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Collared flycatcher

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Collared flycatcher
Adult male
The song of a male recorded in Slovakia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Muscicapidae
Genus: Ficedula
Species:
F. albicollis
Binomial name
Ficedula albicollis
(Temminck, 1815)
Range of F. albicollis
  Breeding
  Passage
  Non-breeding

The collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) is a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family, one of the four species of Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers. It breeds in southeast Europe (isolated populations are present in the islands of Gotland and Öland in the Baltic Sea, Sweden) and Eastern France to the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine and is migratory, wintering in Sub-Saharan Africa.[2] It is a rare vagrant in western Europe.

This is a 12–13.5 cm long bird. The breeding male is mainly black above and white below, with a white collar, large white wing patch, black tail (although some males have white tail sides) and a large white forehead patch. It has a pale rump. The bill is black and has the broad but pointed shape typical of aerial insectivores. As well as taking insects in flight, this species hunts caterpillars amongst the oak foliage, and will take berries.

Eggs, Collection Museum Wiesbaden

Non-breeding males, females and juveniles have the black replaced by a pale brown, and may be very difficult to distinguish from other Ficedula flycatchers, particularly the European pied flycatcher (F. hypoleuca) and the semicollared flycatcher (F. semitorquata), with which this species hybridizes to a limited extent.[3]

F. albicollis vis-a-vis F. hypoleuca are speciating from each other by reinforcement, as evidenced by differences between colouration in sympatry versus allopatry. This is evidence for speciation by reinforcement.[4]

They are birds of deciduous woodlands, parks and gardens, with a preference for old trees with cavities in which it nests. They build an open nest in a tree hole, or man-made nest-boxes. Normally 5-7 eggs are laid. The song is slow strained whistles, quite unlike the pied flycatcher. Pied flycatchers can mimic the song of the collared flycatcher in sympatric populations.[5]

The genus name is from Latin and refers to a small fig-eating bird (ficus, "fig") supposed to change into the blackcap in winter. The specific albicollis is from Latin albus, white, and collum, "neck".[6]

The collared flycatcher is used as a model species in both ecology and genetics and it was one of the first birds that had its full genome sequenced.[7] Repeated spectrometric data taken from male Collared Flycatchers has revealed that plumage reflectance should be measured during courtship, the primary period of sexual signalling, with spectral traits declining over the breeding season.[8]

In a natural population of F. albicollis inbreeding appeared to be rare, but when it did occur it had severe negative consequences for fitness characteristics such as hatching success rate.[9]

Range expansion and hybridisation with F. hypoleuca on Öland, Sweden

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In the 1960s,[10] collared flycatchers expanded their breeding range northward, colonizing the Swedish island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. This expansion, a response to climate change,[11] brought them into sympatry with the European Pied Flycatcher. The breeding population dynamics and hybridization between these two species have been monitored on the island since 2002, giving scientists the rare opportunity to study life-history traits, hybridization, climate adaptation, and speciation.[10][12][13][14][15]

On Öland, the socially dominant collared flycatcher, which rely heavily on high-quality habitat, have displaced most European Pied Flycatcher to poorer breeding habitats.[16] Although hybridization occurs in approximately 4% of the population, there is a strong selection against hybrids.[17] The resulting F1 hybrids of both sexes have lower fitness and are sterile: females experience hatching failure, while males suffer from impaired sperm morphology.[18][19]

References

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  1. ^ BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Ficedula albicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22709315A155539425. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22709315A155539425.en. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  2. ^ Briedis, M.; Hahn, S.; Gustafsson, L.; Henshaw, I.; Träff, J.; Král, M.; Adamík, P. (2016). "Breeding latitude leads to different temporal but not spatial organization of the annual cycle in a long-distance migrant". Journal of Avian Biology. 47 (6): 743–748. doi:10.1111/jav.01002.
  3. ^ Veen, Thor; Borge, Thomas; Griffith, Simon C.; Saetre, Glenn-Peter; Bures, Stanislav; Gustafsson, Lars; Sheldon, Ben C. (May 2001). "Hybridization and adaptive mate choice in flycatchers". Nature. 411 (6833): 45–50. Bibcode:2001Natur.411...45V. doi:10.1038/35075000. PMID 11333971. S2CID 4415443.
  4. ^ Noor, Mohamed A F (1999). "Reinforcement and other consequences of sympatry". Heredity. 83 (5). The Genetics Society (Nature): 503–508. Bibcode:1999Hered..83..503N. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6886320. ISSN 0018-067X. PMID 10620021.
  5. ^ Haavie, J.; Borge, T.; Bures, S.; Garamszegi, L. Z.; Lampe, H. M.; Moreno, J.; Qvarnström, A.; Török, J.; Saetre, G.-P. (2004-01-29). "Flycatcher song in allopatry and sympatry - convergence, divergence and reinforcement". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 17 (2): 227–237. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2003.00682.x. hdl:10067/1032470151162165141. PMID 15009256. S2CID 39765035.
  6. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 38, 167. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4..
  7. ^ Ellegren, Hans; Smeds, Linnéa; Burri, Reto; Olason, Pall I.; Backström, Niclas; Kawakami, Takeshi; Künstner, Axel; Mäkinen, Hannu; Nadachowska-Brzyska, Krystyna (24 October 2012). "The genomic landscape of species divergence in Ficedula flycatchers". Nature. 491 (7426): 756–760. Bibcode:2012Natur.491..756E. doi:10.1038/nature11584. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 23103876.
  8. ^ Hegyi, G.; Laczi, M.; Boross, N.; Jablonsky, M.; Kötél, D.; Krenhardt, K.; Markó, M.; Nagy, G.; Rosivall, B.; Szász , E.; Garamszegi, L.Z.; Török, J. (2019). "When to measure plumage reflectance: a lesson from Collared Flycatchers Ficedula albicollis". Ibis. 161 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1111/ibi.12648.
  9. ^ Kruuk, Loeske E. B.; Sheldon, Ben C.; Merilä, Juha (2002-08-07). "Severe inbreeding depression in collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis)". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 269 (1500): 1581–1589. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2049. PMC 1691074. PMID 12184828.
  10. ^ a b Qvarnström, Anna; Rice, Amber M.; Ellegren, Hans (2010-06-12). "Speciation in Ficedula flycatchers". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 365 (1547): 1841–1852. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0306. PMC 2871891. PMID 20439285.
  11. ^ B., Huntley; E., Green, Rhys; C., Collingham, Yvonne; G., Willis, Stephen (2007-12-31). "A climatic atlas of European breeding birds". Archived from the original on 2024-11-07. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Qvarnström, Anna; Svedin, Nina; Wiley, Chris; Veen, Thor; Gustafsson, Lars (2005-03-22). "Cross-fostering reveals seasonal changes in the relative fitness of two competing species of flycatchers". Biology Letters. 1 (1): 68–71. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0265. PMC 1629061. PMID 17148130.
  13. ^ Qvarnström, Anna; Wiley, Chris; Svedin, Nina; Vallin, Niclas (2009). "Life-history divergence facilitates regional coexistence of competing Ficedula flycatchers". Ecology. 90 (7): 1948–1957. Bibcode:2009Ecol...90.1948Q. doi:10.1890/08-0494.1. ISSN 1939-9170. PMID 19694142.
  14. ^ Qvarnström, Anna; Ålund, Murielle; McFarlane, S. Eryn; Sirkiä, Päivi M. (2016). "Climate adaptation and speciation: particular focus on reproductive barriers in Ficedula flycatchers". Evolutionary Applications. 9 (1): 119–134. Bibcode:2016EvApp...9..119Q. doi:10.1111/eva.12276. ISSN 1752-4571. PMC 4780377. PMID 27087843.
  15. ^ Sirkiä, Päivi M.; McFarlane, S. Eryn; Jones, William; Wheatcroft, David; Ålund, Murielle; Rybinski, Jakub; Qvarnström, Anna (February 2018). "Climate-driven build-up of temporal isolation within a recently formed avian hybrid zone". Evolution. 72 (2): 363–374. doi:10.1111/evo.13404. hdl:10138/328208. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 29214649.
  16. ^ Vallin, Niclas; Rice, Amber M.; Arntsen, Hanna; Kulma, Katarzyna; Qvarnström, Anna (2012-07-01). "Combined effects of interspecific competition and hybridization impede local coexistence of Ficedula flycatchers". Evolutionary Ecology. 26 (4): 927–942. Bibcode:2012EvEco..26..927V. doi:10.1007/s10682-011-9536-0. ISSN 1573-8477.
  17. ^ Svedin, Nina; Wiley, Chris; Veen, Thor; Gustafsson, Lars; Qvarnström, Anna (2008-01-23). "Natural and sexual selection against hybrid flycatchers". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1635): 735–744. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0967. PMC 2596841. PMID 18211878.
  18. ^ Ålund, Murielle; Immler, Simone; Rice, Amber M.; Qvarnström, Anna (2013-06-23). "Low fertility of wild hybrid male flycatchers despite recent divergence". Biology Letters. 9 (3): 20130169. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0169. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 3645050. PMID 23576780.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  19. ^ Ålund, Murielle; Marzal, J Carolina Segami; Zhu, Yishu; Menon, P Navaneeth Krishna; Jones, William; Qvarnström, Anna (2024-02-01). Taylor, Scott; Connallon, Tim (eds.). "Tracking hybrid viability across life stages in a natural avian contact zone". Evolution. 78 (2): 267–283. doi:10.1093/evolut/qpad204. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 37952134.
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