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Eugene Parker Booze
Born(1878-07-14)July 14, 1878
Adams County, Mississippi, U.S.
DiedNovember 7, 1939(1939-11-07) (aged 61)
Greenville, Bolivar County, Mississippi, U.S.
EducationNatchez Junior College
Occupation(s)Businessman, planter, political organizer, Black community leader
Political partyRepublican
SpouseMary Cordelia Montgomery (m. 1901–1939; his death)
Children2
RelativesIsaiah Montgomery (father in-law)
Charles Banks (brother in-law)

Eugene Parker Booze (July 14, 1878 – November 7, 1939) was an American businessman, planter, political organizer, and Black community leader from Clarksdale, Mississippi and later Mound Bayou, Mississippi.[1][2] He was one of the wealthiest African American men in Mississippi at the time of his death. Booze was entangled in family drama during the last few years of his life which ended with his homicide. His former home, the Booze House (c. 1910), is part of the Mound Bayou Historic District. He also used the names E. P. Booze and Eugene Booze.

Early life and family

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Eugene Parker Booze was born on July 14, 1878, in Adams County, Mississippi. He was described as being light skinned, and being able to pass as White.[2] His older sister Trenma Ophelia Booze was married in 1893, to Charles Banks (1873–1923).[3][4] Booze attended Natchez Junior College, and apprenticed in merchandising and cotton trading.

He married Mary Cordelia Montgomery (later known as Mary Booze) in 1901, the daughter of the founder of Mound Bayou, Isaiah Thornton Montgomery.[4] Together they had two children.[5]

Career

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Bank of Mound Bayou, c. 1907
Bank of Mound Bayou, c. 1907

Booze was on the executive committee of the National Negro Business League in 1907, and 1910, representing Colorado Springs, Colorado.[6]

Booze and his brother in-law Charles Banks opened a mercantile business called Banks and Bro. in Clarksdale, Mississippi.[3]

Around 1903, Clark and Booze closed their mercantile and both moved to Mound Bayou, Mississippi.[3] Booze and Banks founded in 1904 the Bank of Mound Bayou, one of the first Black owned banks in the state.[7][8]

In 1909, Booze co-founded alongside Charles Banks the Farmer's Cooperative Mercantile Company in Mound Bayou, a store to sell affordable items to farmers.[9][4] The store remained open until 1922.[10]

Booze was a delegate at the 1924 Republican National Convention for the third district of Mound Bayou.[11] His wife, Mary Booze, served on the Republican National Committee, and was the first African American woman to do so.[12]

Booze owned extensive cotton lands, and was described at Mound Bayou's wealthiest citizen at the time of his death.[13] The Booze House (c. 1910), 308 West Main South, is part of the Mound Bayou Historic District.[14][15]

Later years and estate issues

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There was a Montgomery family feud over Isaiah Thornton Montgomery's estate after his death in 1924, Booze was the estate administrator.[16] Some of the Montgomery daughters charged that they were not given fair shares of the estate, and one of them Estella Montgomery unsuccessfully mounted a legal challenge.[17]

In 1927, Estella Montgomery charged that Booze and his wife Mary, and Mayor Benjamin A. Green, had participated in a plot to poison Isaiah Thornton Montgomery.[16] The case never went to trial because of a lack of evidence.[17]

Many citizens of Mound Bayou resented Booze for perceived subservience to the white Delta elite though he also brought some needed philanthropic improvements. He ran repeatedly for mayor but always lost. In his capacity as a Mississippi "Black and Tan" Republican notable, Booze maintained an active correspondence and cooperation with the NAACP and quietly pushed the national party to promote a more pro civil-rights stance.[17]

In October 1939, his sister-in-law Estella Montgomery attempted to enter Eugene's house in Mound Bayou (which was formerly her own father's house), this was her second attempt to enter, and she had been banned from entering by court order.[5] Eugene called the police and she resisted arrest, brandishing butcher knives. Estella was shot four times and killed by two deputies,[18] in what newspapers described as possible "foul play".[5][19]

Many citizens of Mound Bayou, including Mayor Benjamin A. Green, blamed Booze for his treatment of his sister-in-law, and demanded that he leave the community.[18] A few weeks later Booze was ambushed and shot multiple times on November 6, 1939, in Mound Bayou.[5][17][20][21] He died the next day in the hospital in Greenville, Mississippi.[5][20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Proceedings of the National Negro Business League: Its First Meeting Held in Boston, Massachusetts, August 23 and 24, 1900". National Negro Business League (U.S.). J. R. Hamm. February 11, 1901 – via Google Books.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ a b McMillen, Neil R. (1990). Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow. University of Illinois Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-252-06156-1.
  3. ^ a b c Jackson, Jr., David H. (July 10, 2017). "Banks, Charles". Mississippi Encyclopedia. Center for Study of Southern Culture. Retrieved 2025-04-19.
  4. ^ a b c Kranz, Rachel (2004). "Banks, Charles (1873–1923) banker, town developer, entrepreneur". African-American Business Leaders and Entrepreneurs. Infobase Publishing. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4381-0779-0.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Eugene Booze Dies of Wounds". McComb Daily Journal. November 8, 1939. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ "Executive Committee National Negro Business League; 1. J. B. Bell, Houston, Tex.; 2. S.E. Courtney, M.D., Boston, Mass.; 3. W. L. Taylor, Richmond, Va.; 4. T. Thomas Fortune, New York City, Chairman; 5. N.T. Velar, Brinton, Pa.; 6. J. C. Jackson, Lexington, Ky.; 7. M. M. Lewey, Pensacola, Fla.; 8. E. P. Booze, Colorado Springs, Col.; 9. S. A. Furniss, M.D., Indianapolis, Ind.; 10. John E. Bush, Little Rock, Ark.; 11. James C. Napier, Nashville, Tenn". NYPL Digital Collections.
  7. ^ Ingham, John N. (February 2000). Banks, Charles (25 March 1873–1923), banker and businessman. American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1001931.
  8. ^ Brown, Angela (April 23, 2022). "Remembering Mound Bayou: Mississippi's Black Wall Street". Our Mississippi Magazine. Archived from the original on 2025-06-22. Retrieved 2025-09-30.
  9. ^ Feldman, Lynne; Ingham, John N.; Feldman, Lynne B. (February 11, 1994). African-American Business Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313272530 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ Ingham, John N. (February 2000). Banks, Charles (25 March 1873–1923), banker and businessman. American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1001931.
  11. ^ "Negro Year Book". Negro Year Book Publishing Company. February 11, 1925. p. 245 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ Nowlin, William Felbert (February 11, 1970). The Negro in American National Politics. Russell & Russell. p. 75. ISBN 9780846213673 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ "Mississippi: Booze Is Dead". Time. November 20, 1939 – via content.time.com.
  14. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Mound Bayou Historic District" (PDF). September 11, 2013.
  15. ^ "Mound Bayou Historic District". National Register of Historic Places, Digital Archive on NPGallery.
  16. ^ a b "Mound Bayou Row Becoming Serious". Clarion-Ledger. August 6, 1927. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ a b c d Beito, David. "Freedom's Outpost: Mound Bayou and the Right for Free Expression in Jim Crow Mississippi, 1887–1941". Independent Institute.
  18. ^ a b Garrett-Scott, Shennette (2018). "Mary Cordelia Montgomery Booze". Part II: Black Women Suffragists. Introduction by Thomas Dublin and Kathryn Kish Sklar. Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press – via Alexander Street.
  19. ^ "Mound Bayou Founder's Daughter Slain After Leaving St. Louis; Hint Foul Play". The St. Louis Argus. October 6, 1939. p. 1, 12. Retrieved 2025-04-19 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ a b "Eugene Booze Fatally Wounded From Ambush". Detroit Tribune (obituary). November 11, 1939.
  21. ^ "Early Arrests in Slaying of Booze". The Shreveport Journal. November 8, 1939. p. 10. Retrieved 2025-04-19 – via Newspapers.com.
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  • Media related to Eugene Parker Booze at Wikimedia Commons
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