19. Jahrhundert
17. Jahrhundert - 18. Jahrhundert - 19. Jahrhundert - 20. Jahrhundert - 21. Jahrhundert (weitere Jahrhunderte)
Ereignisse
- The Little Ice Age ended.
- Napoleon conquers much of Europe, is ultimately defeated (1814); some old European regimes are restored, others not.
- Final phase of the Industrial Revolution, including Rail Transport, telegraph, and telephone.
- Discovery of the relationships between magnetism and electricity and light by Hans Christian Ørsted and James Maxwell. See History of Science and Technology.
- Mass migration from Europe to the United States.
- Political revolution and constitutional reform across Europe severely limits powers of monarchs, advances democracy.
- Gold discovered in Australia and throughout the west of the United States, leading to huge increases in national wealth and encouraging mass migration of free settlers there.
- Slavery ended in British colonies and in America. See American Civil War. End of global slave trade enforced by British navy.
- Charles Darwin revolutionizes biology with his theories of evolution, 1858.
- Europeans conquer and colonize large parts of Africa and Asia.
- Karl Marx writes the Communist Manifesto, encouraging workers to revolt against owners.
- Meiji Restoration in 1868 opens Japan to modern influences and returns the emperor to power.
- Germany and Italy are formed as nations.
- Railroads make fast mass transit available to many. First Transcontinental Railroad finished in 1869 linking east to west in the United States.
- The electric telegraph and undersea cables make instant global communication possible for the first time.
- Postage Stamps introduced in Great Britain and soon thereafter, in many other countries.
- Manufactured goods become widely availible by mail order
Persönlichkeiten
- Ludwig van Beethoven, Komponist
- Otto von Bismarck, deutscher Reichskanzler
- Napoleon Bonaparte, Französischer Kaiser
- Charles Darwin, Biologe
- Charles Dickens, Schriftsteller
- Benjamin Disraeli, Schriftsteller und Politiker
- Thomas Alva Edison, Erfinder
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Dichter
- Victor Hugo, Schriftsteller
- Abraham Lincoln, Amerikanischer Präsident
- Karl Marx, politischer Philosoph
- Friedrich Nietzsche, deutscher Philosoph
- Louis Pasteur, Biologe
- Edgar Allan Poe , Schriftsteller
- Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens), Schriftsteller
Erfindungen und Entdeckungen
- Automobil
- Elektrisches Licht
- Film
- Phonograph
- Photographie
- Maschinengewehr?!? (Repetition rifle)
- Eisenbahn
- Dampfschiff
- Telegraph
- Telephon
Jahrzehnte und Jahre