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Main article: Lists of English translations from medieval sources

The list of English translations from medieval sources: F–Z provides an overview of notable medieval documents—historical, scientific, ecclesiastical and literature—that have been translated into English. This includes the original author, translator(s) and the translated document. Translations are from Old and Middle English, Old French, Old Norse, Latin, Arabic, Greek, Persian, Syriac, Ethiopic, Coptic, Armenian, and Hebrew, and most works cited are generally available in the University of Michigan's HathiTrust digital library[1] and OCLC's WorldCat.[2] Anonymous works are presented by topic.

List of English translations

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G

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Geoffrey of Monmouth. Geoffrey of Monmouth  (1095 – c. 1155) was a  Catholic cleric from Monmouth, Wales, and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography and the popularity of tales of King Arthur.[3]

Geography. Medieval works on geography and cartography include the following.

Main article: Geography and cartography in medieval Islam
  • Compendium of Ancient Geography, 2 volumes (1742).[5] By French geographer and cartographer Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (1697–1782).[6][7] Translated with an interesting discussion on translation. Translated from the French by British antiquarian John Horsley (c. 1685 – 1732)[8] Illustrated with maps, carefully reduced from those of the Paris atlas, in imperial folio; with a map of Roman Britain, and with prolegomena and notes by the translator.
  • Contributions to the history of geography (1891–1892), by American Semitic scholar Richard James Horatio Gottheil (1862–1936). In the American journal of Semitic languages and literatures,[9] Volume VII,pp. 39–55, Volume VIII, pp. 65–78.
  • A volume in the autograph of Yāqūt the geographer (1951).[10] By Arthur John Arberry (1905–1969), a British orientalist.[11][12] A brief description of the work of Arab scholar Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229),[13][14] with a reproduction of the manuscript of the Tamām Fasīh al-kalām of Ahmad ibn Fāris.[15]
  • Ptolemy's geography (1908)[16] A brief account of all the printed editions of Ptolemy's Geography down to 1730, with notes on some important variations observed in that of Ulm 1482, including the recent discovery of the earliest printed map of the world yet known on modern geographical conceptions in which some attempt was made to depart from ancient traditions. By Henry Newton Stevens (1855–1930).[17] Now preserved in the library of Edward Everett Ayer (1841–1927).

Gesta Romanorum. Gesta Romanorum (c. early 14th century) is a Latin collection of anecdotes and tales ambiguously translated as Deeds of the Romans. It was one of the most popular books of the time used as source material for Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, and others.[18]

  • The early English versions of the Gesta Romanorum (1879).[19] First edited by Sir Frederic Madden for the Roxburghe Club, and now re-edited from the manuscripts in the British Museum (Harl. 7333 & Addit. 9066) and University Library, Cambridge (Kk. 1. 6), with introduction, notes, and glossary by Sidney John Hervon Herrtage.[20] In Early English Text Society, Extra Series, 33.

Gilbert, Humphrey. Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 1583) was an adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Elizabeth I of England. He was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America and Ireland. He was a maternal half-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh.[21]

Giovanni de' Marignolli. Giovanni de' Marignolli, known as John of Marignolli (fl. 1338–53), was a notable 14th-century Catholic European traveller to medieval China and India.[24][25]

  • John de Marignolli's recollections of Eastern travel (1338–1353). In Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China (1913–1916),[26] Volume II, Chapter V. New edition of a translation by Sir Henry Yule (1820–1889),[27] revised by French orientalist Henri Cordier (1849–1925).[28] Printed for the Hakluyt society, Second series, Volumes 33, 37, 38, 41.
  • The Minor Friars in China (1917). By British sinologist Arthur Christopher Moule (1873–1957).[29] Extracts from the chronicle of Giovanni de' Marignolli written c. 1354 and letters from the khan to pope Benedict XII, with the pope's replies. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,[30] (1917), pp. 1–36.

Godfrey of Bouillon. Godfrey of Bouillon (1060–1100) was a French nobleman and one of the leaders of the First Crusade. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, serving from 1099 to 1100, and using the title Advocatus sancti sepulchri as opposed to king.[31][32]

  • Godeffroy of Boloyne: The siege and conqueste of Jerusalem (1893).[33][34] By William, archbishop of Tyre (c. 1130 – 1186).[35][36] Translated from the French by English printer and writer William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491),[37][38] and printed by him in 1481. Edited from the copy in the British museum, with introduction, notes, vocabulary, and indexes, by Mary Noyes Colvin.[39] Taken from a French translation of William's Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum (History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea). In Early English Text Society, Extra series, Volume 64.[40]
  • Godfrey of Bulloigne; or, The recovery of Jerusalem (1818).[41] Done into English heroical verse, from the Italian, by English translator Edward Fairfax (c. 1580 –1635).[42][43] The first complete English translation of La Gerusalemme liberata, by Italian poet Torquato Tasso (1544–1595).[44] The work is a reinvention of the First Crusade, with Godfrey of Bouillon lionized as the ideal military leader, using both the 1464 work of Benedetto Accolti,[45] De Bello a Christianis contra Barbaros, and other available original sources.
  • The history of Helyas, Knight of the Swan (1901).[46] Translated by Robert Copland (fl. 1508–1547).[47] The story of the Knight of the Swan (Chevalier au Cygne) is a medieval tale reworked in the Crusader cycle to have the hero a legendary ancestor of Godfrey of Bouillon.
  • Legends of Godfrey of Bouillon. In A manual of the writings in Middle English,1050–1400 (1923–1927),[48] Chapter I.4, pp. 95–97. By John Edwin Wells (1875–1943).[49]

Gower, John. John Gower (c. 1330 – 1408) was an English poet, contemporary of the Pearl Poet, and a personal friend of Geoffrey Chaucer.[50] His major works, the Mirour de l'Omme, Vox Clamantis, and Confessio Amantis, are united by common moral and political themes.

  • Tales of the seven deadly sins; being the Confessio amantis of John Gower (1889).[51] Edited by English biographer Henry Morley (1822–1894).[52]
  • Confessio amantis (2006).[53] Edited by Russell A. Peck and translated by Andrew Galloway. Middle English Texts Society, University of Rochester
  • Mirour de l'omme = The mirror of mankind (1992).[54] Translated by William Burton Wilson; revised by Nancy Wilson Van Baak with a foreword by R.F. Yeager.
  • The Pearl Poet, Gower. In A manual of the writings in Middle English,1050–1400 (1923–1927),[48] Chapter XV, pp. 578–598. By John Edwin Wells (1875–1943).[49]

Griselda. Griselda is a figure in European folklore noted for her patience and obedience. She appears in Boccaccio's Decameron, Tenth day, Petrarch's Historia Griseldis, and Chaucer's The Clerk's Tale.

  • Gualtherus and Griselda, or, The Clerk of Oxford's tale (1741).[55] From Boccace [Boccaccio], Petrarch, and Chaucer. Including: (1) A letter to a friend, with the Clerk of Oxford's character; (2) The Clerk of Oxford's prologue, from Chaucer; (3) The Clerk of Oxford's conclusion, from Petrarch; (4) The declaration, or l'Envoy de Chaucer, a les Maris de notre Temps, from Chaucer; (5) The words of our host, from Chaucer; and, (6) A letter in Latin, from Petrarch to Boccaccio. By English author and translator George Ogle (1704–1746).[56]
  • The story of patient Griselda, from the Clerk's tale of Geoffrey Chaucer (1906).[57] Done into modern English with a few notes, by British philologist Rev. Walter William Skeat (1835–1912).[58]
  • The story of Griselda: being the tenth story of the tenth day from the Decameron of Messer Giovanni Boccaccio (1909).[59] Translated by James Macmullen Rigg (1855–1926).[60]
  • The history of patient Grisel, 1619 (1885).[61] A translation of The Ancient True And Admirable History Of Patient Grisel by Charles Perrault (1628–1703).[62] Edited, with an introduction, by British author Henry B. Wheatley (1838–1917).[63]

J

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Joseph of Exeter. Joseph of Exeter (fl. 12th century) was a Latin poet from England.[64]

L

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Lambeth Palace Library Ms. 853. A collection of 15th century courtesies and hymn in the Lambeth Place Library.[67] The works below are edited by English philologist Frederick James Furnivall (1825–1910)[68] and a part of the publications of the Early English Text Society (EETS), Original or Extra Series. The contents of ms. 853 are in Hymns to the Virgin & Christ, pp. xiiix-xiv.

  • Hymns to the Virgin & Christ, the Parliament of devils, and other religious poems: chiefly from the Archbishop of Canterbury's Lambeth ms. no. 853 (1867–1896).[69] EETS, OS 24. Includes: Surge mea sponsa; poems to Christ; The Deuelis perlament; The world is false and vain; Earth; Reuertere; Merci passith Rightness; the Belief; Ten Commandments; the 16 points of charity;
  • Political, religious, and love poems (1866–1903).[70] EETS, OS 15.
  • The Babees book: Early English Meals and Manners (1838).[71] EETS, OS 32.
  • Queene Elizabethes achademy (by Sir Humphrey Gilbert) (1879).[22] EETS, ES 8.

Lefèvre, Raoul. Raoul Lefèvre (fl. 1460) was the French author of the Recuyell of the historyes of Troye (1464), the first English printed book.[72] Lefèvre served as the chaplain of Philip the Good (1396–1467), Duke of Burgundy and the creator of the chivalrous Order of the Golden Fleece.

  • The recuyell of the historyes of Troye (1894).[73] Written in French, and translated and printed by William Caxton, c. 1474. Reproduced with a critical introduction, index and glossary, and eight pages in photographic facsimile, by Heinrich Oskar Sommer (born 1861).[74]
  • The History of Jason (1913).[75] Translated from the French by William Caxton. Edited by John James Munro.[76] In Early English Text Society, Extra Series, 111.
  • Stair Ercuil focus a bas, the life and death of Hercules (1939). Translated and edited by Ernest Gordon Quin.[77] Adapted from the last part of Volume I and all of Volume II of The recuyell of the historyes of Troye. Published by the Irish Texts Society,[78] Volume 38.

P

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Paynell, Thomas. Thomas Paynell (fl. 1528–1564) was an English Augustinian and translator.[79]

Paris, Matthew. Matthew Paris.[80]

  • The life of St. Edmund (1996). Translated, edited and with a biography by C. H. Lawrence.[81] A French-verse history of the life of Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1233 to 1240. Based on Paris's own Latin prose life of Rich, composed in the late 1240s, which drew on a collection of materials made at Pontigny, statements from Robert Bacon and Richard Wych, Bishop of Chichester, and other materials including from Paris's own histories.

R

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Ragnar Lodbrok. Ragnar Lodbrok (d. ca 865).

Roberts, Peter. Peter Roberts (c. 1760–1819) was a Welsh Anglican divine and antiquary.[84]

  • Sketch of the Early History of the Cymry (1803). A history of the Britons from 700 BC to 500 AD.[85]
  • Chronicle of the Kings of Britain (1811). A translation of the Welsh version by Tysilio of Geoffrey of Monmouth, with illustrative dissertations.[86]
  • Cambrian Popular Antiquities (1815). An account of some traditions, customs, and superstitions, of Wales, with observations as to their origin.[87]

S

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Snorri Sturluson. Snorri Sturluson (1179 – 22 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician.

  • Northern antiquities; or, An historical account of the manners, customs, religion and laws, maritime expeditions and discoveries, language and literature of the ancient Scandinavians (1847).[88] Translated from the French of Paul Henri Mallet, by Bishop Thomas Percy.[89][90]
  • The prose or younger Edda commonly ascribed to Snorri Sturluson (1842).[91] Translated from the Old Norse by George Webbe Dasent.[92]
  • The younger Edda, also called Snorre's Edda of the prose Edda (1880). [93] An English version of the foreword; the fooling of Gylfe, the afterword; Brage's talk, the afterword to Brage's talk, and the important passages in the Poetical diction (Skaldskaparmal). With an introduction, notes, vocabulary and index by Rasmus B. Anderson.
  • The Prose Edda, by Snorri Sturluson (1916).[94] Translated from the Icelandic, with an introduction, by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur.

Source material

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See also

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Footnotes

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References

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  1. ^ "HathiTrust Digital Library".
  2. ^ "WorldCat Identities".
  3. ^ Burke, Edmund Hubert (1908). "Geoffrey of Monmouth". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  4. ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth. (1911). Histories of the kings of Britain. London, J. M. Dent & sons.
  5. ^ Anville, J. Baptiste Bourguignon d'. (1810). Compendium of ancient geography. London: Printed for J. Faulder [etc.].
  6. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 157-158.
  7. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d' Anville (1697-1782)".
  8. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Horsley, John". Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 739.
  9. ^ University of Chicago. Dept. of Semitic Languages and Literatures. (1895-1941). The American journal of Semitic languages and literatures. [Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  10. ^ Arberry, A. J. (Arthur John)., Ahmad ibn Fāris, a. (1951). A volume in the autograph of Yāqūt the geographer (574-626/1179-1229): A brief description with a reproduction of the manuscript of the Tamām Fasīh al-kalām of Ibn Fāris. London: E. Walker.
  11. ^ Elwell-Sutton, E. P. "Arberry, Arthur John". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. II, Fasc. 3, pp. 278-279.
  12. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Arthur John Arberry (1905-1969)".
  13. ^ al-Naboodah, Hasan (2016). "Yāqūt". Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle.
  14. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Yāqūt". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 904.
  15. ^ Fleisch, H., “Ibn Fāris”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
  16. ^ Stevens, H. Newton., Ayer, E. Everett. (1908). Ptolemy's geography: a brief account of all the printed editions down th 1730, with notes on some important variations observed in that of Ulm 1482, including the recent discovery of the earliest printed map of the world yet known on modern geographical conceptions in which some attempt was made to depart from ancient traditions. 2d ed. London: H. Stevens, son and Stiles.
  17. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Henry Newton Stevens (1855-1930)".
  18. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gesta Romanorum". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11. (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 910.
  19. ^ Herrtage, S. J. H. (Sidney John Hervon). (1879). The early English versions of the Gesta Romanorum. London: Pub. for the Early English Text Society by the Oxford University Press.
  20. ^ Herrtage, Sidney John Hervon. WorldCat Identities.
  21. ^ Charles Henry Coote (1890). "Gilbert, Humphrey". In Dictionary of National Biography. 21. London. pp. 327-330.
  22. ^ a b Furnivall, F. James., Oswald, E., Rosetti, W. Michael., Gilbert, H. (1869). Queene Elizabethes achademy (by Sir Humphrey Gilbert): A booke of percedence. The ordering of a funerall, &c. Varying versions of The good wife, The wise man, &c. London: Published for the Early English Text Society by N. Trübner.
  23. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Furnivall, Frederick James". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 366.
  24. ^ Henry Yule and Charles Raymond Beazley (1911). "Marignolli, Giovanni de'". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.) Encyclopædia Britannica. 17. (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 717-718
  25. ^ Girolamo Golubovich (1914). "Giovanni de' Marignolli". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 16. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  26. ^ Yule, H., Gois, B. de., Ibn Batuta, 1., Marignolis, J. de., Balducci Pegolotti, F., Rashīd al-Dīn, Odorico, d. Pordenone., Cordier, H. (191316). Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China,. New ed., London,: Printed for the Hakluyt society.
  27. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Yule, Sir Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 946.
  28. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Henri Cordier (1849-1925)".
  29. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Arthur-Christopher Moule (1873-1957)".
  30. ^ Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland.
  31. ^ Ernest Barker (1911). "Godfrey of Bouillon". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 12. (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 172-173.
  32. ^ Louis René Bréhier (1909). "Godfrey of Bouillon". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  33. ^ William, o. Tyre., Colvin, M. Noyes., Caxton, W. (1893). Godeffroy of Boloyne, or, The siege and conqueste of Jerusalem. London: Pub. for the Early English text society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner
  34. ^ Leila K. Norako. The Crusades Project: Medieval Insular Literature. "William Caxton's Godeffroy of Boloyn".
  35. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "William, archbishop of Tyre". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28. (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 677.
  36. ^ Murray, Alan V. "William of Tyre (died 1186)". The Crusades - An Encyclopedia. pp. 1281–1282.
  37. ^ Lee, Sidney (1887). "Caxton, William". In Dictionary of National Biography. 9. London. pp. 381-389.
  38. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Caxton, William". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 587-588.
  39. ^ Colvin, Mary Noyes. WorldCat Identities.
  40. ^ a b Early English Text Society, 2020. "List of Publications" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  41. ^ Tasso, T., Fairfax, E. (1818). Godfrey of Bulloigne; or, The recovery of Jerusalem: done into English heroical verse, from the Italian of Tasso. 5th ed., reprinted from the original folio of 1600. London: Printed for Edwards and Knibb.
  42. ^ Arthur Henry Bullen (1889). "Fairfax, Edward". In Dictionary of National Biography. 18. London. pp. 131-132. Errata appended, 1904.
  43. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fairfax, Edward". Encyclopædia Britannica. 10. (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 130.
  44. ^ Symonds, John Addington (1911). "Torquato Tasso" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 443-446.
  45. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Accolti, Benedetto". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 121.
  46. ^ Hoe, R., Worde, W. de., Copland, R., Grolier Club. (1901). The history of Helyas: Knight of the Swan. New York: The Grolier Club.
  47. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Copland, Robert". Encyclopædia Britannica. 7. (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 101.
  48. ^ a b Wells, J. Edwin. (192327). A manual of the writings in Middle English, 1050-1400: with first, second, and third supplements. [New Haven, Conn.]: Connecticut academy of arts and sciences.
  49. ^ a b Wells, John Edwin. WorldCat Identities.
  50. ^ Sidney Lee (1890). "Gower, John". In Dictionary of National Biography. 22. London. pp. 299-304.
  51. ^ Gower, J., Morley, H. (1889). Tales of the seven deadly sins: being the Confessio amantis of John Gower. London: Routledge & sons.
  52. ^ James Gairdner (1894). "Morley, Henry". In Dictionary of National Biography. 39. London. pp. 78-79.
  53. ^ Russell A. Peck (Editor) Andrew Galloway (Translator) (2006). Middle English Texts Society. University of Rochester. "Confessio Amantis, Volume 1, by John Gower". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  54. ^ Gower, J. (1992). Mirour de l'omme =: The mirror of mankind. East Lansing: Colleagues Press.
  55. ^ Ogle, G., Chaucer, G., Petrarca, F., Boccaccio, G. (1741). Gualtherus and Griselda: or, The Clerk of Oxford's tale. From Boccace, Petrarch, and Chaucer. To which are added, A letter to a friend, with the Clerk of Oxford's character, &c. The Clerk of Oxford's prologue, from Chaucer. The Clerk of Oxford's conclusion, from Petrarch. The declaration, ... from Chaucer. The words of our host, from Chaucer. A letter in Latin, from Petrarch to Boccace. Dublin: Printed for George Faulkner.
  56. ^ Elizabeth Lee (1895). "Ogle, George (1704-1746)". In Dictionary of National Biography. 42. London. p. 37.
  57. ^ Chaucer, G., James, G., Skeat, W. W. (Walter William). (1906). The story of Patient Griselda: from the Clerk's tale of Geoffrey Chaucer. London: G. Routledge & Sons, .
  58. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Skeat, Walter William". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 168-169.
  59. ^ Boccaccio, G., Rigg, J. M. (James Macmullen)., Riccardi Press. (1909). The story of Griselda: being the tenth story of the tenth day from the Decameron of Messer Giovanni Boccaccio. London: Published for the Medici Society, by P.L. Warner.
  60. ^ Rigg, James Macmullen (1855-1926). WorldCat Identities.
  61. ^ Wheatley, H. Benjamin. (1885). The history of patient Grisel. 1619. London: The Villon society.
  62. ^ Louis Narcisse Delamarre (1911). "Charles Perrault". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  63. ^ J. D. Lee (2004). "Wheatley, Henry Benjamin (1838–1917)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
  64. ^ Edwin Hubert Burton (1910). "Joseph of Exeter". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  65. ^ Rigg, A. G. "Joseph of Exeter: Iliad". Centre for Medieval Studies.
  66. ^ Camden, W. (1623). Remaines, concerning Britaine: but especially England, and the inhabitants thereof: Their languages. Names. Surnames. Allusions. Anagrammes. Armories. Monies. Empreses. Apparell. Artillary. Wise speeches. Prouerbs. Poesies. Epitaphs. The 3d impression London: Printed by N. Okes, for S. Waterson.
  67. ^ Lambeth Palace Library. WorldCat Identities.
  68. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Furnivall, Frederick James". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11(11th ed.) Cambridge University Press. p. 366.
  69. ^ Furnivall, F. James., Lambeth Palace Library. (18671895). Hymns to the Virgin & Christ, the Parliament of devils, and other religious poems: chiefly from the Archbishop of Canterbury's Lambeth ms. no. 853.. London: Pub. for the Early English text society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & co.
  70. ^ Furnivall, F. James., Rossetti, W. Michael., British Museum., Lambeth place. Library., British Library., Lambeth Palace Library. (18661903). Political, religious, and love poems. London: Pub. for the Early English test society, by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner.
  71. ^ Furnivall, F. James. (1868). The babees book: Aristotle's A B C, Urbanitatis, Stans puer ad mensam, The lytille childrenes lytil boke, the bokes of nurture of Hugh Rhodes and John Russell, Wynkyn de Worde's Boke of keruynge, The booke of demeanor, The boke of curtasye, Seager's Schoole of vertue, &c. &c. with some French and Latin poems on like subjects, and some forewords on education in early England. London: Pub. for the Early English Text Society, by N. Trübner & Co.
  72. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Raoul Le Fèvre (14..-14..)".
  73. ^ Lefèvre, R., Sommer, H. Oskar (Heinrich Oskar)., Caxton, W. (1894). The recuyell of the historyes of Troye: written in French by Raoul Lefèvre, tr. and printed by William Caxton, (about A.D. 1474) The first English printed book, now faithfully reproduced. London: D. Nutt.
  74. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Heinrich Oskar Sommer (1861-19..)".
  75. ^ Lefèvre, R., Munro, J. James., Caxton, W. (1913). The history of Jason. London: Pub. for the Early English Text Society, by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & co., ltd., and by H. Milford, Oxford University Press.
  76. ^ Munro, John James. WorldCat Identities.
  77. ^ Quin, Ernest Gordon. WorldCat Identities.
  78. ^ a b Irish Texts Society. Irish Texts Society: [publications]. Dublin.
  79. ^ Albert Frederick Pollard (1895). "Paynell, Thomas". In Dictionary of National Biography. 44. London. pg. 127.
  80. ^ William Hunt (1895). "Paris, Matthew". In Dictionary of National Biography. 43. London. pgs. 207–213.
  81. ^ Paris, M., Lawrence, C. H. (Clifford Hugh). (1996). The life of St. Edmund. Oxford: A. Sutton.
  82. ^ Weston, J. L. (Jessie Laidlay)., Weston, J. Laidlay., Buel, J. W. (James William)., Anderson, R. B. (Rasmus Bjørn)., Morris, W., Eiríkr Magnússon, 1., Sparling, H. Halliday (Henry Halliday)., Norrœna Society. (1906). The Volsunga saga. Viking ed. London: Norrœna Society.
  83. ^ Schlauch, M. (1930). The saga of the Volsungs: The saga of Ragnar Lodbrok, together with The lay of Kraka. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, W.W. Norton & Company, inc.
  84. ^ John Edward Lloyd (1896). "Robert Peters" In Dictionary of National Biography. 48. London. pgs. 389–390.
  85. ^ Roberts, P. (1803). Sketch of the early history of the Cymry: or, Ancient Britons, from the year 700, before Christ, to A. D. 500. London: Printed for E. Williams.
  86. ^ Geoffrey, o. Monmouth., Roberts, P. (1811). The chronicle of the kings of Britain. London: [publisher not identified].
  87. ^ Roberts, P. (1815). The Cambrian popular antiquities: or, An account of some traditions, customs, and superstitions, of Wales, with observations as to their origin, &c. &c. Illustrated with copper plates, coloured from nature. London: Printed for E. Williams.
  88. ^ allet, P. Henri., Scott, W., Blackwell, I. A.., Percy, T. (1847). Northern antiquities: or, An historical account of the manners, customs, religion and laws, maritime expeditions and discoveries, language and literature of the ancient Scandinavians. New ed., rev. throughout, and considerably enlarged; London: H.G. Bohn.
  89. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mallet, Paul Henri". Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pg. 491.
  90. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Percy, Thomas (bishop)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pg. 136.
  91. ^ Dasent, G. Webbe., Dasent, G. Webbe., Snorri Sturluson, 1. (1842). The prose: or younger Edda commonly ascribed to Snorri Sturluson. Stockholm: Norstedt and sons.
  92. ^ Thomas Seccombe (1902). "Dascent, George Webbe". In Dictionary of National Biography, Supplement. 2. London. pgs. 111–112.
  93. ^ Anderson, R. B. (Rasmus Bjørn)., Snorri Sturluson, 1. (1880). The younger Edda, also called Snorre's Edda of the prose Edda: An English version of the foreword; the fooling of Gylfe, the afterword; Brage's talk, the afterword to Brage's talk, and the important passages in the Poetical diction (Skaldskaparmal). Chicago: S.C. Griggs.
  94. ^ Brodeur, A. Gilchrist., Snorri Sturluson, 1. (1916). The Prose Edda. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
  95. ^ Kerr, R. (181124). A general history of voyages and travels to the end of the 18th century. Edinburgh: J. Ballantyne & Co.
  96. ^ Hakluyt Society. (1847). Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. [London: The Society].
  97. ^ "Modern philology".
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