Queenstown (Tasmanien)
Vorlage:TasmanianTowns WestCoast Queenstown is a town on the West Coast of the island of Tasmania, Australia. It had a population of 2,200 people as of 2003.
History
Historically it was a mining town. The mountainous area was first explored in 1862. It was long after that when alluvial gold was discovered at Mount Lyell, prompting the formation of the Mount Lyell Gold Mining Company in 1881. In 1892, the mine began searching for copper. The final name of the Mt Lyell company was the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company.
In the 1900s, Queenstown was the centre of the Mount Lyell mining district and had numerous smelting works, brick-works, and sawmills. The area at the time was finely wooded. The population in 1900 was 5051; the district, 10,451.
The town was the base of the Queenstown council up until amalgamation with other west coast councils in the 1990's. The town in its heyday had a collection of hotels, churches and schools that have all significantly reduced since the demise of the Mt Lyell company.
For a brief period in the 1980's during the building of dams by the Hydro (to compensate for the loss of the Lower Gordon scheme due to the No Dams campaign) there was a brief reprieve for the town. However since then businesses have closed down and facilities reduced. The rebuilt Abt Railway has not significantly increased the towns prosperity to date, however renewed mining and mining exploration activity in the region has helped
Ecology
The mountains surrounding Queenstown have unusual pink and grey hues that come from the conglomerate rocks on the two most adjacent mountains - Mount Lyell and Mount Owen.
Due to a combination of tree removal for use in the smelters, the smelter fumes (for about 40 years), and the heavy annual rainfall, the erosion of the shallow horizon topsoil back to the harder rock profile contributed to the stark state of the mountains for many decades.
Typical of the successions that occur in fire affected areas in Western Tasmania, the low shrubbery that has revegetated adjacent to hillside creeks is a very early stage of a long recovery for the ecology of the region.
Some concern by local residents in the 1980's and since, that the low level succession of plants might affect the stark 'moonscape' appearance of the southern parts of Mount Lyell, and northern Mount Owen. Although there are still large areas incapable of sustaining regrowth due to the acute slopes and lack of soil formation, the rate of vegetation recovery will render the mythologies arising from the appearance as only partial truths in time.
The Queen River was for most of the history of the Mount Lyell company the recipient of mining effluent and the Queenstown sewage - which then continued into the King River and consequently the Macquarie Harbour. There have been remediation schemes that have since removed the mining waste and local waste from the river.
Current conditions
Today, the town and district attracts significant numbers of tourists, on either organised tours or the hire car 'circuit' around Tasmania. Some features continue to fascinate tourists, either the mountains, the slag heap or the solid rock football ground. There are significant opportunities to catch glimpses of the towns past at the local museum, and simply by driving up Orr Street, the old main street now with closed pubs and the dominant Post Office tower.
Although the mining operation at the original Mount Lyell mine continues, it is at a much reduced rate. Exploration continues within the West Coast region for further economic mineral deposits, and due to the complexity of the geology, there is no doubt that new mines will open in time. The Henty River Gold mine is a good example of this.
Queenstown is the terminus of the West Coast Wilderness Railway, which travels southwards alongside the Queen River, and then along the northern slopes of the King River to the port of Strahan in Macquarie Harbour.
External links
- http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=TAS®ion=119&view=107#a - useful details of the hotels of the main street.
- http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/wha/wherein/detail.html - context of position with World Heritage Area
References
- Blainey, Geoffrey: The Peaks of Lyell. 6th ed. St. David's Park Publishing, Hobart 2000, ISBN 0-7246-2265-9.
- Whitham, Charles: Western Tasmania - A land of riches and beauty. Reprint 2003 Auflage. Municipality of queenstown, queenstown, ISBN 09591281 Vorlage:Please check ISBN.