskrit]].
[[File:Buddha's statue near Belum Caves Andhra Pradesh India.jpg|thumb|Buddha's statue located near Belum Caves, Andhra Pradesh, India]]
The corresponding Western [[Gregorian calendar]] dates varies from year to year:
* 2017: May 10
* 2018: April 29 (Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Bangladesh), April 30 (Nepal and India), May 29 (Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/buddha-purnima|title=Buddha Purnima around the world in 2021|website=Office Holidays}}</ref>
* 2019: May 19
* 2020: May 7<ref>{{Cite web|title=BUDDHA PURNIMA (Vesak Day) 2020: Family Life of Gautam Buddha|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/buddha-purnima-2020-vesak-day/|website=SA News Channel}}</ref>
=== East Asia ===
In many [[East Asia]]n countries Buddha's Birth is celebrated on the 8th day of the 4th month in the [[Chinese calendar|Chinese lunar calendar]] (in Japan since 1873 on April 8 of the Gregorian calendar), and the day is an official holiday in [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]] and [[South Korea]]. The date falls from the end of April to the end of May according to the Gregorian calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why the full moon day in May is so auspicious in Buddhism|url=https://scroll.in/article/923092/buddha-purnima-why-the-full-moon-day-in-may-is-so-auspicious-in-buddhism|website=Scroll}}</ref>
The primarily solar Gregorian calendar date varies from year to year:
* 2017: May 3
* 2018: May 22
* 2019: May 12
* 2020: April 30
====Taiwan====
In 1999 the Taiwanese government set Buddha's birthday as the second Sunday of May, the same date as [[Mother's Day]].<ref>{{citation |title= Thousands of believers mark Buddha's birthday |author= Camaron Kao |date= May 14, 2012 |work= [[China Post]] |url= http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2012/05/14/341025/Thousands-of.htm |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130616030705/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2012/05/14/341025/Thousands-of.htm |archive-date= 16 June 2013 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= Sakyamuni Buddha birthday celebrated |author= Ko Shu-Ling |date= May 9, 2011 |work= Taipei Times |url= http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/05/09/2003502765 |quote= The legislature approved a proposal in 1999 to designate the birthday of Sakyamuni Buddha — which falls on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar — a national holiday and to celebrate the special occasion concurrently with International Mother’s Day, which is celebrated on the second Sunday of May. }}</ref>
====Japan====
As a result of the [[Meiji Restoration]], Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar in lieu of the Chinese lunar calendar in 1873. However, it took approximately until 1945, the end of [[World War II]], for religious festivities to adopt the new calendar. In most Japanese temples, Buddha's birth is now celebrated on the Gregorian and buddhist calendar date April 8; only a few (mainly in Okinawa) celebrate it on the orthodox Chinese calendar date of the eighth day of the fourth lunar month.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buddhist countries and different names of Buddha Purnima|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/buddhist-countries-and-the-different-names-of-buddha-purnima-5154009/|website=Indian express}}</ref>
== Celebrations in each country ==
{{Hatnote|This section focuses on Buddha's Birthday/Vesak celebrations across [[Asia]] and beyond as opposed to East Asia only.}}
===Asia===
[[File:Coloured lanterns at the Lotus Lantern Festival.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lotus Lantern Festival celebrating Buddha's Birthday, in South Korea]]
[[File:Vesak Festive Adornments, Jaffna.jpg|thumb|Floating lanterns on a lake for Buddha's Birthday in Jaffna, Sri Lanka]]
====Bangladesh====
In Bangladesh, the event is called Buddho Purnima(বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা). On the days preceding Purnima, Buddhist monks and priests decorate Buddhist temples with colourful decorations and candles. On the day of the festival, the President and Prime Minister deliver speeches addressing the history and importance of Buddhism, and of religious harmony in the country. From noon onwards large fairs are held in and around the temples and [[viharas]], selling Bengali food (largely vegetarian), clothes, and toys. Performances of Buddha's life are also presented. Buddhist monks teach celebrants about the Dharma and the [[Five precepts|Five Precepts]] (panchashila). Buddhists then attend a congression inside the monastery where the chief monk delivers a speech discussing the Buddha and the [[Triratna|Three Jewels]] (tri-ratna), and about living the ideal life. Afterwards, a prayer to the Buddha is offered, and people then light candles and recite the Three Jewels and Five Precepts.<ref name="KK">"বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা", সিলেবাসে নেই, দৈনিক কালের কণ্ঠ; ১১ মে ২০১১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ। পৃ. ৪। পরিদর্শনের তারিখ: ১৭ মে ২০১১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ।</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntvbd.com/religion-and-life/129443/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE|title=আজ শুভ বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা|date=10 May 2017|website=NTV Online}}</ref>
====Cambodia====
In Cambodia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Visak Bochea'' and is a [[Public holidays in Cambodia|public holiday]] where monks around the country carry the Buddhist flag, lotus flowers, incense, and candles to acknowledge Vesak. People also take part in alms-giving to the monks.<ref name="Vesak in Southeast Asia">{{cite web |url=http://thaholiday.com/the-buddhist-celebration-vesak-day-2016/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311195453/http://thaholiday.com/the-buddhist-celebration-vesak-day-2016/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
====China====
In China, celebrations may occur in Buddhist temples where people may light [[incense]] and bring food offerings for the monks.<ref>http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Buddhas-BDay-China.htm#step-heading</ref> In [[Hong Kong]], Buddha's birthday is a [[Public holidays in Hong Kong|public holiday]]. Lanterns are lit to symbolise the Buddha's enlightenment and many people visit the temple to pay their respects. The bathing of statues of the Buddha is a major feature of Buddha's birthday celebrations in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/buddha-birthday.html|title=Buddha Birthday Celebrations 2020|first=M.|last=Hoffmann|website=Hong Kong Traveller}}</ref> The festival is also a public holiday in [[Macau]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publicholidays.asia/macau/buddhas-birthday/|title=Buddha's Birthday 2021, 2022 and 2023 in Macau|website=PublicHolidays.asia}}</ref>
====India====
The public holiday for Buddha purnima in India was initiated by [[B. R. Ambedkar]] when he was the minister of law and justice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/india/2020|title=Public Holidays in India in 2020|website=Office Holidays}}</ref> It is celebrated especially in [[Sikkim]], [[Ladakh]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Bodh Gaya]], various parts of North Bengal such as [[Kalimpong]], [[Darjeeling]], and [[Kurseong]], and [[Maharashtra]] (where 77% of total Indian [[Buddhist]]s live), as well as other parts of India as per Indian calendar. Buddhists go to common [[Viharas]] to observe a rather longer-than-usual, full-length Buddhist sutra, akin to a service. The dress code is pure white. [[semi-vegetarianism|Non-vegetarian]] food is normally avoided. [[Kheer]], sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who, in Gautama Buddha's life, offered the Buddha a bowl of milk [[porridge]]. Informally called "Buddha's Birthday," it actually commemorates the birth, enlightenment (nirvāna), and death (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha in the Theravada tradition. Tibetans in exile remember Buddha's birthday on the 7th day of the Saga Dawa month (fourth month of the Tibetan calendar), which culminates with Buddha's ''parinirvana'' celebrations on the full moon day.
====Indonesia====
In Indonesia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''[[Vesak#Waisak In Indonesia|Waisak]]'' and is a [[Public holidays in Indonesia|public holiday]]. A large procession beginning in [[Mendut]] in [[Java]], and ends at [[Borobudur]] – the largest Buddhist temple in the world.<ref>https://www.justlanded.com/english/Indonesia/Indonesia-Guide/Culture/Vesak-festival-in-Indonesia</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/indonesia-vesak-day-buddhas-birthday-borobudur-worlds-biggest-buddhist-temple-photos-1504198|title=Indonesia: Vesak Day or Buddha\'s Birthday at Borobudur, the world\'s biggest Buddhist temple [Photos]|date=3 June 2015|website=International Business Times UK}}</ref>
====Japan====
[[Image:A birthday of Buddha,hanamatsuri,kanpukuji-temple,katori-city,japan.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Hanamatsuri in Japan]]
[[Image:Shaka at birth basin.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Shaka at Birth (Tōdai-ji)|Shaka at Birth at Tōdaiji]] ([[National Treasures of Japan|National Treasure of Japan]])]]
In Japan, Buddha's Birthday is known as ''Kanbutsu-e'' ({{lang-ja|灌仏会}}) or ''Hana[[matsuri]]'' (Flower Festival) ({{lang-ja|花祭り}}) and is held on April 8. Buddha's birth is also celebrated according to the Buddhist calendar but is not a national holiday. On this day, all temples hold 降誕会 (''Gōtan-e''), 仏生会 (''Busshō-e''), 浴仏会 (''Yokubutsu-e''), 龍華会 (''Ryūge-e'') and 花会式 (''Hana-eshiki''). Japanese people pour ''[[ama-cha]]'' (a beverage prepared from [[hydrangea serrata]], a variety of [[hydrangea]]) on small Buddha statues decorated with flowers, as if bathing a newborn baby. The tradition of bathing the Buddha originated in China and was introduced to Japan where it was first held in [[Nara, Nara|Nara]] in 606.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meetup.com/pl-PL/buddhism-613/events/59639372/|title=Hanamatsuri Service|website=Meetup}}</ref> [[Lion dance|Lion dancing]] is also a major tradition practiced during Buddha's Birthday and has become associated with the festival in Japan.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcvA373XEJwC | title=Asian Material Culture| isbn=9789089640901| last1=Hulsbosch| first1=Marianne| last2=Bedford| first2=Elizabeth| last3=Chaiklin| first3=Martha| year=2009}}</ref>
====Malaysia====
In Malaysia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Wesak Day'' and is a [[Public holidays in Malaysia|public holiday]] celebrated by the [[Buddhism in Malaysia|sizeable minority Buddhist population]] in the country. Temples across the country are decorated, and caged animals are set free. People engage in prayers, chanting, and alms-giving across the country.<ref name="Vesak in Southeast Asia"/>
====Mongolia====
In Mongolia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Ikh Duichen'' and its date is determined by the [[Mongolian calendar|Mongolian lunar calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eternal-landscapes.co.uk/buddhas-birthday-celebrations-ulaanbaatar/|title=Buddha's Birthday Celebrations - Ulaanbaatar|first=Jessica|last=Brooks|date=20 May 2016}}</ref> As a result, the date falls in line with celebrations of Buddha's Birthday/Vesak in South and Southeast Asian countries as opposed to neighbouring East Asian countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=25,1239,0,0,1,0|title=Vesak | Mongolia: Buddha?s 2,549th birthday celebrated|website=www.buddhistchannel.tv}}</ref> In December 2019, the popularly celebrated festival by many Mongolian Buddhists, is made a public holiday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gogo.mn/r/xkvvv|title=Их дүйчин өдрийг бүх нийтийн амралтын өдөр болголоо|website=GoGo.mn}}</ref>
====Myanmar====
In Myanmar, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Full Moon of Kason'' and is a [[Public holidays in Myanmar|public holiday]]. It is celebrated by watering the [[Bodhi tree]] and chanting. In large pagodas, music and dance is also performed as part of the celebrations.<ref name="Vesak in Southeast Asia"/>
====Nepal====
[[File:Bahidyah swanya punhi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Buddha statues at Swayambhu in Nepal]]
In Nepal, Buddha's birthday is celebrated on the full moon day of May. The festival is known by various names, Buddha Jayanti, Buddha Purnima, Vaishakh Purnima, Saga Dawa, and Vesak. [[Purnima (day)|Purnima]] means full moon day in [[Sanskrit]]. Among the [[Newar]]s of Nepal, especially from the Shakya clan of Newars, it is of great importance because they consider it as a continuation of the sage of the Śākyas- the clan that Lord Buddha's family belonged to. Thus, they celebrate the festival which is in their language known as Swānyā Punhi (स्वांया पुन्हि), the full moon day of flowers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunipace |first=Sujal Jane |title=Nepal's Buddha Jayanti Celebration |url=http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=317 |access-date=May 9, 2013 |newspaper=ECS Nepal |date=May 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218155206/http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=317 |archive-date=18 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The day marks not just the birth of Shakyamuni Gautama Buddha, but also the day of his [[Bodhi|Enlightenment]] and [[Mahaparinirvana]].
The event is celebrated by gentle and serene fervour, keeping in mind the very nature of Buddhism. People, especially women, go to common [[Viharas]] to observe a rather longer-than-usual, full-length Buddhist [[sutra]], something like a service. The usual dress is pure white. Non-vegetarian food is normally avoided. [[Kheer]], sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who offered the Buddha a bowl of milk [[porridge]].
Buddha Purnima is the biggest day for Buddhists because on this day, it is believed three important events of the Buddha's life took place: his birth, his attaining enlightenment, and his death, Paranirvana. This day is known as '''Thrice Blessed Festival.'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buddha-statues.info/blog/buddha-purnima-the-most-important-and-sacred-day-for-the-followers-of-buddhism/|title=Buddha Purnima}}</ref>
==== North Korea ====
Buddha's Birthday is occasionally designated as a public holiday in [[North Korea]] and is known as ''Chopail'' ({{lang-ko|초파일}}).<ref name="Source23">{{Cite book |title=Understanding North Korea: Totalitarian dictatorship, Highly centralized economies, Grand Socialist Family |publisher=길잡이미디어 |year=2015 |pages=385}}</ref> Designation of [[List of Korean traditional festivals|traditional Korean holidays]] as public holidays in North Korea are determined by the [[Cabinet of North Korea|Cabinet]] a few days before the traditional holiday begins.<ref name="Source23"/> Buddha's Birthday is a traditional festival in Korean culture, and was celebrated in Korea long before the [[Division of Korea|division of the country.]] As a result, the festival is still celebrated in North Korea by the country's Buddhist population.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. 1 |publisher=길잡이미디어 |year=2014 |isbn=978-8992128926 |pages=147}}</ref>
====Singapore====
In Singapore, Buddha's birthday is celebrated as ''Vesak'' or ''Vesak Day'' and is a [[Public holidays in Singapore|public holiday]] in the country. Buddhist temples hold celebrations and are decorated with [[Buddhist flag]]s and flowers. Devotees also bring offerings to the temples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publicholidays.sg/vesak-day/|title=Vesak Day 2021, 2022 and 2023|website=PublicHolidays.sg}}</ref>
====South Korea====
[[File:Buddha Parade in Daegu.jpg|thumb|150px|Buddha lantern parade in Daegu, Korea]]
In South Korea, the birthday of Buddha is celebrated according to the [[Korean calendar|Korean lunar calendar]] and is a public holiday. This day is called Seokga tansinil({{lang|ko|석가탄신일}}, 釋迦誕辰日 in [[Hanja]]), meaning "Buddha's birthday" or {{lang|ko|부처님 오신 날}} (Bucheonim osin nal) meaning "the day when the Buddha came." Lotus lanterns hang in temples throughout the month and lanterns are hung in homes and in the streets.<ref name="SKorea">{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. 1 |publisher=길잡이미디어 |year=2014 |isbn=978-8992128926 |pages=150}}</ref> On the day of Buddha's birth, many temples provide free meals and tea to all visitors. Breakfast and lunch are also provided, which often includes sanchae [[bibimbap]]. Buddha's Birthday is a popular holiday and folk celebration in Korea, and is often celebrated by people of all religious faiths.<ref name="SKorea"/>
====Sri Lanka====
[[File:Piliyandala Vesak Pandol, May 2015.jpg|thumbnail|Vesak Thorana in Piliyandala, Sri Lanka]]
In Sri Lanka, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''[[Vesak#Vesak in Sri Lanka|Vesak]]'' and is a [[Culture of Sri Lanka#List of holidays|public holiday]] celebrated on the first full moon day of the month of May. Its date is determined by the [[Buddhist calendar|Buddhist lunar calendar]]. People engage in religious observances and decorate houses and streets with candles and paper lanterns as well as bamboo-framed lanterns. ''Dansalas'' is practised and refers to the free offering of food and drink to people. Devotional songs known as ''Bakthi Gee'' are sung, and decorative gateways called''[[Torana#Meaning and uses of torana|pandols]]'' are erected throughout the country. Temples around the country also hold celebrations, and devotees bring offerings and burn incense.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lakpura.com/vesak|title=Vesak - 【Lakpura™】|website=lakpura.com}}</ref> Electric light displays that depict stories from the Buddha's life are also a notable part of Vesak celebrations in the country.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
====Taiwan====
In Taiwan, Buddha's birthday is a national holiday. Devotees pour fragrant water over Buddha statues to symbolise the beginning of a fresh start in life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/vesak-how-buddhas-birthda_n_1478896|title=PHOTOS: Celebrating The Buddha's Birthday Around The World|date=5 May 2012|website=HuffPost}}</ref>
====Thailand====
In Thailand, Buddha's birthday is celebrated as ''Visakha Puja'' and is a [[Public holidays in Thailand|public holiday]]. People gather at temples to hear sermons, give donations and chant prayers.<ref>http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Visak-Puja-Thailand.htm</ref>
====Vietnam====
Buddha's birthday is celebrated throughout Vietnam. Many Buddhist temples hold celebrations that attract people from around the country, while pagodas around the country are decorated.<ref>http://goseasia.about.com/od/eventsfes6/tp/vn_festivals.01.htm</ref> From 1958 to 1975, ''[[Vesak#In Vietnam|Lễ Phật Đản]]'', the birthday of Buddha (on the 8th day of the 4th month in the Lunar calendar) was recognized as a national public holiday in [[South Vietnam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://quangduc.com/lichsu/13nienbieupgvn3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115000946/http://quangduc.com/lichsu/13nienbieupgvn3.html|url-status=dead|title=Niên biểu lịch sử Phật giáo Việt Nam|archive-date=15 November 2012}}</ref> enjoyed with floats and lantern parades on the streets. Currently Buddha's Birthday is still a popular celebrated festival in Vietnam, but not a public holiday.
===Festivities outside Asia===
====Australia====
In [[Sydney]], Buddha's birthday is celebrated at the Nan Tien Temple in Wollongong, while another celebration also organised by Nan Tien Temple is held at [[Darling Harbour]], which features Buddha's birthday ceremony. A variety of vegetarian food is served, and culture stalls and multicultural performances are held, celebrating cultures from China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nantien.org.au/en/events/buddhas-birthday-festival|title=Buddha's Birthday Festival | Nan Tien Temple|website=www.nantien.org.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.apc.edu.au/2013/05/buddhas-birthday-celebration.html|title=Buddha's Birthday Celebration}}</ref> Other temples in the Fo Guang Shan Nan Tien Temple group in Australia also hld celebrations on the eighth day of the fourth month of the China lunar calendar.<ref name=bbep>{{cite web|title=Buddha's Birthday Education Project|url=http://www.paradeofthebuddhas.org/|publisher=International Buddhist Progress Society|access-date=12 January 2014}}</ref> In [[Brisbane]], the ''Buddha's Birthday Festival'' is held annually and features a variety of pan-Asian food, and performances from various cultures are held.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/|title=Buddha Birth Day Festival|website=buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au}}</ref> It is a weekend-long festival which draws over 200 000 visitors.<ref name="bbdf">{{cite web|title=Buddha Birthday Festival|url=http://2014.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival|publisher=Buddha's Light International Association, Chung Tian Temple|access-date=26 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140126151802/http://2014.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival|archive-date=26 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In [[Melbourne]], the weekend-long festival called ''Buddha's Day and Multicultural Festival'' is held at Federation Square around April/May.<ref>{{cite web|title=Buddha's Birthday and Multicultural Festival|url=http://www.buddhaday.org.au|publisher=Buddha's Light International Association Victoria|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref> In [[Perth]], a two-day celebration also known as ''Buddha's Day and Multicultural Festival'' is held at [[Langley Park (Western Australia)|Langley Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitperthcity.com/events/buddhas-birthday-multicultural-festival |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314000338/http://visitperthcity.com/events/buddhas-birthday-multicultural-festival |archive-date=14 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> Local Buddhist temples and smaller towns around the country such as [[Bendigo]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] also hold celebrations.<ref>http://www.bendigotourism.com/whats-on/whats-on-this-month/event/3258-vesak-festival-of-light</ref>
On the Australian [[states and territories of Australia|external territory]] of [[Christmas Island]], Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as "Vesak Day" and is celebrated alongside many other celebrations common in Australia and Malaysia as well as local celebrations of the island.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.christmas.net.au/visitor-guide/files/inc/Christmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073342/https://www.christmas.net.au/visitor-guide/files/inc/Christmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christmas.net.au/about/culture.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015211953/https://www.christmas.net.au/about/culture.html |archive-date=15 October 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
====Brazil====
Vesak (Hanamatsuri) is widely known and celebrated in Brazil due to the country's large [[Japanese Brazilians|Japanese community]]. Hanamatsuri has grown in popularity and also attracts interest from the wider non-Japanese Brazilian population. As a result, Hanamatsuri has become a [[consumerism|consumerist culture phenomenon]] in the country and is sometimes locally known as ''Festa das Flores''.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCqTDAAAQBAJ | title=The Global Repositioning of Japanese Religions: An integrated approach| isbn=9781317030126| last1=Dessi| first1=Ugo| date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref name="Source">{{cite web |url=http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2007/10/11/brazil-nihonjinmachi/ |title=Chapter 8: The Formation and Development of Bairro Oriental (3) - The Emergence of a New "Tradition"
|last1=Negawa |first1= Sachio |date=11 October 2007 |publisher=Discover Nikkei |access-date=17 February 2018 }}</ref> Hanamatsuri is celebrated in the [[São Paulo]] neighbourhood of [[Liberdade (district of São Paulo)|Liberdade]] which is home to the largest Japanese community outside of Japan.<ref name="Source2">{{cite web |url=http://www.culturajaponesa.com.br/index.php/festivais/hanamatsuri/ |title=Hanamatsuri|publisher=CulturaJaponesa.com.br |access-date=17 February 2018 }}</ref> Hanamatsuri celebrations in Liberdade began in 1966 and includes a parade on Galvão Bueno street. Celebrations are also held at the suburb's major shopping centre, Liberdade Plaza.<ref name="Source"/><ref name="Source2"/>
====Canada====
In [[Toronto]], three Buddhist temples representing the three main branches of Buddhism organize an annual event known as ''Vesak: Buddha's Birthday''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vesakcelebration.com/|title=vesak celebration|website=vesak2014}}</ref> It is held at [[Mississauga|Mississauga Celebration Square]], and features a number of Buddhist-themed events and activities, as well as cultural acts from Asia, including China, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sumeru-books.com/tag/mississauga/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308150620/http://www.sumeru-books.com/tag/mississauga/ |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mississauga.com/news-story/4518929-buddhists-to-mark-buddha-s-birthday-at-celebration-square/|title=Buddhists to mark Buddha's birthday at Celebration Square|first=Nouman|last=Khalil|date=14 May 2014|website=Mississauga.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culture.mississauga.ca/event/celebration-square/vesak-buddha%E2%80%99s-birthday-celebration|title=Vesak, Buddha's Birthday Celebration|date=11 April 2016|website=Mississauga Culture}}</ref>
====United States====
The celebration of Buddha's Birthday in the United States differs from community to community, depending on ethnicity and nationality.
The Japanese celebration on 8 April has been significant in the [[Bay Area]] of California for some decades. In 1968 the first [[circumambulation]] of Mt. Tamalpais to celebrate Buddha's Birthday was conducted. Starting in 1969 at Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, ''Hana-Matsuri'' was celebrated each spring. Dressed in formal black robes, the roughly 70 monks and students form a formal procession to the Horse Pasture with the leader periodically ringing a small, clear bell. A temporary stone altar was built under a huge oak tree in a gorgeous field of green grass and abundant wildflowers; a small statue of a baby Buddha was placed upon it in a metal basin. Then each person, in turn, approaches the altar, and ladle one thin-lipped bamboo dipperful of sweet green tea over the statue, bow, and walk to one side.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japanese-city.com/calendar/events/index.php?eID=32066|title=2014 Hanamatsuri Bazaar - Japanese and Buddhist Cultural Festival (2 Days) | Japanese-City.com|website=www.japanese-city.com}}</ref>
In [[New York City|New York]], the ''International Lotus Lantern Parade'' has been a notable and successful annual event held at [[Union Square Park]]. The event celebrates the Buddha's birthday and ''Yeon Deung Hoe'' (연등회,燃燈會), a Korean lantern celebration that is held during Vesak. The festival features a number of Buddhist themed events and is started off by numerous Buddhist centres of Japanese, Korean and Sri Lankan origins for example.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interfaithcenter.org/archives/5318|title=The 25th International Lotus Lantern Parade for the Celebration of Buddha's Birthday! | ICNY|website=interfaithcenter.org}}</ref>
Since 1963, the state of Hawaii has recognized April 8 of each year as "Buddha Day", which celebrates the birth of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism.
== See also ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* [[Bun Festival]] - a festival held on the same day in Hong Kong.
* [[Hanami]]
* [[Holidays in Taiwan]]
* [[Holidays in Vietnam]]
* [[Holidays of Japan]]
* [[List of Buddhist festivals]]
* [[List of festivals in Asia]]
* [[Public holidays in Bangladesh]]
* [[Public holidays in Bhutan]]
* [[Public holidays in India]]
* [[Public holidays in Macau]]
* [[Public holidays in Nepal]]
* [[Public holidays in North Korea]]
* [[Public holidays in South Korea]]
* [[Public holidays in Sri Lanka]]
{{refend}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|40em}}
== Further reading ==
* The Folkloric Study of Chopail (Buddha's Birthday), written by Prof. M.Y.Pyeon. Produced by Minsokwon in Seoul Korea 2002.
== External links ==
{{commons category|Buddha's Birthday}}
* [https://www.ashesh.com.np/buddha-jayanti-birthday/ Buddha Jayanti] About Buddha Jayanti
* [http://www.himalisherpa.com/buddha-jayanti.php Buddha's Birthday बुद्ध जयन्ती] Buddha's Birthday बुद्ध जयन्ती
{{Gautama Buddha}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Festivals in South Korea}}
{{Hong Kong Holidays}}
{{Nepal Holidays}}
[[Category:Buddhist holidays]]
[[Category:Buddhist festivals]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Nepal]]
[[Category:Public holidays in South Korea]]
[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:May observances]]
[[Category:Birthdays]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in Nepal]]
[[Category:Festivals in Korea]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in South Korea]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Chinese calendar]]
[[Category:Observances on non-Gregorian calendars]]<!--Please don't remove this category even though its redundant, this holiday needs to be sorted into all calendar categories-->
[[Category:Religious festivals in Asia]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Burmese calendar]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Korea]]
[[Category:Han Buddhist holidays]]
[[Category:Observances held on the full moon]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '== Date ==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Buddha discourse under tree.jpg|thumb|225px|left| Enlightened Buddha with disciples - Traditional Image]] -->
The exact date of Buddha's Birthday is based on the Asian [[lunisolar calendar]]s and is primarily celebrated in [[Baisakh]] month of the [[Buddhist calendar]] and the [[Bikram Sambat]] [[Hindu calendar]]. This is the reason behind the term [[Vesak]]. In modern-day India and Nepal, where the Historical [[Buddha]] lived, it is celebrated on the full moon day of the [[Vaisakha]] month of the Buddhist calendar. In Theravada countries following the Buddhist calendar, it falls on the full moon, Uposatha day, typically in the 5th or 6th lunar month. In China and Korea, it is celebrated on the eighth day of the fourth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. The date varies from year to year in the Western Gregorian calendar, but usually falls in April or May. In leap years it may be celebrated in June. In Tibet, it falls on the 7th day of the fourth month of the Tibetan calendar.
=== South and Southeast Asia and Mongolia ===
In [[South Asia]]n and [[Southeast Asia]]n countries as well as [[Mongolia]], Buddha's birthday is celebrated on the full moon day of the [[Vaisakha]] month of the Buddhist calendar and the [[Hindu calendar]], which usually falls in April or May of the Western Gregorian calendar. The festival is known as Buddha Purnima, as Purnima means full moon day in Sanskrit. It is also called Buddha Jayanti, with Jayanti meaning birthday in [[Sanskrit]].
[[File:Buddha's statue near Belum Caves Andhra Pradesh India.jpg|thumb|Buddha's statue located near Belum Caves, Andhra Pradesh, India]]
The corresponding Western [[Gregorian calendar]] dates varies from year to year:
* 2017: May 10
* 2018: April 29 (Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Bangladesh), April 30 (Nepal and India), May 29 (Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/buddha-purnima|title=Buddha Purnima around the world in 2021|website=Office Holidays}}</ref>
* 2019: May 19
* 2020: May 7<ref>{{Cite web|title=BUDDHA PURNIMA (Vesak Day) 2020: Family Life of Gautam Buddha|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/buddha-purnima-2020-vesak-day/|website=SA News Channel}}</ref>
=== East Asia ===
In many [[East Asia]]n countries Buddha's Birth is celebrated on the 8th day of the 4th month in the [[Chinese calendar|Chinese lunar calendar]] (in Japan since 1873 on April 8 of the Gregorian calendar), and the day is an official holiday in [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]] and [[South Korea]]. The date falls from the end of April to the end of May according to the Gregorian calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why the full moon day in May is so auspicious in Buddhism|url=https://scroll.in/article/923092/buddha-purnima-why-the-full-moon-day-in-may-is-so-auspicious-in-buddhism|website=Scroll}}</ref>
The primarily solar Gregorian calendar date varies from year to year:
* 2017: May 3
* 2018: May 22
* 2019: May 12
* 2020: April 30
====Taiwan====
In 1999 the Taiwanese government set Buddha's birthday as the second Sunday of May, the same date as [[Mother's Day]].<ref>{{citation |title= Thousands of believers mark Buddha's birthday |author= Camaron Kao |date= May 14, 2012 |work= [[China Post]] |url= http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2012/05/14/341025/Thousands-of.htm |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130616030705/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2012/05/14/341025/Thousands-of.htm |archive-date= 16 June 2013 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= Sakyamuni Buddha birthday celebrated |author= Ko Shu-Ling |date= May 9, 2011 |work= Taipei Times |url= http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/05/09/2003502765 |quote= The legislature approved a proposal in 1999 to designate the birthday of Sakyamuni Buddha — which falls on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar — a national holiday and to celebrate the special occasion concurrently with International Mother’s Day, which is celebrated on the second Sunday of May. }}</ref>
====Japan====
As a result of the [[Meiji Restoration]], Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar in lieu of the Chinese lunar calendar in 1873. However, it took approximately until 1945, the end of [[World War II]], for religious festivities to adopt the new calendar. In most Japanese temples, Buddha's birth is now celebrated on the Gregorian and buddhist calendar date April 8; only a few (mainly in Okinawa) celebrate it on the orthodox Chinese calendar date of the eighth day of the fourth lunar month.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buddhist countries and different names of Buddha Purnima|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/buddhist-countries-and-the-different-names-of-buddha-purnima-5154009/|website=Indian express}}</ref>
== Celebrations in each country ==
{{Hatnote|This section focuses on Buddha's Birthday/Vesak celebrations across [[Asia]] and beyond as opposed to East Asia only.}}
===Asia===
[[File:Coloured lanterns at the Lotus Lantern Festival.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lotus Lantern Festival celebrating Buddha's Birthday, in South Korea]]
[[File:Vesak Festive Adornments, Jaffna.jpg|thumb|Floating lanterns on a lake for Buddha's Birthday in Jaffna, Sri Lanka]]
====Bangladesh====
In Bangladesh, the event is called Buddho Purnima(বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা). On the days preceding Purnima, Buddhist monks and priests decorate Buddhist temples with colourful decorations and candles. On the day of the festival, the President and Prime Minister deliver speeches addressing the history and importance of Buddhism, and of religious harmony in the country. From noon onwards large fairs are held in and around the temples and [[viharas]], selling Bengali food (largely vegetarian), clothes, and toys. Performances of Buddha's life are also presented. Buddhist monks teach celebrants about the Dharma and the [[Five precepts|Five Precepts]] (panchashila). Buddhists then attend a congression inside the monastery where the chief monk delivers a speech discussing the Buddha and the [[Triratna|Three Jewels]] (tri-ratna), and about living the ideal life. Afterwards, a prayer to the Buddha is offered, and people then light candles and recite the Three Jewels and Five Precepts.<ref name="KK">"বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা", সিলেবাসে নেই, দৈনিক কালের কণ্ঠ; ১১ মে ২০১১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ। পৃ. ৪। পরিদর্শনের তারিখ: ১৭ মে ২০১১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ।</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntvbd.com/religion-and-life/129443/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE|title=আজ শুভ বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা|date=10 May 2017|website=NTV Online}}</ref>
====Cambodia====
In Cambodia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Visak Bochea'' and is a [[Public holidays in Cambodia|public holiday]] where monks around the country carry the Buddhist flag, lotus flowers, incense, and candles to acknowledge Vesak. People also take part in alms-giving to the monks.<ref name="Vesak in Southeast Asia">{{cite web |url=http://thaholiday.com/the-buddhist-celebration-vesak-day-2016/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311195453/http://thaholiday.com/the-buddhist-celebration-vesak-day-2016/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
====China====
In China, celebrations may occur in Buddhist temples where people may light [[incense]] and bring food offerings for the monks.<ref>http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Buddhas-BDay-China.htm#step-heading</ref> In [[Hong Kong]], Buddha's birthday is a [[Public holidays in Hong Kong|public holiday]]. Lanterns are lit to symbolise the Buddha's enlightenment and many people visit the temple to pay their respects. The bathing of statues of the Buddha is a major feature of Buddha's birthday celebrations in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/buddha-birthday.html|title=Buddha Birthday Celebrations 2020|first=M.|last=Hoffmann|website=Hong Kong Traveller}}</ref> The festival is also a public holiday in [[Macau]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publicholidays.asia/macau/buddhas-birthday/|title=Buddha's Birthday 2021, 2022 and 2023 in Macau|website=PublicHolidays.asia}}</ref>
====India====
The public holiday for Buddha purnima in India was initiated by [[B. R. Ambedkar]] when he was the minister of law and justice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/india/2020|title=Public Holidays in India in 2020|website=Office Holidays}}</ref> It is celebrated especially in [[Sikkim]], [[Ladakh]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Bodh Gaya]], various parts of North Bengal such as [[Kalimpong]], [[Darjeeling]], and [[Kurseong]], and [[Maharashtra]] (where 77% of total Indian [[Buddhist]]s live), as well as other parts of India as per Indian calendar. Buddhists go to common [[Viharas]] to observe a rather longer-than-usual, full-length Buddhist sutra, akin to a service. The dress code is pure white. [[semi-vegetarianism|Non-vegetarian]] food is normally avoided. [[Kheer]], sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who, in Gautama Buddha's life, offered the Buddha a bowl of milk [[porridge]]. Informally called "Buddha's Birthday," it actually commemorates the birth, enlightenment (nirvāna), and death (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha in the Theravada tradition. Tibetans in exile remember Buddha's birthday on the 7th day of the Saga Dawa month (fourth month of the Tibetan calendar), which culminates with Buddha's ''parinirvana'' celebrations on the full moon day.
====Indonesia====
In Indonesia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''[[Vesak#Waisak In Indonesia|Waisak]]'' and is a [[Public holidays in Indonesia|public holiday]]. A large procession beginning in [[Mendut]] in [[Java]], and ends at [[Borobudur]] – the largest Buddhist temple in the world.<ref>https://www.justlanded.com/english/Indonesia/Indonesia-Guide/Culture/Vesak-festival-in-Indonesia</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/indonesia-vesak-day-buddhas-birthday-borobudur-worlds-biggest-buddhist-temple-photos-1504198|title=Indonesia: Vesak Day or Buddha\'s Birthday at Borobudur, the world\'s biggest Buddhist temple [Photos]|date=3 June 2015|website=International Business Times UK}}</ref>
====Japan====
[[Image:A birthday of Buddha,hanamatsuri,kanpukuji-temple,katori-city,japan.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Hanamatsuri in Japan]]
[[Image:Shaka at birth basin.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Shaka at Birth (Tōdai-ji)|Shaka at Birth at Tōdaiji]] ([[National Treasures of Japan|National Treasure of Japan]])]]
In Japan, Buddha's Birthday is known as ''Kanbutsu-e'' ({{lang-ja|灌仏会}}) or ''Hana[[matsuri]]'' (Flower Festival) ({{lang-ja|花祭り}}) and is held on April 8. Buddha's birth is also celebrated according to the Buddhist calendar but is not a national holiday. On this day, all temples hold 降誕会 (''Gōtan-e''), 仏生会 (''Busshō-e''), 浴仏会 (''Yokubutsu-e''), 龍華会 (''Ryūge-e'') and 花会式 (''Hana-eshiki''). Japanese people pour ''[[ama-cha]]'' (a beverage prepared from [[hydrangea serrata]], a variety of [[hydrangea]]) on small Buddha statues decorated with flowers, as if bathing a newborn baby. The tradition of bathing the Buddha originated in China and was introduced to Japan where it was first held in [[Nara, Nara|Nara]] in 606.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meetup.com/pl-PL/buddhism-613/events/59639372/|title=Hanamatsuri Service|website=Meetup}}</ref> [[Lion dance|Lion dancing]] is also a major tradition practiced during Buddha's Birthday and has become associated with the festival in Japan.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcvA373XEJwC | title=Asian Material Culture| isbn=9789089640901| last1=Hulsbosch| first1=Marianne| last2=Bedford| first2=Elizabeth| last3=Chaiklin| first3=Martha| year=2009}}</ref>
====Malaysia====
In Malaysia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Wesak Day'' and is a [[Public holidays in Malaysia|public holiday]] celebrated by the [[Buddhism in Malaysia|sizeable minority Buddhist population]] in the country. Temples across the country are decorated, and caged animals are set free. People engage in prayers, chanting, and alms-giving across the country.<ref name="Vesak in Southeast Asia"/>
====Mongolia====
In Mongolia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Ikh Duichen'' and its date is determined by the [[Mongolian calendar|Mongolian lunar calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eternal-landscapes.co.uk/buddhas-birthday-celebrations-ulaanbaatar/|title=Buddha's Birthday Celebrations - Ulaanbaatar|first=Jessica|last=Brooks|date=20 May 2016}}</ref> As a result, the date falls in line with celebrations of Buddha's Birthday/Vesak in South and Southeast Asian countries as opposed to neighbouring East Asian countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=25,1239,0,0,1,0|title=Vesak | Mongolia: Buddha?s 2,549th birthday celebrated|website=www.buddhistchannel.tv}}</ref> In December 2019, the popularly celebrated festival by many Mongolian Buddhists, is made a public holiday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gogo.mn/r/xkvvv|title=Их дүйчин өдрийг бүх нийтийн амралтын өдөр болголоо|website=GoGo.mn}}</ref>
====Myanmar====
In Myanmar, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''Full Moon of Kason'' and is a [[Public holidays in Myanmar|public holiday]]. It is celebrated by watering the [[Bodhi tree]] and chanting. In large pagodas, music and dance is also performed as part of the celebrations.<ref name="Vesak in Southeast Asia"/>
====Nepal====
[[File:Bahidyah swanya punhi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Buddha statues at Swayambhu in Nepal]]
In Nepal, Buddha's birthday is celebrated on the full moon day of May. The festival is known by various names, Buddha Jayanti, Buddha Purnima, Vaishakh Purnima, Saga Dawa, and Vesak. [[Purnima (day)|Purnima]] means full moon day in [[Sanskrit]]. Among the [[Newar]]s of Nepal, especially from the Shakya clan of Newars, it is of great importance because they consider it as a continuation of the sage of the Śākyas- the clan that Lord Buddha's family belonged to. Thus, they celebrate the festival which is in their language known as Swānyā Punhi (स्वांया पुन्हि), the full moon day of flowers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunipace |first=Sujal Jane |title=Nepal's Buddha Jayanti Celebration |url=http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=317 |access-date=May 9, 2013 |newspaper=ECS Nepal |date=May 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218155206/http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=317 |archive-date=18 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The day marks not just the birth of Shakyamuni Gautama Buddha, but also the day of his [[Bodhi|Enlightenment]] and [[Mahaparinirvana]].
The event is celebrated by gentle and serene fervour, keeping in mind the very nature of Buddhism. People, especially women, go to common [[Viharas]] to observe a rather longer-than-usual, full-length Buddhist [[sutra]], something like a service. The usual dress is pure white. Non-vegetarian food is normally avoided. [[Kheer]], sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who offered the Buddha a bowl of milk [[porridge]].
Buddha Purnima is the biggest day for Buddhists because on this day, it is believed three important events of the Buddha's life took place: his birth, his attaining enlightenment, and his death, Paranirvana. This day is known as '''Thrice Blessed Festival.'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buddha-statues.info/blog/buddha-purnima-the-most-important-and-sacred-day-for-the-followers-of-buddhism/|title=Buddha Purnima}}</ref>
==== North Korea ====
Buddha's Birthday is occasionally designated as a public holiday in [[North Korea]] and is known as ''Chopail'' ({{lang-ko|초파일}}).<ref name="Source23">{{Cite book |title=Understanding North Korea: Totalitarian dictatorship, Highly centralized economies, Grand Socialist Family |publisher=길잡이미디어 |year=2015 |pages=385}}</ref> Designation of [[List of Korean traditional festivals|traditional Korean holidays]] as public holidays in North Korea are determined by the [[Cabinet of North Korea|Cabinet]] a few days before the traditional holiday begins.<ref name="Source23"/> Buddha's Birthday is a traditional festival in Korean culture, and was celebrated in Korea long before the [[Division of Korea|division of the country.]] As a result, the festival is still celebrated in North Korea by the country's Buddhist population.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. 1 |publisher=길잡이미디어 |year=2014 |isbn=978-8992128926 |pages=147}}</ref>
====Singapore====
In Singapore, Buddha's birthday is celebrated as ''Vesak'' or ''Vesak Day'' and is a [[Public holidays in Singapore|public holiday]] in the country. Buddhist temples hold celebrations and are decorated with [[Buddhist flag]]s and flowers. Devotees also bring offerings to the temples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publicholidays.sg/vesak-day/|title=Vesak Day 2021, 2022 and 2023|website=PublicHolidays.sg}}</ref>
====South Korea====
[[File:Buddha Parade in Daegu.jpg|thumb|150px|Buddha lantern parade in Daegu, Korea]]
In South Korea, the birthday of Buddha is celebrated according to the [[Korean calendar|Korean lunar calendar]] and is a public holiday. This day is called Seokga tansinil({{lang|ko|석가탄신일}}, 釋迦誕辰日 in [[Hanja]]), meaning "Buddha's birthday" or {{lang|ko|부처님 오신 날}} (Bucheonim osin nal) meaning "the day when the Buddha came." Lotus lanterns hang in temples throughout the month and lanterns are hung in homes and in the streets.<ref name="SKorea">{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. 1 |publisher=길잡이미디어 |year=2014 |isbn=978-8992128926 |pages=150}}</ref> On the day of Buddha's birth, many temples provide free meals and tea to all visitors. Breakfast and lunch are also provided, which often includes sanchae [[bibimbap]]. Buddha's Birthday is a popular holiday and folk celebration in Korea, and is often celebrated by people of all religious faiths.<ref name="SKorea"/>
====Sri Lanka====
[[File:Piliyandala Vesak Pandol, May 2015.jpg|thumbnail|Vesak Thorana in Piliyandala, Sri Lanka]]
In Sri Lanka, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as ''[[Vesak#Vesak in Sri Lanka|Vesak]]'' and is a [[Culture of Sri Lanka#List of holidays|public holiday]] celebrated on the first full moon day of the month of May. Its date is determined by the [[Buddhist calendar|Buddhist lunar calendar]]. People engage in religious observances and decorate houses and streets with candles and paper lanterns as well as bamboo-framed lanterns. ''Dansalas'' is practised and refers to the free offering of food and drink to people. Devotional songs known as ''Bakthi Gee'' are sung, and decorative gateways called''[[Torana#Meaning and uses of torana|pandols]]'' are erected throughout the country. Temples around the country also hold celebrations, and devotees bring offerings and burn incense.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lakpura.com/vesak|title=Vesak - 【Lakpura™】|website=lakpura.com}}</ref> Electric light displays that depict stories from the Buddha's life are also a notable part of Vesak celebrations in the country.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
====Taiwan====
In Taiwan, Buddha's birthday is a national holiday. Devotees pour fragrant water over Buddha statues to symbolise the beginning of a fresh start in life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/vesak-how-buddhas-birthda_n_1478896|title=PHOTOS: Celebrating The Buddha's Birthday Around The World|date=5 May 2012|website=HuffPost}}</ref>
====Thailand====
In Thailand, Buddha's birthday is celebrated as ''Visakha Puja'' and is a [[Public holidays in Thailand|public holiday]]. People gather at temples to hear sermons, give donations and chant prayers.<ref>http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Visak-Puja-Thailand.htm</ref>
====Vietnam====
Buddha's birthday is celebrated throughout Vietnam. Many Buddhist temples hold celebrations that attract people from around the country, while pagodas around the country are decorated.<ref>http://goseasia.about.com/od/eventsfes6/tp/vn_festivals.01.htm</ref> From 1958 to 1975, ''[[Vesak#In Vietnam|Lễ Phật Đản]]'', the birthday of Buddha (on the 8th day of the 4th month in the Lunar calendar) was recognized as a national public holiday in [[South Vietnam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://quangduc.com/lichsu/13nienbieupgvn3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115000946/http://quangduc.com/lichsu/13nienbieupgvn3.html|url-status=dead|title=Niên biểu lịch sử Phật giáo Việt Nam|archive-date=15 November 2012}}</ref> enjoyed with floats and lantern parades on the streets. Currently Buddha's Birthday is still a popular celebrated festival in Vietnam, but not a public holiday.
===Festivities outside Asia===
====Australia====
In [[Sydney]], Buddha's birthday is celebrated at the Nan Tien Temple in Wollongong, while another celebration also organised by Nan Tien Temple is held at [[Darling Harbour]], which features Buddha's birthday ceremony. A variety of vegetarian food is served, and culture stalls and multicultural performances are held, celebrating cultures from China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nantien.org.au/en/events/buddhas-birthday-festival|title=Buddha's Birthday Festival | Nan Tien Temple|website=www.nantien.org.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.apc.edu.au/2013/05/buddhas-birthday-celebration.html|title=Buddha's Birthday Celebration}}</ref> Other temples in the Fo Guang Shan Nan Tien Temple group in Australia also hld celebrations on the eighth day of the fourth month of the China lunar calendar.<ref name=bbep>{{cite web|title=Buddha's Birthday Education Project|url=http://www.paradeofthebuddhas.org/|publisher=International Buddhist Progress Society|access-date=12 January 2014}}</ref> In [[Brisbane]], the ''Buddha's Birthday Festival'' is held annually and features a variety of pan-Asian food, and performances from various cultures are held.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/|title=Buddha Birth Day Festival|website=buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au}}</ref> It is a weekend-long festival which draws over 200 000 visitors.<ref name="bbdf">{{cite web|title=Buddha Birthday Festival|url=http://2014.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival|publisher=Buddha's Light International Association, Chung Tian Temple|access-date=26 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140126151802/http://2014.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival|archive-date=26 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In [[Melbourne]], the weekend-long festival called ''Buddha's Day and Multicultural Festival'' is held at Federation Square around April/May.<ref>{{cite web|title=Buddha's Birthday and Multicultural Festival|url=http://www.buddhaday.org.au|publisher=Buddha's Light International Association Victoria|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref> In [[Perth]], a two-day celebration also known as ''Buddha's Day and Multicultural Festival'' is held at [[Langley Park (Western Australia)|Langley Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitperthcity.com/events/buddhas-birthday-multicultural-festival |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314000338/http://visitperthcity.com/events/buddhas-birthday-multicultural-festival |archive-date=14 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> Local Buddhist temples and smaller towns around the country such as [[Bendigo]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] also hold celebrations.<ref>http://www.bendigotourism.com/whats-on/whats-on-this-month/event/3258-vesak-festival-of-light</ref>
On the Australian [[states and territories of Australia|external territory]] of [[Christmas Island]], Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as "Vesak Day" and is celebrated alongside many other celebrations common in Australia and Malaysia as well as local celebrations of the island.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.christmas.net.au/visitor-guide/files/inc/Christmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073342/https://www.christmas.net.au/visitor-guide/files/inc/Christmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christmas.net.au/about/culture.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015211953/https://www.christmas.net.au/about/culture.html |archive-date=15 October 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
====Brazil====
Vesak (Hanamatsuri) is widely known and celebrated in Brazil due to the country's large [[Japanese Brazilians|Japanese community]]. Hanamatsuri has grown in popularity and also attracts interest from the wider non-Japanese Brazilian population. As a result, Hanamatsuri has become a [[consumerism|consumerist culture phenomenon]] in the country and is sometimes locally known as ''Festa das Flores''.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCqTDAAAQBAJ | title=The Global Repositioning of Japanese Religions: An integrated approach| isbn=9781317030126| last1=Dessi| first1=Ugo| date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref name="Source">{{cite web |url=http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2007/10/11/brazil-nihonjinmachi/ |title=Chapter 8: The Formation and Development of Bairro Oriental (3) - The Emergence of a New "Tradition"
|last1=Negawa |first1= Sachio |date=11 October 2007 |publisher=Discover Nikkei |access-date=17 February 2018 }}</ref> Hanamatsuri is celebrated in the [[São Paulo]] neighbourhood of [[Liberdade (district of São Paulo)|Liberdade]] which is home to the largest Japanese community outside of Japan.<ref name="Source2">{{cite web |url=http://www.culturajaponesa.com.br/index.php/festivais/hanamatsuri/ |title=Hanamatsuri|publisher=CulturaJaponesa.com.br |access-date=17 February 2018 }}</ref> Hanamatsuri celebrations in Liberdade began in 1966 and includes a parade on Galvão Bueno street. Celebrations are also held at the suburb's major shopping centre, Liberdade Plaza.<ref name="Source"/><ref name="Source2"/>
====Canada====
In [[Toronto]], three Buddhist temples representing the three main branches of Buddhism organize an annual event known as ''Vesak: Buddha's Birthday''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vesakcelebration.com/|title=vesak celebration|website=vesak2014}}</ref> It is held at [[Mississauga|Mississauga Celebration Square]], and features a number of Buddhist-themed events and activities, as well as cultural acts from Asia, including China, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sumeru-books.com/tag/mississauga/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308150620/http://www.sumeru-books.com/tag/mississauga/ |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mississauga.com/news-story/4518929-buddhists-to-mark-buddha-s-birthday-at-celebration-square/|title=Buddhists to mark Buddha's birthday at Celebration Square|first=Nouman|last=Khalil|date=14 May 2014|website=Mississauga.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culture.mississauga.ca/event/celebration-square/vesak-buddha%E2%80%99s-birthday-celebration|title=Vesak, Buddha's Birthday Celebration|date=11 April 2016|website=Mississauga Culture}}</ref>
====United States====
The celebration of Buddha's Birthday in the United States differs from community to community, depending on ethnicity and nationality.
The Japanese celebration on 8 April has been significant in the [[Bay Area]] of California for some decades. In 1968 the first [[circumambulation]] of Mt. Tamalpais to celebrate Buddha's Birthday was conducted. Starting in 1969 at Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, ''Hana-Matsuri'' was celebrated each spring. Dressed in formal black robes, the roughly 70 monks and students form a formal procession to the Horse Pasture with the leader periodically ringing a small, clear bell. A temporary stone altar was built under a huge oak tree in a gorgeous field of green grass and abundant wildflowers; a small statue of a baby Buddha was placed upon it in a metal basin. Then each person, in turn, approaches the altar, and ladle one thin-lipped bamboo dipperful of sweet green tea over the statue, bow, and walk to one side.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japanese-city.com/calendar/events/index.php?eID=32066|title=2014 Hanamatsuri Bazaar - Japanese and Buddhist Cultural Festival (2 Days) | Japanese-City.com|website=www.japanese-city.com}}</ref>
In [[New York City|New York]], the ''International Lotus Lantern Parade'' has been a notable and successful annual event held at [[Union Square Park]]. The event celebrates the Buddha's birthday and ''Yeon Deung Hoe'' (연등회,燃燈會), a Korean lantern celebration that is held during Vesak. The festival features a number of Buddhist themed events and is started off by numerous Buddhist centres of Japanese, Korean and Sri Lankan origins for example.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interfaithcenter.org/archives/5318|title=The 25th International Lotus Lantern Parade for the Celebration of Buddha's Birthday! | ICNY|website=interfaithcenter.org}}</ref>
Since 1963, the state of Hawaii has recognized April 8 of each year as "Buddha Day", which celebrates the birth of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism.
== See also ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* [[Bun Festival]] - a festival held on the same day in Hong Kong.
* [[Hanami]]
* [[Holidays in Taiwan]]
* [[Holidays in Vietnam]]
* [[Holidays of Japan]]
* [[List of Buddhist festivals]]
* [[List of festivals in Asia]]
* [[Public holidays in Bangladesh]]
* [[Public holidays in Bhutan]]
* [[Public holidays in India]]
* [[Public holidays in Macau]]
* [[Public holidays in Nepal]]
* [[Public holidays in North Korea]]
* [[Public holidays in South Korea]]
* [[Public holidays in Sri Lanka]]
{{refend}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|40em}}
== Further reading ==
* The Folkloric Study of Chopail (Buddha's Birthday), written by Prof. M.Y.Pyeon. Produced by Minsokwon in Seoul Korea 2002.
== External links ==
{{commons category|Buddha's Birthday}}
* [https://www.ashesh.com.np/buddha-jayanti-birthday/ Buddha Jayanti] About Buddha Jayanti
* [http://www.himalisherpa.com/buddha-jayanti.php Buddha's Birthday बुद्ध जयन्ती] Buddha's Birthday बुद्ध जयन्ती
{{Gautama Buddha}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Festivals in South Korea}}
{{Hong Kong Holidays}}
{{Nepal Holidays}}
[[Category:Buddhist holidays]]
[[Category:Buddhist festivals]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Nepal]]
[[Category:Public holidays in South Korea]]
[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:May observances]]
[[Category:Birthdays]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in Nepal]]
[[Category:Festivals in Korea]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in South Korea]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Chinese calendar]]
[[Category:Observances on non-Gregorian calendars]]<!--Please don't remove this category even though its redundant, this holiday needs to be sorted into all calendar categories-->
[[Category:Religious festivals in Asia]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Burmese calendar]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Korea]]
[[Category:Han Buddhist holidays]]
[[Category:Observances held on the full moon]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,52 +1,2 @@
-{{short description|Birthday of the Prince Siddhartha Gautama}}
-{{Merge from|Vesak|date=May 2020}}
-{{More citations needed|date=April 2011}}
-{{EngvarB|date=November 2015}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
-{{Infobox holiday
-|holiday_name = Buddha's Birthday
-|type = buddhist
-|image = KOCIS Korea YeonDeungHoe 20130511 05 (8733836165).jpg
-|imagesize = 250px
-|caption = Buddha's Birthday celebration in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]
-|official_name = Fódàn (佛誕)<br/>Phật Đản<br/>Chopa-il (초파일, 初八日)[[:ko:부처님 오신 날|부처님 오신 날]]<br/>বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা <br/>बुद्ध जयन्ती <br/> ବୁଦ୍ଧ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣିମା <br/>Vesākha
-|nickname = Buddha's Birthday <br/> Buddha Purnima <br/> Buddha Jayanti
-|observedby = [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] in [[East Asia]] and Buddhists and some [[Hindu]]s in [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] (as ''[[Vesak]]'')
-|litcolor =
-|longtype = Buddhist, cultural
-|significance = Celebrates the birthday of Gautama Buddha
-|date = varies by region:
-*April 8 or May 8 (Japan)
-*Second Sunday in May (Taiwan)
-*8th day of 4th lunar month (mainland China and East Asia)
-*first full moon of [[Vaisakha]] (South Asia and Southeast Asia)
-|date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{Moveable date |holiday=Buddha's Birthday |year={{LASTYEAR}} |format=infobox }} (China and East Asia)
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-|celebrations =
-|duration = 1 day
-|frequency = annual
-|observances =
-|relatedto = [[Vesak]]
-}}
-{{Infobox Chinese
-| t = {{linktext|佛|誕}}
-| s = {{linktext|佛|诞}}
-| p = {{linktext|fó| dàn}}
-| j = fat1 daan3
-| poj = Hu̍t-á-seⁿ or Hu̍t-á-siⁿ
-| qn = Phật Đản
-| hangul = 부처님 오신 날
-| rr = Buchonim osin nal
-| kanji = 灌仏会
-| revhep = Kanbutsu-e
-}}
-
-'''Buddha's Birthday''' is a Buddhist festival that is celebrated in most of [[East Asia]] commemorating the birth of the [[Gautama Buddha|Prince Siddhartha Gautama]], later the Gautama Buddha, who was the founder of [[Buddhism]]. According to Buddhist tradition and modern academic consensus, Gautama Buddha was born c. 563–483 BCE in [[Lumbini]] (what is now Nepal) and raised in the Shakya capital of [[Kapilavastu (ancient city)|Kapilavastu]].<ref>UNESCO, [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666 Lumbini in Nepal is the birthplace of the Lord Buddha], Gethin ''Foundations'', p. 19, which states that in the mid-3rd century BCE the Emperor [[Ashoka]] determined that Lumbini was Gautama's birthplace and thus installed a pillar there with the inscription: "... this is where the Buddha, sage of the Śākyas (''Śākyamuni''), was born."</ref><ref>For instance, Gethin ''Foundations'', p. 14, states: "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the future Buddha was born Siddhārtha Gautama (Pali Siddhattha Gotama), the son of a local chieftain—a ''rājan''—in Kapilavastu (Pali Kapilavatthu) what is now the Indian–Nepalese border." However, Professor Gombrich (''Theravāda Buddhism'', p. 1) and the old but specialized study by Edward Thomas, ''The Life of the Buddha'', ascribe the name Siattha/fitta to later sources.</ref>
-
-The exact date of Buddha's birthday is based on the Asian [[lunisolar calendar]]s. The date for the celebration of Buddha's birthday varies from year to year in the Western [[Gregorian calendar]], but usually falls in April or May. In leap years it may be celebrated in June.
-
-In [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], the Buddha's birth is celebrated as part of ''[[Vesak]]'', a festival that also celebrates the Buddha's enlightenment and death. In East Asia, the awakening and death of the Buddha are observed as separate holidays.
-
== Date ==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Buddha discourse under tree.jpg|thumb|225px|left| Enlightened Buddha with disciples - Traditional Image]] -->
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42 => '}}',
43 => '',
44 => ''''Buddha's Birthday''' is a Buddhist festival that is celebrated in most of [[East Asia]] commemorating the birth of the [[Gautama Buddha|Prince Siddhartha Gautama]], later the Gautama Buddha, who was the founder of [[Buddhism]]. According to Buddhist tradition and modern academic consensus, Gautama Buddha was born c. 563–483 BCE in [[Lumbini]] (what is now Nepal) and raised in the Shakya capital of [[Kapilavastu (ancient city)|Kapilavastu]].<ref>UNESCO, [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666 Lumbini in Nepal is the birthplace of the Lord Buddha], Gethin ''Foundations'', p. 19, which states that in the mid-3rd century BCE the Emperor [[Ashoka]] determined that Lumbini was Gautama's birthplace and thus installed a pillar there with the inscription: "... this is where the Buddha, sage of the Śākyas (''Śākyamuni''), was born."</ref><ref>For instance, Gethin ''Foundations'', p. 14, states: "The earliest Buddhist sources state that the future Buddha was born Siddhārtha Gautama (Pali Siddhattha Gotama), the son of a local chieftain—a ''rājan''—in Kapilavastu (Pali Kapilavatthu) what is now the Indian–Nepalese border." However, Professor Gombrich (''Theravāda Buddhism'', p. 1) and the old but specialized study by Edward Thomas, ''The Life of the Buddha'', ascribe the name Siattha/fitta to later sources.</ref>',
45 => '',
46 => 'The exact date of Buddha's birthday is based on the Asian [[lunisolar calendar]]s. The date for the celebration of Buddha's birthday varies from year to year in the Western [[Gregorian calendar]], but usually falls in April or May. In leap years it may be celebrated in June.',
47 => '',
48 => 'In [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], the Buddha's birth is celebrated as part of ''[[Vesak]]'', a festival that also celebrates the Buddha's enlightenment and death. In East Asia, the awakening and death of the Buddha are observed as separate holidays.',
49 => ''
] |
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16 => 'http://interfaithcenter.org/archives/5318',
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21 => 'http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2012/05/14/341025/Thousands-of.htm',
22 => 'http://www.culturajaponesa.com.br/index.php/festivais/hanamatsuri/',
23 => 'http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2007/10/11/brazil-nihonjinmachi/',
24 => 'http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=317',
25 => 'http://www.himalisherpa.com/buddha-jayanti.php',
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27 => 'http://www.sumeru-books.com/tag/mississauga/',
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31 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=PcvA373XEJwC',
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33 => 'https://buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/',
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35 => 'https://gogo.mn/r/xkvvv',
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50 => 'https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666',
51 => 'https://www.ashesh.com.np/buddha-jayanti-birthday/',
52 => 'https://www.buddha-statues.info/blog/buddha-purnima-the-most-important-and-sacred-day-for-the-followers-of-buddhism/',
53 => 'https://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=25,1239,0,0,1,0',
54 => 'https://www.christmas.net.au/about/culture.html',
55 => 'https://www.christmas.net.au/visitor-guide/files/inc/Christmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf',
56 => 'https://www.eternal-landscapes.co.uk/buddhas-birthday-celebrations-ulaanbaatar/',
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58 => 'https://www.huffpost.com/entry/vesak-how-buddhas-birthda_n_1478896',
59 => 'https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/indonesia-vesak-day-buddhas-birthday-borobudur-worlds-biggest-buddhist-temple-photos-1504198',
60 => 'https://www.japanese-city.com/calendar/events/index.php?eID=32066',
61 => 'https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Buddha's+Birthday%22&acc=on&wc=on',
62 => 'https://www.justlanded.com/english/Indonesia/Indonesia-Guide/Culture/Vesak-festival-in-Indonesia',
63 => 'https://www.meetup.com/pl-PL/buddhism-613/events/59639372/',
64 => 'https://www.mississauga.com/news-story/4518929-buddhists-to-mark-buddha-s-birthday-at-celebration-square/',
65 => 'https://www.nantien.org.au/en/events/buddhas-birthday-festival',
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67 => 'https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/india/2020',
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Date"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Date</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#South_and_Southeast_Asia_and_Mongolia"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">South and Southeast Asia and Mongolia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#East_Asia"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">East Asia</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Taiwan"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Taiwan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Japan"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Japan</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Celebrations_in_each_country"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Celebrations in each country</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Asia"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Asia</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Bangladesh"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bangladesh</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Cambodia"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cambodia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Indonesia"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Indonesia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Japan_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Japan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Malaysia"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Malaysia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Mongolia"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Mongolia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Myanmar"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Myanmar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Nepal"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.10</span> <span class="toctext">Nepal</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#North_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.11</span> <span class="toctext">North Korea</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Singapore"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.12</span> <span class="toctext">Singapore</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#South_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.13</span> <span class="toctext">South Korea</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Sri_Lanka"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.14</span> <span class="toctext">Sri Lanka</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Taiwan_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.15</span> <span class="toctext">Taiwan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Thailand"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.16</span> <span class="toctext">Thailand</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Vietnam"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.17</span> <span class="toctext">Vietnam</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Festivities_outside_Asia"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Festivities outside Asia</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Australia"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Australia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Brazil"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Brazil</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Date">Date</span></h2>
<p>The exact date of Buddha's Birthday is based on the Asian <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar calendars</a> and is primarily celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Baisakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baisakh">Baisakh</a> month of the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Sambat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikram Sambat">Bikram Sambat</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a>. This is the reason behind the term <a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a>. In modern-day India and Nepal, where the Historical <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> lived, it is celebrated on the full moon day of the <a href="/wiki/Vaisakha" title="Vaisakha">Vaisakha</a> month of the Buddhist calendar. In Theravada countries following the Buddhist calendar, it falls on the full moon, Uposatha day, typically in the 5th or 6th lunar month. In China and Korea, it is celebrated on the eighth day of the fourth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. The date varies from year to year in the Western Gregorian calendar, but usually falls in April or May. In leap years it may be celebrated in June. In Tibet, it falls on the 7th day of the fourth month of the Tibetan calendar.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="South_and_Southeast_Asia_and_Mongolia">South and Southeast Asia and Mongolia</span></h3>
<p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> countries as well as <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, Buddha's birthday is celebrated on the full moon day of the <a href="/wiki/Vaisakha" title="Vaisakha">Vaisakha</a> month of the Buddhist calendar and the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a>, which usually falls in April or May of the Western Gregorian calendar. The festival is known as Buddha Purnima, as Purnima means full moon day in Sanskrit. It is also called Buddha Jayanti, with Jayanti meaning birthday in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha%27s_statue_near_Belum_Caves_Andhra_Pradesh_India.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Buddha%27s_statue_near_Belum_Caves_Andhra_Pradesh_India.jpg/220px-Buddha%27s_statue_near_Belum_Caves_Andhra_Pradesh_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2273" data-file-height="3282" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha%27s_statue_near_Belum_Caves_Andhra_Pradesh_India.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Buddha's statue located near Belum Caves, Andhra Pradesh, India</div></div></div>
<p>The corresponding Western <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> dates varies from year to year:
</p>
<ul><li>2017: May 10</li>
<li>2018: April 29 (Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Bangladesh), April 30 (Nepal and India), May 29 (Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></li>
<li>2019: May 19</li>
<li>2020: May 7<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="East_Asia">East Asia</span></h3>
<p>In many <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> countries Buddha's Birth is celebrated on the 8th day of the 4th month in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese lunar calendar</a> (in Japan since 1873 on April 8 of the Gregorian calendar), and the day is an official holiday in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. The date falls from the end of April to the end of May according to the Gregorian calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>The primarily solar Gregorian calendar date varies from year to year:
</p>
<ul><li>2017: May 3</li>
<li>2018: May 22</li>
<li>2019: May 12</li>
<li>2020: April 30</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Taiwan">Taiwan</span></h4>
<p>In 1999 the Taiwanese government set Buddha's birthday as the second Sunday of May, the same date as <a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day" title="Mother's Day">Mother's Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Japan">Japan</span></h4>
<p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a>, Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar in lieu of the Chinese lunar calendar in 1873. However, it took approximately until 1945, the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, for religious festivities to adopt the new calendar. In most Japanese temples, Buddha's birth is now celebrated on the Gregorian and buddhist calendar date April 8; only a few (mainly in Okinawa) celebrate it on the orthodox Chinese calendar date of the eighth day of the fourth lunar month.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Celebrations_in_each_country">Celebrations in each country</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section focuses on Buddha's Birthday/Vesak celebrations across <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and beyond as opposed to East Asia only.</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Asia">Asia</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg/150px-Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Lotus Lantern Festival celebrating Buddha's Birthday, in South Korea</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesak_Festive_Adornments,_Jaffna.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vesak_Festive_Adornments%2C_Jaffna.jpg/220px-Vesak_Festive_Adornments%2C_Jaffna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesak_Festive_Adornments,_Jaffna.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Floating lanterns on a lake for Buddha's Birthday in Jaffna, Sri Lanka</div></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</span></h4>
<p>In Bangladesh, the event is called Buddho Purnima(বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা). On the days preceding Purnima, Buddhist monks and priests decorate Buddhist temples with colourful decorations and candles. On the day of the festival, the President and Prime Minister deliver speeches addressing the history and importance of Buddhism, and of religious harmony in the country. From noon onwards large fairs are held in and around the temples and <a href="/wiki/Viharas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viharas">viharas</a>, selling Bengali food (largely vegetarian), clothes, and toys. Performances of Buddha's life are also presented. Buddhist monks teach celebrants about the Dharma and the <a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five Precepts</a> (panchashila). Buddhists then attend a congression inside the monastery where the chief monk delivers a speech discussing the Buddha and the <a href="/wiki/Triratna" title="Triratna">Three Jewels</a> (tri-ratna), and about living the ideal life. Afterwards, a prayer to the Buddha is offered, and people then light candles and recite the Three Jewels and Five Precepts.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cambodia">Cambodia</span></h4>
<p>In Cambodia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as <i>Visak Bochea</i> and is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cambodia" title="Public holidays in Cambodia">public holiday</a> where monks around the country carry the Buddhist flag, lotus flowers, incense, and candles to acknowledge Vesak. People also take part in alms-giving to the monks.<sup id="cite_ref-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span></h4>
<p>In China, celebrations may occur in Buddhist temples where people may light <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a> and bring food offerings for the monks.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, Buddha's birthday is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Public holidays in Hong Kong">public holiday</a>. Lanterns are lit to symbolise the Buddha's enlightenment and many people visit the temple to pay their respects. The bathing of statues of the Buddha is a major feature of Buddha's birthday celebrations in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> The festival is also a public holiday in <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="India">India</span></h4>
<p>The public holiday for Buddha purnima in India was initiated by <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> when he was the minister of law and justice.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> It is celebrated especially in <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, various parts of North Bengal such as <a href="/wiki/Kalimpong" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kurseong" title="Kurseong">Kurseong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> (where 77% of total Indian <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhists</a> live), as well as other parts of India as per Indian calendar. Buddhists go to common <a href="/wiki/Viharas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viharas">Viharas</a> to observe a rather longer-than-usual, full-length Buddhist sutra, akin to a service. The dress code is pure white. <a href="/wiki/Semi-vegetarianism" title="Semi-vegetarianism">Non-vegetarian</a> food is normally avoided. <a href="/wiki/Kheer" title="Kheer">Kheer</a>, sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who, in Gautama Buddha's life, offered the Buddha a bowl of milk <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>. Informally called "Buddha's Birthday," it actually commemorates the birth, enlightenment (nirvāna), and death (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha in the Theravada tradition. Tibetans in exile remember Buddha's birthday on the 7th day of the Saga Dawa month (fourth month of the Tibetan calendar), which culminates with Buddha's <i>parinirvana</i> celebrations on the full moon day.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Indonesia">Indonesia</span></h4>
<p>In Indonesia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as <i><a href="/wiki/Vesak#Waisak_In_Indonesia" title="Vesak">Waisak</a></i> and is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia" title="Public holidays in Indonesia">public holiday</a>. A large procession beginning in <a href="/wiki/Mendut" title="Mendut">Mendut</a> in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, and ends at <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> – the largest Buddhist temple in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Japan_2">Japan</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_birthday_of_Buddha,hanamatsuri,kanpukuji-temple,katori-city,japan.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/A_birthday_of_Buddha%2Chanamatsuri%2Ckanpukuji-temple%2Ckatori-city%2Cjapan.JPG/150px-A_birthday_of_Buddha%2Chanamatsuri%2Ckanpukuji-temple%2Ckatori-city%2Cjapan.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:A_birthday_of_Buddha,hanamatsuri,kanpukuji-temple,katori-city,japan.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Hanamatsuri in Japan</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaka_at_birth_basin.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Shaka_at_birth_basin.JPG/150px-Shaka_at_birth_basin.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="124" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaka_at_birth_basin.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Shaka_at_Birth_(T%C5%8Ddai-ji)" title="Shaka at Birth (Tōdai-ji)">Shaka at Birth at Tōdaiji</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Treasures_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Treasures of Japan">National Treasure of Japan</a>)</div></div></div>
<p>In Japan, Buddha's Birthday is known as <i>Kanbutsu-e</i> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">灌仏会</span>) or <i>Hana<a href="/wiki/Matsuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsuri">matsuri</a></i> (Flower Festival) (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">花祭り</span>) and is held on April 8. Buddha's birth is also celebrated according to the Buddhist calendar but is not a national holiday. On this day, all temples hold 降誕会 (<i>Gōtan-e</i>), 仏生会 (<i>Busshō-e</i>), 浴仏会 (<i>Yokubutsu-e</i>), 龍華会 (<i>Ryūge-e</i>) and 花会式 (<i>Hana-eshiki</i>). Japanese people pour <i><a href="/wiki/Ama-cha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama-cha">ama-cha</a></i> (a beverage prepared from <a href="/wiki/Hydrangea_serrata" title="Hydrangea serrata">hydrangea serrata</a>, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Hydrangea" title="Hydrangea">hydrangea</a>) on small Buddha statues decorated with flowers, as if bathing a newborn baby. The tradition of bathing the Buddha originated in China and was introduced to Japan where it was first held in <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara, Nara">Nara</a> in 606.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lion_dance" title="Lion dance">Lion dancing</a> is also a major tradition practiced during Buddha's Birthday and has become associated with the festival in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Malaysia">Malaysia</span></h4>
<p>In Malaysia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as <i>Wesak Day</i> and is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">public holiday</a> celebrated by the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">sizeable minority Buddhist population</a> in the country. Temples across the country are decorated, and caged animals are set free. People engage in prayers, chanting, and alms-giving across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Mongolia">Mongolia</span></h4>
<p>In Mongolia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as <i>Ikh Duichen</i> and its date is determined by the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian lunar calendar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> As a result, the date falls in line with celebrations of Buddha's Birthday/Vesak in South and Southeast Asian countries as opposed to neighbouring East Asian countries.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> In December 2019, the popularly celebrated festival by many Mongolian Buddhists, is made a public holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Myanmar">Myanmar</span></h4>
<p>In Myanmar, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as <i>Full Moon of Kason</i> and is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Myanmar" title="Public holidays in Myanmar">public holiday</a>. It is celebrated by watering the <a href="/wiki/Bodhi_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi tree">Bodhi tree</a> and chanting. In large pagodas, music and dance is also performed as part of the celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Nepal">Nepal</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahidyah_swanya_punhi.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bahidyah_swanya_punhi.jpg/150px-Bahidyah_swanya_punhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1050" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahidyah_swanya_punhi.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Buddha statues at Swayambhu in Nepal</div></div></div>
<p>In Nepal, Buddha's birthday is celebrated on the full moon day of May. The festival is known by various names, Buddha Jayanti, Buddha Purnima, Vaishakh Purnima, Saga Dawa, and Vesak. <a href="/wiki/Purnima_(day)" class="mw-redirect" title="Purnima (day)">Purnima</a> means full moon day in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. Among the <a href="/wiki/Newar" class="mw-redirect" title="Newar">Newars</a> of Nepal, especially from the Shakya clan of Newars, it is of great importance because they consider it as a continuation of the sage of the Śākyas- the clan that Lord Buddha's family belonged to. Thus, they celebrate the festival which is in their language known as Swānyā Punhi (स्वांया पुन्हि), the full moon day of flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> The day marks not just the birth of Shakyamuni Gautama Buddha, but also the day of his <a href="/wiki/Bodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi">Enlightenment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahaparinirvana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahaparinirvana">Mahaparinirvana</a>.
</p><p>The event is celebrated by gentle and serene fervour, keeping in mind the very nature of Buddhism. People, especially women, go to common <a href="/wiki/Viharas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viharas">Viharas</a> to observe a rather longer-than-usual, full-length Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutra</a>, something like a service. The usual dress is pure white. Non-vegetarian food is normally avoided. <a href="/wiki/Kheer" title="Kheer">Kheer</a>, sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who offered the Buddha a bowl of milk <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>.
</p><p>Buddha Purnima is the biggest day for Buddhists because on this day, it is believed three important events of the Buddha's life took place: his birth, his attaining enlightenment, and his death, Paranirvana. This day is known as <b>Thrice Blessed Festival.</b><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="North_Korea">North Korea</span></h4>
<p>Buddha's Birthday is occasionally designated as a public holiday in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and is known as <i>Chopail</i> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span lang="ko">초파일</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Source23_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Source23-23">[23]</a></sup> Designation of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_traditional_festivals" title="List of Korean traditional festivals">traditional Korean holidays</a> as public holidays in North Korea are determined by the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_North_Korea" title="Cabinet of North Korea">Cabinet</a> a few days before the traditional holiday begins.<sup id="cite_ref-Source23_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Source23-23">[23]</a></sup> Buddha's Birthday is a traditional festival in Korean culture, and was celebrated in Korea long before the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">division of the country.</a> As a result, the festival is still celebrated in North Korea by the country's Buddhist population.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Singapore">Singapore</span></h4>
<p>In Singapore, Buddha's birthday is celebrated as <i>Vesak</i> or <i>Vesak Day</i> and is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Singapore" title="Public holidays in Singapore">public holiday</a> in the country. Buddhist temples hold celebrations and are decorated with <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Buddhist flags</a> and flowers. Devotees also bring offerings to the temples.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea">South Korea</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha_Parade_in_Daegu.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Buddha_Parade_in_Daegu.jpg/150px-Buddha_Parade_in_Daegu.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha_Parade_in_Daegu.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Buddha lantern parade in Daegu, Korea</div></div></div>
<p>In South Korea, the birthday of Buddha is celebrated according to the <a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean lunar calendar</a> and is a public holiday. This day is called Seokga tansinil(<span lang="ko" title="Korean-language text">석가탄신일</span>, 釋迦誕辰日 in <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>), meaning "Buddha's birthday" or <span lang="ko" title="Korean-language text">부처님 오신 날</span> (Bucheonim osin nal) meaning "the day when the Buddha came." Lotus lanterns hang in temples throughout the month and lanterns are hung in homes and in the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-SKorea_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKorea-26">[26]</a></sup> On the day of Buddha's birth, many temples provide free meals and tea to all visitors. Breakfast and lunch are also provided, which often includes sanchae <a href="/wiki/Bibimbap" title="Bibimbap">bibimbap</a>. Buddha's Birthday is a popular holiday and folk celebration in Korea, and is often celebrated by people of all religious faiths.<sup id="cite_ref-SKorea_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKorea-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Piliyandala_Vesak_Pandol,_May_2015.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Piliyandala_Vesak_Pandol%2C_May_2015.jpg/220px-Piliyandala_Vesak_Pandol%2C_May_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="1921" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Piliyandala_Vesak_Pandol,_May_2015.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Vesak Thorana in Piliyandala, Sri Lanka</div></div></div>
<p>In Sri Lanka, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as <i><a href="/wiki/Vesak#Vesak_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></i> and is a <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sri_Lanka#List_of_holidays" title="Culture of Sri Lanka">public holiday</a> celebrated on the first full moon day of the month of May. Its date is determined by the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist lunar calendar</a>. People engage in religious observances and decorate houses and streets with candles and paper lanterns as well as bamboo-framed lanterns. <i>Dansalas</i> is practised and refers to the free offering of food and drink to people. Devotional songs known as <i>Bakthi Gee</i> are sung, and decorative gateways called<i><a href="/wiki/Torana#Meaning_and_uses_of_torana" title="Torana">pandols</a></i> are erected throughout the country. Temples around the country also hold celebrations, and devotees bring offerings and burn incense.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> Electric light displays that depict stories from the Buddha's life are also a notable part of Vesak celebrations in the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Taiwan_2">Taiwan</span></h4>
<p>In Taiwan, Buddha's birthday is a national holiday. Devotees pour fragrant water over Buddha statues to symbolise the beginning of a fresh start in life.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Thailand">Thailand</span></h4>
<p>In Thailand, Buddha's birthday is celebrated as <i>Visakha Puja</i> and is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Thailand" title="Public holidays in Thailand">public holiday</a>. People gather at temples to hear sermons, give donations and chant prayers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Vietnam">Vietnam</span></h4>
<p>Buddha's birthday is celebrated throughout Vietnam. Many Buddhist temples hold celebrations that attract people from around the country, while pagodas around the country are decorated.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> From 1958 to 1975, <i><a href="/wiki/Vesak#In_Vietnam" title="Vesak">Lễ Phật Đản</a></i>, the birthday of Buddha (on the 8th day of the 4th month in the Lunar calendar) was recognized as a national public holiday in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> enjoyed with floats and lantern parades on the streets. Currently Buddha's Birthday is still a popular celebrated festival in Vietnam, but not a public holiday.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Festivities_outside_Asia">Festivities outside Asia</span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Australia">Australia</span></h4>
<p>In <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Buddha's birthday is celebrated at the Nan Tien Temple in Wollongong, while another celebration also organised by Nan Tien Temple is held at <a href="/wiki/Darling_Harbour" title="Darling Harbour">Darling Harbour</a>, which features Buddha's birthday ceremony. A variety of vegetarian food is served, and culture stalls and multicultural performances are held, celebrating cultures from China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> Other temples in the Fo Guang Shan Nan Tien Temple group in Australia also hld celebrations on the eighth day of the fourth month of the China lunar calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-bbep_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbep-34">[34]</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, the <i>Buddha's Birthday Festival</i> is held annually and features a variety of pan-Asian food, and performances from various cultures are held.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> It is a weekend-long festival which draws over 200 000 visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-bbdf_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbdf-36">[36]</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, the weekend-long festival called <i>Buddha's Day and Multicultural Festival</i> is held at Federation Square around April/May.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, a two-day celebration also known as <i>Buddha's Day and Multicultural Festival</i> is held at <a href="/wiki/Langley_Park_(Western_Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Langley Park (Western Australia)">Langley Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> Local Buddhist temples and smaller towns around the country such as <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> also hold celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup>
</p><p>On the Australian <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">external territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a>, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as "Vesak Day" and is celebrated alongside many other celebrations common in Australia and Malaysia as well as local celebrations of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Brazil">Brazil</span></h4>
<p>Vesak (Hanamatsuri) is widely known and celebrated in Brazil due to the country's large <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Brazilians" title="Japanese Brazilians">Japanese community</a>. Hanamatsuri has grown in popularity and also attracts interest from the wider non-Japanese Brazilian population. As a result, Hanamatsuri has become a <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerist culture phenomenon</a> in the country and is sometimes locally known as <i>Festa das Flores</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Source_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Source-43">[43]</a></sup> Hanamatsuri is celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Liberdade_(district_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo)" title="Liberdade (district of São Paulo)">Liberdade</a> which is home to the largest Japanese community outside of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Source2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Source2-44">[44]</a></sup> Hanamatsuri celebrations in Liberdade began in 1966 and includes a parade on Galvão Bueno street. Celebrations are also held at the suburb's major shopping centre, Liberdade Plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-Source_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Source-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Source2_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Source2-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Canada">Canada</span></h4>
<p>In <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, three Buddhist temples representing the three main branches of Buddhism organize an annual event known as <i>Vesak: Buddha's Birthday</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> It is held at <a href="/wiki/Mississauga" title="Mississauga">Mississauga Celebration Square</a>, and features a number of Buddhist-themed events and activities, as well as cultural acts from Asia, including China, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span></h4>
<p>The celebration of Buddha's Birthday in the United States differs from community to community, depending on ethnicity and nationality.
</p><p>The Japanese celebration on 8 April has been significant in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Area">Bay Area</a> of California for some decades. In 1968 the first <a href="/wiki/Circumambulation" title="Circumambulation">circumambulation</a> of Mt. Tamalpais to celebrate Buddha's Birthday was conducted. Starting in 1969 at Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, <i>Hana-Matsuri</i> was celebrated each spring. Dressed in formal black robes, the roughly 70 monks and students form a formal procession to the Horse Pasture with the leader periodically ringing a small, clear bell. A temporary stone altar was built under a huge oak tree in a gorgeous field of green grass and abundant wildflowers; a small statue of a baby Buddha was placed upon it in a metal basin. Then each person, in turn, approaches the altar, and ladle one thin-lipped bamboo dipperful of sweet green tea over the statue, bow, and walk to one side.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>In <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, the <i>International Lotus Lantern Parade</i> has been a notable and successful annual event held at <a href="/wiki/Union_Square_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Square Park">Union Square Park</a>. The event celebrates the Buddha's birthday and <i>Yeon Deung Hoe</i> (연등회,燃燈會), a Korean lantern celebration that is held during Vesak. The festival features a number of Buddhist themed events and is started off by numerous Buddhist centres of Japanese, Korean and Sri Lankan origins for example.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since 1963, the state of Hawaii has recognized April 8 of each year as "Buddha Day", which celebrates the birth of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1003310798">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{padding-left:1em;text-indent:-1em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns dl,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ol,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bun_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Bun Festival">Bun Festival</a> - a festival held on the same day in Hong Kong.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hanami" title="Hanami">Hanami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holidays_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Holidays in Taiwan">Holidays in Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holidays_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Holidays in Vietnam">Holidays in Vietnam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holidays_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Holidays of Japan">Holidays of Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_festivals" title="List of Buddhist festivals">List of Buddhist festivals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Asia" title="List of festivals in Asia">List of festivals in Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bangladesh" title="Public holidays in Bangladesh">Public holidays in Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bhutan" title="Public holidays in Bhutan">Public holidays in Bhutan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India" title="Public holidays in India">Public holidays in India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Macau" title="Public holidays in Macau">Public holidays in Macau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nepal" title="Public holidays in Nepal">Public holidays in Nepal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_North_Korea" title="Public holidays in North Korea">Public holidays in North Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_South_Korea" title="Public holidays in South Korea">Public holidays in South Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holidays in Sri Lanka">Public holidays in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/buddha-purnima-2020-vesak-day/">"BUDDHA PURNIMA (Vesak Day) 2020: Family Life of Gautam Buddha"</a>. <i>SA News Channel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SA+News+Channel&rft.atitle=BUDDHA+PURNIMA+%28Vesak+Day%29+2020%3A+Family+Life+of+Gautam+Buddha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.jagatgururampalji.org%2Fbuddha-purnima-2020-vesak-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/923092/buddha-purnima-why-the-full-moon-day-in-may-is-so-auspicious-in-buddhism">"Why the full moon day in May is so auspicious in Buddhism"</a>. <i>Scroll</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scroll&rft.atitle=Why+the+full+moon+day+in+May+is+so+auspicious+in+Buddhism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F923092%2Fbuddha-purnima-why-the-full-moon-day-in-may-is-so-auspicious-in-buddhism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCamaron_Kao2012" class="citation cs2">Camaron Kao (14 May 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616030705/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2012/05/14/341025/Thousands-of.htm">"Thousands of believers mark Buddha's birthday"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/China_Post" title="China Post">China Post</a></i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2012/05/14/341025/Thousands-of.htm">the original</a> on 16 June 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Post&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+believers+mark+Buddha%27s+birthday&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft.au=Camaron+Kao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinapost.com.tw%2Ftaiwan%2Fnational%2Fnational-news%2F2012%2F05%2F14%2F341025%2FThousands-of.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKo_Shu-Ling2011" class="citation cs2">Ko Shu-Ling (May 9, 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/05/09/2003502765">"Sakyamuni Buddha birthday celebrated"</a>, <i>Taipei Times</i>, <q>The legislature approved a proposal in 1999 to designate the birthday of Sakyamuni Buddha — which falls on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar — a national holiday and to celebrate the special occasion concurrently with International Mother’s Day, which is celebrated on the second Sunday of May.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Sakyamuni+Buddha+birthday+celebrated&rft.date=2011-05-09&rft.au=Ko+Shu-Ling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2011%2F05%2F09%2F2003502765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/buddhist-countries-and-the-different-names-of-buddha-purnima-5154009/">"Buddhist countries and different names of Buddha Purnima"</a>. <i>Indian express</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+express&rft.atitle=Buddhist+countries+and+different+names+of+Buddha+Purnima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Flifestyle%2Fart-and-culture%2Fbuddhist-countries-and-the-different-names-of-buddha-purnima-5154009%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-KK-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KK_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা", সিলেবাসে নেই, দৈনিক কালের কণ্ঠ; ১১ মে ২০১১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ। পৃ. ৪। পরিদর্শনের তারিখ: ১৭ মে ২০১১ খ্রিস্টাব্দ।</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntvbd.com/religion-and-life/129443/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE">"আজ শুভ বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা"</a>. <i>NTV Online</i>. 10 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NTV+Online&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C+%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntvbd.com%2Freligion-and-life%2F129443%2F%25E0%25A6%2586%25E0%25A6%259C-%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25AD-%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A7-%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%2582%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vesak_in_Southeast_Asia_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311195453/http://thaholiday.com/the-buddhist-celebration-vesak-day-2016/">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thaholiday.com/the-buddhist-celebration-vesak-day-2016/">the original</a> on 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthaholiday.com%2Fthe-buddhist-celebration-vesak-day-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Buddhas-BDay-China.htm#step-heading">http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Buddhas-BDay-China.htm#step-heading</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann" class="citation web cs1">Hoffmann, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/buddha-birthday.html">"Buddha Birthday Celebrations 2020"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Traveller</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Traveller&rft.atitle=Buddha+Birthday+Celebrations+2020&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hong-kong-traveller.com%2Fbuddha-birthday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicholidays.asia/macau/buddhas-birthday/">"Buddha's Birthday 2021, 2022 and 2023 in Macau"</a>. <i>PublicHolidays.asia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PublicHolidays.asia&rft.atitle=Buddha%27s+Birthday+2021%2C+2022+and+2023+in+Macau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicholidays.asia%2Fmacau%2Fbuddhas-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/india/2020">"Public Holidays in India in 2020"</a>. <i>Office Holidays</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+Holidays&rft.atitle=Public+Holidays+in+India+in+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officeholidays.com%2Fcountries%2Findia%2F2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.justlanded.com/english/Indonesia/Indonesia-Guide/Culture/Vesak-festival-in-Indonesia">https://www.justlanded.com/english/Indonesia/Indonesia-Guide/Culture/Vesak-festival-in-Indonesia</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/indonesia-vesak-day-buddhas-birthday-borobudur-worlds-biggest-buddhist-temple-photos-1504198">"Indonesia: Vesak Day or Buddha\'s Birthday at Borobudur, the world\'s biggest Buddhist temple [Photos]"</a>. <i>International Business Times UK</i>. 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times+UK&rft.atitle=Indonesia%3A+Vesak+Day+or+Buddha%5C%27s+Birthday+at+Borobudur%2C+the+world%5C%27s+biggest+Buddhist+temple+%5BPhotos%5D&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Findonesia-vesak-day-buddhas-birthday-borobudur-worlds-biggest-buddhist-temple-photos-1504198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meetup.com/pl-PL/buddhism-613/events/59639372/">"Hanamatsuri Service"</a>. <i>Meetup</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meetup&rft.atitle=Hanamatsuri+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meetup.com%2Fpl-PL%2Fbuddhism-613%2Fevents%2F59639372%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHulsboschBedfordChaiklin2009" class="citation book cs1">Hulsbosch, Marianne; Bedford, Elizabeth; Chaiklin, Martha (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PcvA373XEJwC"><i>Asian Material Culture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789089640901" title="Special:BookSources/9789089640901"><bdi>9789089640901</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Material+Culture&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789089640901&rft.aulast=Hulsbosch&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft.au=Bedford%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Chaiklin%2C+Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPcvA373XEJwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2016" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Jessica (20 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eternal-landscapes.co.uk/buddhas-birthday-celebrations-ulaanbaatar/">"Buddha's Birthday Celebrations - Ulaanbaatar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddha%27s+Birthday+Celebrations+-+Ulaanbaatar&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eternal-landscapes.co.uk%2Fbuddhas-birthday-celebrations-ulaanbaatar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=25,1239,0,0,1,0">"Vesak | Mongolia: Buddha?s 2,549th birthday celebrated"</a>. <i>www.buddhistchannel.tv</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.buddhistchannel.tv&rft.atitle=Vesak+%26%23124%3B+Mongolia%3A+Buddha%3Fs+2%2C549th+birthday+celebrated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhistchannel.tv%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D25%2C1239%2C0%2C0%2C1%2C0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gogo.mn/r/xkvvv">"Их дүйчин өдрийг бүх нийтийн амралтын өдөр болголоо"</a>. <i>GoGo.mn</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GoGo.mn&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%85+%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D3%A9%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3+%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgogo.mn%2Fr%2Fxkvvv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDunipace2003" class="citation news cs1">Dunipace, Sujal Jane (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111218155206/http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=317">"Nepal's Buddha Jayanti Celebration"</a>. <i>ECS Nepal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=317">the original</a> on 18 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ECS+Nepal&rft.atitle=Nepal%27s+Buddha+Jayanti+Celebration&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Dunipace&rft.aufirst=Sujal+Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecs.com.np%2Ffeature_detail.php%3Ff_id%3D317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buddha-statues.info/blog/buddha-purnima-the-most-important-and-sacred-day-for-the-followers-of-buddhism/">"Buddha Purnima"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddha+Purnima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddha-statues.info%2Fblog%2Fbuddha-purnima-the-most-important-and-sacred-day-for-the-followers-of-buddhism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Source23-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Source23_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Source23_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Understanding North Korea: Totalitarian dictatorship, Highly centralized economies, Grand Socialist Family</i>. 길잡이미디어. 2015. p. 385.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+North+Korea%3A+Totalitarian+dictatorship%2C+Highly+centralized+economies%2C+Grand+Socialist+Family&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=%EA%B8%B8%EC%9E%A1%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. 1</i>. 길잡이미디어. 2014. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8992128926" title="Special:BookSources/978-8992128926"><bdi>978-8992128926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Seasonal+Customs%3A+Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Folklore+and+Traditional+Culture+Vol.+1&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=%EA%B8%B8%EC%9E%A1%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8992128926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicholidays.sg/vesak-day/">"Vesak Day 2021, 2022 and 2023"</a>. <i>PublicHolidays.sg</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PublicHolidays.sg&rft.atitle=Vesak+Day+2021%2C+2022+and+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicholidays.sg%2Fvesak-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SKorea-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SKorea_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SKorea_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Encyclopedia of Korean Seasonal Customs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. 1</i>. 길잡이미디어. 2014. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8992128926" title="Special:BookSources/978-8992128926"><bdi>978-8992128926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Seasonal+Customs%3A+Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Folklore+and+Traditional+Culture+Vol.+1&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=%EA%B8%B8%EC%9E%A1%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8992128926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lakpura.com/vesak">"Vesak - 【Lakpura™】"</a>. <i>lakpura.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lakpura.com&rft.atitle=Vesak+-+%E3%80%90Lakpura%E2%84%A2%E3%80%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flakpura.com%2Fvesak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/vesak-how-buddhas-birthda_n_1478896">"PHOTOS: Celebrating The Buddha's Birthday Around The World"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. 5 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=PHOTOS%3A+Celebrating+The+Buddha%27s+Birthday+Around+The+World&rft.date=2012-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fvesak-how-buddhas-birthda_n_1478896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Visak-Puja-Thailand.htm">http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddhistholidays/ig/Images-of-Vesak/Visak-Puja-Thailand.htm</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://goseasia.about.com/od/eventsfes6/tp/vn_festivals.01.htm">http://goseasia.about.com/od/eventsfes6/tp/vn_festivals.01.htm</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115000946/http://quangduc.com/lichsu/13nienbieupgvn3.html">"Niên biểu lịch sử Phật giáo Việt Nam"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quangduc.com/lichsu/13nienbieupgvn3.html">the original</a> on 15 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ni%C3%AAn+bi%E1%BB%83u+l%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+Ph%E1%BA%ADt+gi%C3%A1o+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquangduc.com%2Flichsu%2F13nienbieupgvn3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nantien.org.au/en/events/buddhas-birthday-festival">"Buddha's Birthday Festival | Nan Tien Temple"</a>. <i>www.nantien.org.au</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nantien.org.au&rft.atitle=Buddha%27s+Birthday+Festival+%26%23124%3B+Nan+Tien+Temple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nantien.org.au%2Fen%2Fevents%2Fbuddhas-birthday-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.apc.edu.au/2013/05/buddhas-birthday-celebration.html">"Buddha's Birthday Celebration"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddha%27s+Birthday+Celebration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.apc.edu.au%2F2013%2F05%2Fbuddhas-birthday-celebration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bbep-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbep_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paradeofthebuddhas.org/">"Buddha's Birthday Education Project"</a>. International Buddhist Progress Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddha%27s+Birthday+Education+Project&rft.pub=International+Buddhist+Progress+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paradeofthebuddhas.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/">"Buddha Birth Day Festival"</a>. <i>buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au&rft.atitle=Buddha+Birth+Day+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuddhabirthdayfestival.com.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bbdf-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbdf_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20140126151802/http://2014.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival">"Buddha Birthday Festival"</a>. Buddha's Light International Association, Chung Tian Temple. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2014.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival">the original</a> on 26 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddha+Birthday+Festival&rft.pub=Buddha%27s+Light+International+Association%2C+Chung+Tian+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2014.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au%2Ffestival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhaday.org.au">"Buddha's Birthday and Multicultural Festival"</a>. Buddha's Light International Association Victoria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddha%27s+Birthday+and+Multicultural+Festival&rft.pub=Buddha%27s+Light+International+Association+Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhaday.org.au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314000338/http://visitperthcity.com/events/buddhas-birthday-multicultural-festival">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitperthcity.com/events/buddhas-birthday-multicultural-festival">the original</a> on 14 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitperthcity.com%2Fevents%2Fbuddhas-birthday-multicultural-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bendigotourism.com/whats-on/whats-on-this-month/event/3258-vesak-festival-of-light">http://www.bendigotourism.com/whats-on/whats-on-this-month/event/3258-vesak-festival-of-light</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073342/https://www.christmas.net.au/visitor-guide/files/inc/Christmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christmas.net.au/visitor-guide/files/inc/Christmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christmas.net.au%2Fvisitor-guide%2Ffiles%2Finc%2FChristmas-Island-Visitors-Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015211953/https://www.christmas.net.au/about/culture.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christmas.net.au/about/culture.html">the original</a> on 15 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christmas.net.au%2Fabout%2Fculture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDessi2016" class="citation book cs1">Dessi, Ugo (2016-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pCqTDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Global Repositioning of Japanese Religions: An integrated approach</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317030126" title="Special:BookSources/9781317030126"><bdi>9781317030126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Repositioning+of+Japanese+Religions%3A+An+integrated+approach&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.isbn=9781317030126&rft.aulast=Dessi&rft.aufirst=Ugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpCqTDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Source-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Source_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Source_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNegawa2007" class="citation web cs1">Negawa, Sachio (11 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2007/10/11/brazil-nihonjinmachi/">"Chapter 8: The Formation and Development of Bairro Oriental (3) - The Emergence of a New "Tradition<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. Discover Nikkei<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+8%3A+The+Formation+and+Development+of+Bairro+Oriental+%283%29+-+The+Emergence+of+a+New+%22Tradition%22&rft.pub=Discover+Nikkei&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft.aulast=Negawa&rft.aufirst=Sachio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovernikkei.org%2Fen%2Fjournal%2F2007%2F10%2F11%2Fbrazil-nihonjinmachi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Source2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Source2_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Source2_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturajaponesa.com.br/index.php/festivais/hanamatsuri/">"Hanamatsuri"</a>. CulturaJaponesa.com.br<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hanamatsuri&rft.pub=CulturaJaponesa.com.br&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturajaponesa.com.br%2Findex.php%2Ffestivais%2Fhanamatsuri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vesakcelebration.com/">"vesak celebration"</a>. <i>vesak2014</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vesak2014&rft.atitle=vesak+celebration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vesakcelebration.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308150620/http://www.sumeru-books.com/tag/mississauga/">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sumeru-books.com/tag/mississauga/">the original</a> on 8 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sumeru-books.com%2Ftag%2Fmississauga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKhalil2014" class="citation web cs1">Khalil, Nouman (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mississauga.com/news-story/4518929-buddhists-to-mark-buddha-s-birthday-at-celebration-square/">"Buddhists to mark Buddha's birthday at Celebration Square"</a>. <i>Mississauga.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mississauga.com&rft.atitle=Buddhists+to+mark+Buddha%27s+birthday+at+Celebration+Square&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.aulast=Khalil&rft.aufirst=Nouman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mississauga.com%2Fnews-story%2F4518929-buddhists-to-mark-buddha-s-birthday-at-celebration-square%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culture.mississauga.ca/event/celebration-square/vesak-buddha%E2%80%99s-birthday-celebration">"Vesak, Buddha's Birthday Celebration"</a>. <i>Mississauga Culture</i>. 11 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mississauga+Culture&rft.atitle=Vesak%2C+Buddha%27s+Birthday+Celebration&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fculture.mississauga.ca%2Fevent%2Fcelebration-square%2Fvesak-buddha%25E2%2580%2599s-birthday-celebration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japanese-city.com/calendar/events/index.php?eID=32066">"2014 Hanamatsuri Bazaar - Japanese and Buddhist Cultural Festival (2 Days) | Japanese-City.com"</a>. <i>www.japanese-city.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.japanese-city.com&rft.atitle=2014+Hanamatsuri+Bazaar+-+Japanese+and+Buddhist+Cultural+Festival+%282+Days%29+%26%23124%3B+Japanese-City.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanese-city.com%2Fcalendar%2Fevents%2Findex.php%3FeID%3D32066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interfaithcenter.org/archives/5318">"The 25th International Lotus Lantern Parade for the Celebration of Buddha's Birthday! | ICNY"</a>. <i>interfaithcenter.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interfaithcenter.org&rft.atitle=The+25th+International+Lotus+Lantern+Parade+for+the+Celebration+of+Buddha%27s+Birthday%21+%26%23124%3B+ICNY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finterfaithcenter.org%2Farchives%2F5318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuddha%27s+Birthday" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<ul><li>The Folkloric Study of Chopail (Buddha's Birthday), written by Prof. M.Y.Pyeon. Produced by Minsokwon in Seoul Korea 2002.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddha%27s_Birthday" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Buddha's Birthday"><span style="">Buddha's Birthday</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ashesh.com.np/buddha-jayanti-birthday/">Buddha Jayanti</a> About Buddha Jayanti</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.himalisherpa.com/buddha-jayanti.php">Buddha's Birthday बुद्ध जयन्ती</a> Buddha's Birthday बुद्ध जयन्ती</li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dhammacakkappavattana_Sutta" title="Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta">Core teachings</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhavacana" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhavacana">Sayings</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Disciples</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ten_principal_disciples" class="mw-redirect" title="The ten principal disciples">ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist pilgrimage">pilgrimage sites</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birthday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Prophecy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahaparinibbana_Sutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahaparinibbana Sutta">Death</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cetiya" title="Cetiya">Cetiya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Relic_of_the_tooth_of_the_Buddha" title="Relic of the tooth of the Buddha">tooth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">footprint</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddharupa" title="Buddharupa">Buddha statues</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Gautama Buddha in world religions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></li></ul>
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<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topics_in_Buddhism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buddhism_topics" title="Template:Buddhism topics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism_topics" title="Template talk:Buddhism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Buddhism_topics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topics_in_Buddhism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Outline&#124;16x16px&#124;link=_Outline_*_Glossary_*_Index">
<ul><li><img alt="Outline" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Outline" width="10" height="16" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Outline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Foundations</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_(Buddhism)" title="Refuge (Buddhism)">Three Jewels</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">The Buddha</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birthday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Footprint</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography in Laos and Thailand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Suddhodāna <small>(father)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Māyā <small>(mother)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī<small> (aunt, adoptive mother)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā <small>(wife)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula <small>(son)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda <small>(cousin)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Devadatta" title="Devadatta">Devadatta <small>(cousin)</small></a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places where the Buddha stayed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Buddha in world religions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra" title="Samantabhadra">Samantabhadra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism)" title="Skanda (Buddhism)">Skanda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Metteyya/Maitreya</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaundinya" title="Kaundinya">Kaundinya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Assaji" title="Assaji">Assaji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra" title="Śāriputra">Sāriputta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Mahamoggallāna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākassapa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la" title="Aṅgulimāla">Aṅgulimāla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist)" title="Katyayana (Buddhist)">Mahākaccana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha)" title="Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)">Nanda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti" title="Subhūti">Subhūti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Punna" title="Punna">Punna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81li" title="Upāli">Upāli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Khema" title="Khema">Khema</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uppalavanna" title="Uppalavanna">Uppalavanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist)" title="Channa (Buddhist)">Channa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yasa" title="Yasa">Yasa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Key concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">Avidyā (Ignorance)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">Bodhicitta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma theory">Dhamma theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Five_hindrances" title="Five hindrances">Five hindrances</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">Kleshas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mindstream" title="Mindstream">Mindstream</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">Parinirvana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra" title="Saṅkhāra">Saṅkhāra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Śūnyatā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Taṇhā (Craving)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81" title="Tathātā">Tathātā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism)" title="Fetter (Buddhism)">Ten Fetters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicca">Anicca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha" title="Duḥkha">Dukkha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatta">Anatta</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine" title="Two truths doctrine">Two truths doctrine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_realms" title="Ten realms">Ten spiritual realms</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Six_realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Six realms">Six realms</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva realm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism" title="Human beings in Buddhism">Human realm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">Asura realm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Hungry Ghost realm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism" title="Animals in Buddhism">Animal realm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three planes of existence</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese Zen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean Seon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Vietnamese Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools" title="Early Buddhist schools">Early Buddhist schools</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna">Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices" title="Category:Buddhist practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyādhammā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihara</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekkha</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Buddhābhiṣeka">Buddhābhiṣeka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism">Dhyāna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Faith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li>
<li><i lang="sa-Latn" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><a href="/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Kammaṭṭhāna">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollection</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Smarana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samatha" title="Samatha">Samatha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vipassan%C4%81" title="Vipassanā">Vipassanā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Ganana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tonglen" title="Tonglen">Tonglen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">Nekkhamma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramitā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paritta" title="Paritta">Paritta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Puja</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" title="Offering (Buddhism)">Offerings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_chant" title="Buddhist chant">Chanting</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_(Buddhism)" title="Refuge (Buddhism)">Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">Sacca</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Enlightenment</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Sati</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">Dhamma vicaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">Pīti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">Passaddhi</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a" title="Pratimokṣa">Pratimokṣa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Bodhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddha" title="Pratyekabuddha">Pratyekabuddha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_enlightenment" title="Four stages of enlightenment">Four stages of enlightenment</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna" title="Sotāpanna">Sotāpanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sakadagami" title="Sakadagami">Sakadagami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi" title="Anāgāmi">Anāgāmi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">Bhikkhunī</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇerī</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika" title="Anagārika">Anagārika</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">Ajahn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">Sayadaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen master</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">Rōshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">Geshe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kappiya" title="Kappiya">Kappiya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81" title="Upāsaka and Upāsikā">Upāsaka and Upāsikā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">Śrāvaka</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Principal_Disciples" title="Ten Principal Disciples">The ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita" title="Buddhapālita">Buddhapālita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo" title="Songtsen Gampo">Songtsen Gampo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhiyi" title="Zhiyi">Zhiyi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Buddhist Texts">Early Buddhist Texts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana sutras</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" title="Pāli Canon">Pāli Canon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese Buddhist canon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra" title="Madhyamakālaṃkāra">Madhyamakālaṃkāra</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa" title="Abhidharmadīpa">Abhidharmadīpa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan" title="Buddhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Buddhism in the Middle East">Middle East</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran" title="Buddhism in Iran">Iran</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Western countries</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" title="Buddhism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" title="Buddhism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Buddhist councils</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">History of Buddhism in India</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in India</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Anti-Buddhist_Persecution" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution">Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world" title="Buddhism and the Roman world">Buddhism and the Roman world</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Buddhism in the West</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal" title="Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal">Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">Buddhist crisis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Women in Buddhism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_atomism" title="Buddhist atomism">Atomism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhism and democracy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Economics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">Eight Consciousnesses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Ethics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" title="Buddhism and evolution">Evolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology" title="Buddhist logico-epistemology">Logic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Reality</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Socialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_unanswered_questions" title="The unanswered questions">The unanswered questions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism" title="Culture of Buddhism">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" title="Buddhist architecture">Architecture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Temple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra" title="Vihāra">Vihāra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kyaung" title="Kyaung">Kyaung</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">Wat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_hall" title="Ordination hall">Ordination hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_pagoda" title="Burmese pagoda">Burmese pagoda</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Japanese Buddhist architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhist_temples" title="Korean Buddhist temples">Korean Buddhist temples</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thai_temple_art_and_architecture" title="Thai temple art and architecture">Thai temple art and architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture" title="Tibetan Buddhist architecture">Tibetan Buddhist architecture</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Art</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddharupa" title="Buddharupa">Buddharupa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Calendar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_funeral" title="Buddhist funeral">Funeral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_holidays" title="Buddhist holidays">Holidays</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Māgha Pūjā">Māgha Pūjā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vassa" title="Vassa">Vassa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi" title="Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi">Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">Kasaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Poetry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Prayer beads</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hama_Yumi" title="Hama Yumi">Hama Yumi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_wheel" title="Prayer wheel">Prayer wheel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" title="Buddhist symbolism">Symbolism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharmachakra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">Bhavacakra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Miscellaneous</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_talk" title="Dharma talk">Dharma talk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(aeon)" title="Kalpa (aeon)">Kalpa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Koliya" title="Koliya">Koliya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage (Buddhism)">Lineage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Māra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%9Addhi" title="Ṛddhi">Ṛddhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāḷi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism" title="Category:Comparative Buddhism">Comparison</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Buddhism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Buddhism">Baháʼí Faith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Buddhism and Christianity">Christianity</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_influences_on_Christianity" title="Buddhist influences on Christianity">Influences</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity">Comparison</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Eastern_religions" title="Buddhism and Eastern religions">East Asian religions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Gnosticism" title="Buddhism and Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism" title="Buddhism and Jainism">Jainism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Judaism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology" title="Buddhism and psychology">Psychology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_science" title="Buddhism and science">Science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Theosophy" title="Buddhism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy" title="Buddhism and Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism-related_lists" title="Category:Buddhism-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bodhisattvas" title="List of bodhisattvas">Bodhisattvas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_related_to_Buddhism" title="List of books related to Buddhism">Books</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhas">Buddhas</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_named_Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the named Buddhas">named</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Buddhists</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suttas" title="List of suttas">Suttas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_temples" title="List of Buddhist temples">Temples</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_festivals" title="List of Buddhist festivals">Festivals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism" title="Category:Buddhism">Category</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="image"><img alt="P religion world.svg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=South_Korea&#124;link=South_Korea_Festivals_in_South_Korea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Festivals_in_South_Korea" title="Template:Festivals in South Korea"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Festivals_in_South_Korea" title="Template talk:Festivals in South Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Festivals_in_South_Korea&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=South_Korea&#124;link=South_Korea_Festivals_in_South_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_South_Korea" title="List of festivals in South Korea">Festivals in South Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;background: #E9967A;"><div id="List_of_festivals_in_South_Korea"><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_South_Korea" title="List of festivals in South Korea">List of festivals in South Korea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Korean_festivals" title="List of modern Korean festivals">List of modern Korean festivals</a> (by region)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;width:1%">Traditional</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_traditional_festivals" title="List of Korean traditional festivals">List of Korean traditional festivals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EDC9AF;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_festivals_in_South_Korea" title="List of music festivals in South Korea">List of music festivals in South Korea</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EDC9AF;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_festivals_in_South_Korea" title="List of film festivals in South Korea">List of film festivals in South Korea</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Asia" title="List of festivals in Asia">List of festivals in Asia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="color: black; background: #E9967A;"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Commons page" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_of_South_Korea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Festivals of South Korea"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hong_Kong&#124;link=Hong_Kong_Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Public holidays in Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Public holidays in Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hong_Kong&#124;link=Hong_Kong_Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Public holidays in Hong Kong">Public holidays in Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Lunar New Year</a> (first 3 days of the period)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qingming_Festival" title="Qingming Festival">Ching Ming Festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buddha's Birthday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Day" title="Labour Day">Labour Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Duanwu_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanwu Festival">Tuen Ng Festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_Establishment_Day" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day">Hong Kong SAR Establishment Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival" title="Mid-Autumn Festival">Mid-Autumn Festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="National Day of the People's Republic of China">PRC National Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Double_Ninth_Festival" title="Double Ninth Festival">Chung Yeung Festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Flag-map of Hong Kong.svg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg/125px-Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="91" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg/188px-Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg/250px-Flag-map_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="914" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Official_Birthday" title="Queen's Official Birthday">Queen's Birthday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberation Day (Hong Kong)">Liberation Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="National Day of the Republic of China">Double Ten Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day" title="Remembrance Day">Remembrance Day</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24x20px&#124;_&#124;alt=Nepal&#124;link=Nepal_Public_holidays_in_Nepal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nepal_Holidays" title="Template:Nepal Holidays"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nepal_Holidays" title="Template talk:Nepal Holidays"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nepal_Holidays&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24x20px&#124;_&#124;alt=Nepal&#124;link=Nepal_Public_holidays_in_Nepal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nepal" title="Public holidays in Nepal">Public holidays in Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nawami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Nawami">Ram Nawami</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Jayanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Jayanti">Buddha Jayanti</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Janai_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Janai Purnima">Janai Purnima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gaijatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaijatra">Gaijatra</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li>
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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghatasthapana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghatasthapana (page does not exist)">Ghatasthapana</a></li>
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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Asthami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maha Asthami (page does not exist)">Maha Asthami</a></li>
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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laxmi_Puja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laxmi Puja (page does not exist)">Laxmi Puja</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mha_Puja" title="Mha Puja">Mha Puja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Govardhan_Puja" title="Govardhan Puja">Govardhan Puja</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a></li>
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' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1611901765 |
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