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Fuheng

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(Redirected from Fu Heng (Qing General))
In this Manchu name, the given name is Fuheng. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the clan name Fuca.
First Class Duke Zhongyong
Fuheng
Portrait of Fuheng in the Ziguang Hall (紫光阁) in Zhongnanhai, Beijing
Chief Grand Councillor
In office
1748–1770
Preceded byNecin
Succeeded byYengišan
Grand Councillor
In office
1745 – 1770
(as the Chief Grand Councillor since 1748)
Grand Secretary of the Baohe Hall
In office
1748–1770
Assistant Grand Secretary
In office
1748–1748
Minister of Revenue
In office
1747–1748
Serving with Liang Shizheng
Preceded byHaiwang
Succeeded byYengišan
Personal details
Born1720
Shuntian, Beizhili, China (now Beijing)
DiedJuly 1770
Shuntian, Beizhili, China
RelationsEmpress Xiaoxianchun (sister)
Yonglian (nephew)
Gurun Princess Hejing (niece)
Yongcong (nephew)
Mingliang (nephew)
Mingrui (nephew)
ChildrenFuk'anggan (son)
Fulong'an (second son)
Clan nameFuca
Courtesy nameChunhe (春和)
Posthumous nameWenzhong (文忠)
Military service
AllegianceQing dynasty
Branch/serviceManchu Bordered Yellow Banner
Years of service1740–1770
RankGeneral
CommandsBurma Campaign (1768–1769)
Battles/warsFirst Campaign Against Jinchuan (1747–1749)
Dzungar–Qing War (1755–1757)
Sino-Burmese War (1768–1769)

Fuheng (Chinese: 傅恒; pinyin: Fùhéng; Manchu: ᡶᡠᡥᡝᠩ, Möllendorff: fuheng, Abkai: fuheng; Burmese: ဖူဟင်း; 1720 – July 1770), courtesy name Chunhe (春和), was a Qing dynasty official from the Manchu Fuca clan and the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners,[1] and was a younger brother of the Empress Xiaoxianchun. He served as a senior minister at the court of his brother-in-law, the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to his death in 1770. He is best known for leading the Qing troops in the fourth and last invasion of Burma in the Sino-Burmese War (1765–1769).

Prior to his appointment as the commander-in-chief of the Burma campaign, Fuheng was chief grand councilor to the emperor, and one of the emperor's most trusted advisers. Fuheng was one of the few senior officials that fully backed the Qianlong Emperor's decision to eliminate the Dzungars in the 1750s when most at the court thought war was too risky. His nephew Mingrui was a son-in-law of the emperor, and led the Burma campaign of 1767–1768.[2] His son Fuk'anggan was a senior general in the Qing military.

Fuheng was unsuccessful in the Burma campaign. In December 1769, he signed a truce with the Burmese, which the emperor did not accept. He died of malaria, which he contracted during his three-month invasion of Burma, when he got back to Beijing.[3]

Biography

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Born into a distinguished family

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Fuheng was born into a prestigious family. His ancestor Wangjinu (旺吉努) pledged allegiance to Nurhaci at the outset of his military campaigns, leading his clan in support. His great-grandfather Hashitu (哈什屯) served as a Grand Councillor during the reigns of the Taizong and Shizu emperors of the Qing dynasty[4], rising to the highest policy-making body of the Qing court. His grandfather Mingsihan earned the favor of the Kangxi Emperor and was promoted to Minister of Revenue and Grand Councillor. He firmly supported the Emperor’s proposal to abolish the regional feudal domains, contributing significantly to the restoration and development of social production and the suppression of the Revolt of the Three Feudatories during Kangxi’s reign. He was highly praised by the Emperor. Fuheng’s uncles Maska, Maqi, and Mawu were all prominent figures during the Kangxi and Yongzheng reigns. His father, Li Rongbao, held the post of Commander-in-Chief of Chahar[5]. Fuheng’s elder sister was none other than Empress Xiaoxianchun[6].

Campaign against Jinchuan

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See also: Jinchuan campaigns
Conquest of fortresses in Jinchuan by Qing troops

At the time, the general Necin was leading the offensive against Jinchuan, but his efforts proved fruitless. In the ninth month, the Qianlong Emperor reassigned Fuheng to temporarily oversee the duties of the Governor-General of Sichuan and Shaanxi and to direct military operations. Shortly thereafter, he was appointed Grand Secretariat of the Hall of Preserving Harmony[7]. Four million taels of silver were allocated from the Ministry of Revenue and various provincial treasuries for military expenses, and an additional 100,000 taels were drawn from the imperial treasury for rewards. In the eleventh month, Fuheng set out. The Emperor hosted a farewell banquet at the Chonghua Palace, personally performed ritual offerings at the Tangzi Hall, and ordered the imperial princes and Grand Secretary Lai Bao to escort him to Liangxiang[8].

Soon after, due to Fuheng’s swift march and strict discipline, the Emperor ordered a commendation and proposed promoting him to Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent and further to Grand Guardian[7]. Fuheng declined, but the Emperor refused to accept his refusal[9].

Previously, the tusi (native chieftain) of Lesser Jinchuan, Liang’erji, had feigned surrender and acted as a spy for Saruoben (莎羅奔). Zhang Guangsi, believing Wang Qiu, allowed Liang’erji to lead ethnic minority troops, and every movement by the Qing army was immediately known to the enemy. On his way, Fuheng submitted a memorial requesting the execution of Liang’erji and his associates. Upon nearing the front, he ordered Vice General Ma Liangzhu to summon Liang’erji under pretenses. When he arrived at Bangga Mountain, Liang’erji’s crimes were publicly denounced, and he was executed. The Qianlong Emperor praised Fuheng’s decisiveness and bestowed upon him the double-eyed peacock feather again, forbidding any refusal[10].

In December, Fuheng arrived at Kasa and moved the camp to the old fortress, ordering General Ye Daxiong to observe the Jinchuan fortifications. In 1749, Fuheng submitted a memorial analyzing the reasons for previous defeats and proposed a multi-pronged offensive strategy[11].

Although the Qianlong Emperor initially believed that Jinchuan was not a significant threat, upon learning of its formidable terrain, he ordered a withdrawal by imperial decree through Empress Dowager Xiaoshengxian. However, Fuheng was in the midst of capturing several fortresses with generals Ha Panlong and Ha Shangde. The Emperor, concerned about the harsh conditions, gifted Fuheng three catties of ginseng and repeatedly issued edicts recalling him. Nonetheless, in recognition of his merit, and on Empress Dowager Xiaoshengxian’s decree, Fuheng was ennobled as a First Class Duke Loyal and Brave, and was granted a bejeweled hat top and Four-Clawed Dragon Court Robe[7]. Fuheng firmly opposed the withdrawal and declined the honors, but the Emperor refused to relent[12].

At this point, Fuheng and Commander-in-Chief Yue Zhongqi planned a deeper incursion. Saruoben sent emissaries to plead for surrender. Fuheng demanded Saruoben personally surrender, bound. Saruoben later dispatched Chuosijia and others to plead for mercy from Yue Zhongqi, who personally entered Leuwuwei and escorted Saruoben and his son Langka to Fuheng’s camp, where they formally surrendered[13]. Saruoben offered a Buddha statue and ten thousand taels of silver; Fuheng declined the silver. Saruoben then requested to use the silver to build a shrine for Fuheng[14].

The next day, Fuheng led his troops back. The Qianlong Emperor issued a commendation edict, and following the precedent of Yangguli, awarded him two leopard-tail spears and two imperial bodyguards. In the third month, as the troops returned to the capital, the Emperor sent his eldest son Yonghuang and Prince Yu Guanglu to welcome him outside the city. Shortly afterward, the Emperor established an ancestral temple for the Fuca clan to honor Fuheng’s great-grandfather, grandfather, and father. He also granted Fuheng a mansion inside Dong’anmen[15].

Pacification of the Dzungars

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See also: Dzungar–Qing Wars

In 1754, a civil war broke out among the Dzungar tribes. The Qianlong Emperor intended to launch a military campaign and sought the opinions of his ministers; only Fuheng supported the plan. In the twentieth year (1755), the Qing army captured Ili and took Dawachi prisoner. The Qianlong Emperor issued an edict promoting Fuheng once again to First-Class Duke. Fuheng submitted a memorial in firm refusal, weeping as he did so, and the Emperor finally consented. Not long afterward, the Emperor had portraits of one hundred meritorious officials displayed in the Ziguang Pavilion; Fuheng’s portrait was placed in the foremost position[16].

In 1756, General Celing was tasked with pursuing Amursana. The Qianlong Emperor ordered Fuheng to go out and inspect the army, traveling to Elinhabirga to assemble the Mongol taijis and oversee military organization. Shortly after Fuheng’s departure, a memorial arrived from Celing reporting that he had already led his troops deep into enemy territory. The Emperor then recalled Fuheng[17].

Campaign against Burma

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See also: Qing-Burmese Wars

In 1768, General Mingrui was defeated in his campaign against Burma. In the second month, the Qianlong Emperor appointed Fuheng as Imperial Commissioner to lead the expedition, with Arigūn and Agui as Deputy Generals, and Shuhede as Associate Minister, to continue the war against Burma[18].

In the following year, during the second lunar month, Fuheng set out with his troops and entered Yunnan in the third month. In the fourth month, he arrived at the border town Tengyue. Upon reaching the frontier, Fuheng observed that the area of Wengushan contained many towering trees, particularly Zhuangnan and Yehuai, which were ideal for shipbuilding. The nearby area of Niuniuba was cool and free of miasma, making it suitable for construction. He secretly ordered Fu Xian to lead 3,000 Qing troops and over 460 craftsmen from Huguang to begin building warships, while drafting a strategy to advance by both land and water directly toward the Burmese capital, Ava. The Qianlong Emperor highly approved of this plan[19].

In August 1769, Fuheng departed from Tengyue and launched a surprise attack on Burma, winning initial victories[20]. By the October, the warships at Niuniuba were completed, and the Qing forces advanced by both land and water, routing the Burmese navy. In November, they captured the strategic military post of Xinjie, which had previously fallen to the Burmese. In the eleventh month, they attacked Laokuantun, a critical hub of north-south land and river traffic that was heavily fortified and difficult to capture. The Burmese had established strong wooden and river fortifications and fiercely resisted. The region was plagued by mist and high humidity, and the poor climate adversely affected the Qing troops, particularly the Manchu soldiers who were unaccustomed to such conditions. Many fell ill with tropical diseases[21].

Originally numbering over 31,000 in both land and naval forces, the Qing army suffered heavy losses, with more than half perishing. Several key commanders—including Grain Transport Commissioner Fu Xian, General Wu Shisheng, Deputy General Arigūn, Vice Commander Yong Rui, and Commanders Wufu and Ye Xiangde—died of illness. Fuheng himself contracted a serious disease and became gravely ill. Upon learning of this, the Qianlong Emperor ordered Agui to assume military command and instructed Fuheng to return immediately to the capital[22].

At the same time, the Burmese king and military leaders, fearing the might of the Qing army, expressed willingness to end the conflict. Seizing the opportunity, the Qianlong Emperor approved peace talks between the Qing forces and the Burmese[23].

Family

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Sons of Fuheng
Fukʽanggan (1754-1796)
Fulunggan (1746-1784)
Fucanggan (1760-1817)
  • Princess Consort, of the Yehe-Nara clan (福晋那拉氏):[24]
  • Concubine, of the Li clan (李氏):
    • Fuchang'an, Marquess of Chengjing (誠靖侯 福長安; 1760 – 1810), adopted son
  • Concubine, of the Sugiya clan (孙佳氏)
  • Unknown:
    • Fuling'an, Knight Commandant of the Cloud (雲騎尉 福靈安; d.1767), first son
    • Lady Fuca (富察氏; d.1813)
      • married Prince Yongxing, Qianlong Emperor's 11th son with Consort Jia, and had issue ( two sons and two daughters)
    • Lady Fuca (富察氏)
      • married Chunying, Prince Rui, and had issue (two sons)
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Fu-hêng" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
  2. ^ Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
  3. ^ Charles Patterson Giersch (2006). Asian borderlands: the transformation of Qing China's Yunnan frontier. Harvard University Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 0674021711.
  4. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷二百六十八·列傳五十五·米思翰》  – via Wikisource. 米思翰，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。先世居沙濟。曾祖旺吉努，當太祖時，率族來歸，授牛錄額真。父哈什屯，事太宗，以侍衛襲管牛錄。擢禮部參政，改副理事官。討瓦爾喀，招明總兵沈志祥。從攻錦州，明總兵曹變蛟夜襲御營，先眾扞禦，被創，力戰卻之。順治初，授內大臣、議政大臣，世職屢進一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。
  5. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷二百六十八·列傳五十五·李榮保》  – via Wikisource. 李榮保，襲世職，兼管牛錄，累遷至察哈爾總管，卒。乾隆二年，冊李榮保女為皇后，追封一等公。十三年，冊諡孝賢皇后，推恩先世，進封米思翰一等公。十四年，以李榮保子大學士傅恆經略金川功，敕建宗祠，祀哈什屯、米思翰、李榮保，並追諡李榮保曰莊愨。
  6. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 傅恆，字春和，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，孝賢純皇后弟也。
  7. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference 清國史館傳稿，5730號 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 訥親既無功，九月，命傅恆暫管川陝總督，經略軍務。尋授保和殿大學士，發京師及諸行省滿、漢兵三萬五千，以部庫及諸行省銀四百萬供軍儲，又出內帑十萬備犒賞。十一月，師行，上詣堂子告察，遣皇子及大學士來保等送至良鄉。
  9. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 傅恆既行，上日降手詔褒勉。傅恆互道陝西，言驛政不修誤軍興，上命協辦大學士尚書尹繼善攝陝西總督，主饋運。入四川境，馬不給，上又命尹繼善往來川、陝督察。旋以傅恆師行甚速，紀律嚴明，命議敘，部議加太子太傅，特命加太保。固辭，不允，發京師及山西、湖北馬七千佐軍。
  10. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 初，小金川土舍良爾吉間其兄澤旺於莎羅奔，奪其印，即烝於嫂阿扣。莎羅奔之犯邊也，良爾吉實從之，後詐降為賊諜。張廣泗入奸民王秋言，使領蠻兵，我師舉動，賊輒知之。傅恆途中疏請誅良爾吉等，將至軍，使副將馬良柱招良爾吉來迎，至邦噶山，正其罪，並阿扣、王秋悉誅之。事聞，上褒傅恆明斷，命拜前賜雙眼孔雀翎，毋更固辭。
  11. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 十月，至卡撒，以屯軍地狹隘，與賊相望，且雜處番民市肆中，乃相度移舊壘前，令總兵冶大雄監營壘。十四年正月，上疏言：「臣至軍，察用兵始末：當紀山進討之始，馬良柱轉戰而前，逾沃日收小金川直抵丹噶，其鋒甚銳。彼時張廣泗若速進師，賊備未嚴，殄滅尚易；乃坐失事機，宋宗璋宿留於雜穀，許應虎敗衄於的郊，賊得盡據險要，增碉備禦。訥親初至，督戰甚急，任舉敗沒，銳挫氣索，軍無鬥志，一以軍事委張廣泗。廣泗又為奸人所愚，專主攻碉。先後殺傷數千人，匿不以聞。臣惟攻碉最為下策，槍砲不能洞堅壁，於賊無所傷。賊不過數人，自暗擊明，槍不虛發。是我惟攻石，而賊實攻人。賊於碉外為濠，兵不能越，賊伏其中，自下擊上。其碉銳立，高於浮屠，建作甚捷，數日可成，旋缺旋補。且眾心甚固，碉盡碎而不去，砲方過而復起。客主勞佚，形勢迥殊，攻一碉難於克一城。即臣所駐卡撒，左右山巔三百餘碉，計日以攻，非數年不能盡。且得一碉輒傷數十百人，得不償失。兵法，攻堅則瑕者堅，攻瑕則堅者瑕。惟使賊失所恃，我兵乃可用其所長。擬俟諸軍大集，分道而進。別選銳師，旁探間道，裹糧直入，逾碉勿攻，繞出其後。番眾不多，外備既密，內守必虛。我兵既自捷徑深入，守者各懷內顧，人無固志，均可不攻自潰。卡撒為進噶拉依正道，嶺高溝窄，臣當親任其難。黨壩隘險，亦幾同卡撒，酌益新軍。兩道並進，直搗巢穴，取其渠魁。期四月間奏捷。
  12. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 上以金川非大敵...
  13. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 時傅恆及提督岳鍾琪決策深入，莎羅奔遣頭人乞降，傅恆令自縛詣軍門。莎羅奔復介綽斯甲等詣岳鍾琪乞貸死，鍾琪親入勒烏圍，挈莎羅奔及其子郎卡詣軍門。語詳鍾琪傳。傅恆遂受莎羅奔父子降，莎羅奔等焚香作樂，誓六事：無犯鄰比諸番，反其侵地，供役視諸土司，執獻諸酋抗我師者，還所掠內地民馬，納軍械槍砲，乃承製赦其罪。
  14. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 莎羅奔獻佛像一
  15. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 翌日，傅恆率師還。上優詔嘉獎，命用揚古利故事，賜豹尾槍二桿、親軍二名。三月，師至京師，命皇長子及裕親王等郊迎。上御殿受賀，行飲至禮。傅恆疏辭四團龍補服，上命服以入朝，復命用額亦都、佟國維故事，建宗祠，祀曾祖哈什屯以下，並追予李榮保諡，賜第東安門內，以詩落其成。
  16. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 十九年，準噶爾內亂，諸部台吉多內附。上將用兵，諮廷臣，惟傅恆贊其議。二十年，師克伊犁，俘達瓦齊以歸，諭再封一等公，傅恆固辭，至泣下，乃允之。尋圖功臣像紫光閣，上親制贊，仍以為冠，舉蕭何不戰居首功為比。
  17. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 二十一年四月，將軍策楞追捕阿睦爾撒納未獲，上命傅恆出視師，赴額林哈畢爾噶，集蒙古諸台吉飭軍事。傅恆行日，策楞疏至，已率兵深入，復召傅恆還。
  18. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 三十四年二月，傅恆師行，發京師及滿、蒙兵一萬三千六百人從征，上御太和殿賜敕，賚御用甲冑。四月，至騰越，傅恆決策，師循戛鳩江而進，大兵出江西，取道猛拱、猛養，直搗木梳，水師沿江順流下，水陸相應。偏師出江東取猛密，夾擊老官屯。往歲以避瘴，九月後進兵，緬甸得為備。傅恆互議先數十日出不意，攻其未備，水師當具舟。上初命阿里袞造舟濟師，阿里袞等言崖險澗窄不宜舟，傍江亦無造舟所。上又命三泰、傅顯往視，言與阿里袞等同。及傅恆至軍，諮土司頭人，知蠻暮有山曰翁古多木，旁有地曰野牛壩，野人所居，涼爽無瘴。即地伐木造舟，野人樂受值，執役甚謹。傅恆即使傅顯佐蒞事。舟成，督滿、漢兵並從行奴僕，更番轉搬。又得茂隆廠附近砲工，令範銅為砲。狀聞，輒降旨嘉獎，為賦造舟行焉。
  19. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 三三十四年二月，傅恆師行，發京師及滿、蒙兵一萬三千六百人從征，上御太和殿賜敕，賚御用甲冑。四月，至騰越，傅恆決策，師循戛鳩江而進，大兵出江西，取道猛拱、猛養，直搗木梳，水師沿江順流下，水陸相應。偏師出江東取猛密，夾擊老官屯。往歲以避瘴，九月後進兵，緬甸得為備。傅恆互議先數十日出不意，攻其未備，水師當具舟。上初命阿里袞造舟濟師，阿里袞等言崖險澗窄不宜舟，傍江亦無造舟所。上又命三泰、傅顯往視，言與阿里袞等同。及傅恆至軍，諮土司頭人，知蠻暮有山曰翁古多木，旁有地曰野牛壩，野人所居，涼爽無瘴。即地伐木造舟，野人樂受值，執役甚謹。傅恆即使傅顯佐蒞事。舟成，督滿、漢兵並從行奴僕，更番轉搬。又得茂隆廠附近砲工，令範銅為砲。狀聞，輒降旨嘉獎，為賦造舟行焉。
  20. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 傅恆初議自將九千三百人渡戛鳩而西，師未集，七月，將四千人發騰越。上以經略自將師寡，促諸軍速集如初議。八月，傅恆自南蚌趨戛鳩。奏至，上方行圍木蘭，入圍獲狍，畀福隆安以賜傅恆。傅恆道南底壩至允帽，臨戛鳩江，時猛拱大頭人脫猛烏猛、頭人賀丙等，詣傅恆請降。師至，脫猛烏猛將夾江諸夷寨頭人來迎，與賀丙具舟。傅恆命分兵徐濟，夾江為寨猛拱后土司渾覺亦請降，獻馴象四。上賚三眼孔雀翎，傅恆疏辭。師復進，取猛養，破寨四，誅頭人拉匿拉賽。設台站，令瑚爾起以七百人駐守。
  21. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 遂至南董幹，攻南準寨，獲頭人木波猛等三十五人。進次暮臘，再進次新街。傅恆自渡戛鳩江，未嘗與緬甸兵戰，刈禾為糧，行二千里不血刃，而士馬觸暑雨多疾病。會阿桂將萬餘人自虎踞關出野牛壩，造舟畢成，徵廣東、福建水師亦至，乃合軍並進。哈國興將水師，阿桂、阿里袞將陸師，阿桂出江東，阿里袞出江西。緬兵壘金沙江兩岸，又以舟師扼江口。阿桂先與緬兵遇，麾步兵發銃矢，又以騎兵陷陣，緬兵潰。哈國興督舟師乘風蹴敵，緬兵舟相擊，死者數千。阿里袞亦破西岸緬兵，傅恆以所獲纛進。上復為賦詩，阿里袞感瘴而病，改將水師，旋卒。十一月，傅恆復進攻老官屯，老官屯在金沙江東，東猛密，西猛墅，北猛拱、猛養，南緬都阿瓦，為水陸通衢。緬兵伐木立寨甚固，哈國興督諸軍力攻，未即克。師破東南木寨，緬兵夜自水寨出，傅恆令海蘭察御之，又令伊勒圖督舟師掩擊，復獲船纛。緬兵潛至江岸築壘，又自林箐中出，海蘭察擊之，屢有斬馘。
  22. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. 師久攻堅，士卒染瘴多物故，水陸軍三萬一千，至是僅存一萬三千。傅恆以入告，上命罷兵，召傅恆還京。傅恆俄亦病，阿桂以聞。上令即馳驛還，而以軍事付阿桂。
  23. ^ Zhao Erxun. 《清史稿·卷三百一·列傳八十八·傅恆》  – via Wikisource. "會緬甸酋懵駁遣頭人諾爾塔齎蒲葉書乞罷兵，傅恆奏入，上許其行成。傅恆附疏言：「用兵之始，眾以為難。臣執意請行，負委任，請從重治罪。」上手詔謂：「用兵非得已，如以為非是，朕當首任其過。皇祖時，吳三桂請撤籓，諮於群臣，議撤者惟米思翰、明珠數人。及三桂反，眾請誅議撤諸臣，皇祖深闢其非。朕仰紹祖訓，傅恆此事，可援以相比。傅恆收猛拱，當賜三眼孔雀翎，疏辭，俟功成拜賜。今既未克賊巢，當繳進賜翎，以稱其請罪之意。」懵駁遣頭人詣軍獻方物。
  24. ^ First elder sister of Consort Shu
  25. ^ married Qianlong Emperor's fourth daughter
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