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Warrandyte

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Vorlage:Infobox Australian Place

Warrandyte is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 24 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Manningham. At the 2006 Census, Warrandyte had a population of 7393.

Warrandyte is bounded in the west by Mullum Creek and Target Road, in the north by the Yarra River, in the east by Jumping Creek and Anzac Road, and in the south by an irregular line from Reynolds Road north of Donvale, Park Orchards and Warrandyte South.

Warrandyte was founded as a Victorian town located in the once gold-rich rolling hills east of Melbourne, Victoria, and is now on the north-eastern boundary of suburban Melbourne. Gold was first discovered in the town in 1851 and together with towns like Bendigo, Victoria and Ballarat, Victoria, led the way in gold discoveries during the Victorian gold rush. Today Warrandyte retains much of its past in its surviving buildings of the Colonial period and remains a twin community with North Warrandyte which borders the Yarra River to its north.

Today the town and suburb is well known for its residents' positive attitude towards the environment. Conservation programs run regularly and areas of land small and large have been set aside for conservation or ecological restoration purposes. The Warrandyte Festival is held every year in mid March, a parade, live music, food and shopping stalls and kids activities are some of the things that can be seen at the festival, which is one of the last remaining volunteer-run festivals in Victoria.

Etymology

In Australian Aboriginal mythology (see dreamtime), a Wurundjeri dreamtime story tells of a great eagle; "the all powerful, ever watchful creator of the world" named Bunjil, who "once gazed down upon his people from the star Altair and saw their wrong doing. Awaiting their return, with a mighty crash of thunder, he hurled down a star to destroy them". Where the star struck created a gorge in which much of the town today is located. Bunjil's people remembered the spot, and referred to it as Warrandyte speculated to mean "that which is thrown". [1]

History

Pre European Settlement

The area was originally occupied by one or more clans of the Wurundjeri, Indigenous Australians of the Kulin nation, who spoke variations of the Woiwurrung language group. Warrandyte was an important place to them as the geology formed a natural gorge which inspired many of the Wurundjeri dreamtime stories, such as those associated with Bunjil. They managed the land sustainably for tens of thousands of years. One example of this can be found in the tradition whereby neighbouring clans agreed to cease fishing in the Yarra River once fish populations became low; this gave the fish the opportunity to repopulate the area and prevented the human-induced extinction of any species. This principle was also applied to hunting and gathering on land and the use of trees.

Gold Discovery & Mining

Datei:Warrandyte Quarry.JPG
A quarry in Warrandyte, once used to mine stone for buildings and structures during the gold rush era.

In 1851, gold was first discovered in Victoria in Warrandyte at Anderson's Creek by Louis Michel, the approximate location of the site is marked by a cairn on Fourth Hill in the Warrandyte State Park.[2] This marked the start of the Victorian gold rush, however more substantial discoveries in the Ballarat and Bendigo region initially drew prospectors away from Warrandyte. While some mining did occur in the area throughout the peak of the gold rush, it wasn't until the late 1800s, after gold discoveries reduced in the more popular regions, that the area around Warrandyte was intensively mined, particularly around Fourth Hill and Whipstick Gully. Some areas continued to be mined up until the 1960s. Warrandyte Post Office opened on 1 August 1857. [3]

Throughout Warrandyte the river shows signs of being exploited during this time, a classic example being the tunnel at Pound Bend. The river was partially dammed at Pound Bend near Normans Reserve at its eastern entrance and near Bob's wetlands at its western exit. Miners then blasted a 300m long tunnel through solid rock. The river was then fully dammed at the entrance and exit to the tunnel and water was diverted through 300m and out the other side leaving 3.85km of riverbed around Pound Bend exposed, ready to be mined.

Artists' Colony

In the very late 19th and early 20th centuries, Warrandyte became a popular destination for artists of the Heidelberg School who sought subject matter further into the bush. This led to the development of an artists camp and small colony. Though not as substantial as other colonies such as Heidelberg, Montsalvat and Box Hill, several artists, such as Clara Southern, who was associated with the Heidelberg School, was one of the first to take up residence at Warrandyte. Others followed, including Penleigh Boyd and Jo Sweatman.

Potters' Cottage

In 1958, a group of potters looking for a way of exhibiting and selling their wares, opened the Potters’ Cottage in a small miner’s hut near the Warrandyte bridge. The founding members were Artur Halpern, Reg Preston, Phyl Dunn, Gus McLaren and Charles Wilton. Sylvia Halpern, Kate Janeeba and Elsa Ardern, joined the group in 1961 after the cottage had moved to a farmhouse at the corner of Jumping Creek and Ringwood-Warrandyte roads. The last member of the group was Peter Laycock, who joined in 1969. The cottage continued to operate until 2005.

The Bridge

Datei:Warrandyte Bridge.JPG
The Warrandyte Bridge, built mid 1950s

Warrandyte has always had some form of river crossing at the site of its current bridge. Before the time of bridges, punts were used to cross the Yarra River into North Warrandyte. Prior to the construction of the Upper Yarra Dam, heavy downpours led to flood waters that washed away Warrandyte's punt downstream into Templestowe, whose residents then decided to use it to cross the Yarra at the present day site of the Swingbridge near Oddesey House. The first bridge was built in Warrandyte in 1861 after much lobbying by residents. The majority of funding came from the government, with the difference made up by residents of Warrandye and North Warrandyte. Built entirely out of local timber, the bridge was located 5mi east of the current bridge and stood for 90 years until the mid 1950s saw the current bridge constructed from new materials in Australia at the time: concrete and iron.

Bushfires

Major bushfires have swept through Warrandyte throughout history, and the town was at the centre of the Black Friday bushfires in 1939, in which 71 people lost their lives. Many examples of colonial architecture have been destroyed by bushfires, however, there are still a few original buildings that survive to this day. Recent attempts by the Warrandyte CFA at backburning sections of bushland to minimise fuel for fires during the bushfire season have contributed to the town being well prepared if a major fire does take hold in the area. Warrandyte residents are constantly aware of the risk bushfires pose to the area and most are well prepared with evacuation plans and bushfire preparations.Also the Black Sataurday fires in Kinglake were 15 minutes away from North Warrandyte,residents in Somers Road were interviewed by the Herald Sun. in Major bushfires to have swept through Warrandyte include:

  • 1851 - February 6 "Black Thursday"
  • 1939 - January 13 "Black Friday"
  • 1962 - January 14-16

Geography

Pound bend tunnel was created by gold miners during the gold rush to divert the Yarra River.

Warrandyte is situated on the southern banks of the Yarra River. The river and hills surrounding the town were once rich in gold, and the ruins of mineshafts and tunnels can be found throughout the Warrandyte State Park amongst other locations. While the central town itself is nestled into a gorge on the river, the suburb covers a reasonably large area of land and can be divided up into the following sections:

Central Warrandyte & The Yarra

Central Warrandyte comprises the main street of Ringwood-Warrandyte Road and Heidelberg-Warrandyte Road (Yarra Street), Pound bend and the southern banks of the Yarra River. This is sometimes referred to as central Warrandyte or the "town", in contrast to the suburbs extending to the south and west.

Around Andersons Creek

Andersons Creek flows from neighbouring South Warrandyte and Warranwood into the Yarra just before the beginning of Pound Bend. This area is where several gullies converge and create a geographical hole with Fourth Hill to the east and the hills on the eastern banks of the Mullum Mullum Creek to the west. This becomes evident when driving through Warrandyte on Heidelberg-Warrandyte Road, as the hills guide the road down towards Andersons Creek.

The Eastern banks of the Mullum Mullum Creek

The Eastern banks of the Mullum Mullum Creek were home to vast orchards overflowing from neighbouring East Doncaster and as a result, much of the vegetation has been cleared. Today the area is covered in large residential properties due to local council regulations allowing land to be subdivided into larger sites. Further south from here, Aumann's Orchard can be found, one of the last surviving operational orchards in the area.

Vast areas of land around Warrandyte are governed by Parks Victoria or are privately owned such as Longridge Farm. These areas contain dense populations of many different varieties of Eucalyptus Trees.

Warrandyte is home to or borders the following rivers and creeks: [2]

Some geographical features that can be found in Warrandyte include: [2]

  • Harris Gully
  • Beauty Gully
  • Fourth Hill
  • Pound Bend
  • Pound Bend Tunnel
  • The Island
  • Black Flat
  • Whipstick Gully
  • Specimen Gully

Ecology

The vegetation in the area was almost entirely cleared during the late 19th century, mostly for agriculture, housing and for mining purposes. The threat of bushfires, several of which destroyed parts of or the entire town, the distance from Melbourne and later, the establishment of the green wedge, halted any large scale development throughout the 20th century. This enabled the native vegetation to regenerate and much of what is seen today was grown back since the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Transportation

Non-native trees allongside the main street in Warrandyte during autumn.

Warrandyte is serviced primarily by the private car, however a bus service is run by the Ventura (formerly the National) bus company along the main roads of Ringwood-Warrandyte Road (route number: Vorlage:MetlinkBus & Vorlage:MetlinkBus) and Heidelberg-Warrandyte Road (Yarra Street) (route numbers: Vorlage:MetlinkBusOcc, Vorlage:MetlinkBusOcc, Vorlage:MetlinkBusOcc, 155-6 Vorlage:MetlinkBus, 304, 364 Vorlage:MetlinkBus, Vorlage:MetlinkBus). The service interchanges at the bridge (route numbers: 155-6, 159, 201Occ, 304, 305Occ & 308Occ). These two roads service the suburb by car as well as bus. Traffic flowing through Warrandyte usually contains residents traveling from or to East Doncaster, Wonga Park, North Warrandyte and Park Orchards, however, due to Warrandyte's geographical position, it can at times be used to travel to and from suburbs further away.

Peak hour traffic always flows to and from west and south of Warrandyte along its main roads, this traffic is either trying to get out of surrounding suburbs or to the Eastern Freeway.

Major local roads in Warrandyte include: [2]

  • Reynolds Road
  • Tindals Road
  • Beauty Gully Road
  • Harris Gully Road
  • Gold Memorial Road
  • Pound Road
  • Webb Street
  • Jumping Creek Road
  • Yarra Street

Community

Datei:Cockatoos1.JPG
Cockatoos at the Stonehouse Cafe in Warrandyte.

Warrandyte is well known for its residents' positive attitude towards the environment. Conservation programs run regularly and areas of land small and large have been set aside for conservation or environmental restoration purposes. In homage to this community spirit, the Warrandyte Festival, one of the last remaining volunteer-run festivals in Victoria, is held every year in mid March. Typically, the festival features a variety of attractions. Many stalls sell local produce or crafts, and there are numerous historical exhibits, as well as safety demonstrations by the CFA. A variety of live music stages are set up, with stages specifically catering for youth bands from the community. The festival parade is a feature of the festival, with bands, community orientated groups and schools all partaking in a morning march through the town.

Warrandyte contains a general post office, tennis courts, a community centre, an RSL, several Bed and Breakfasts, restaurants, a police station, a CFA Fire Station, two kindergartens, two recreational ovals (AFL Football and Cricket), Warrandyte Community Church, Uniting and Anglican places of worship, Andersons Creek Cemetery and a Scout hall, canoe launching ramps, a skatepark, nurseries and tearooms and the Crystal Brook Holiday Centre. [2]

An Early Victorian house of the late 1800s, converted into a shop, on Yarra Street, Warrandyte.

Educational Facilities in Warrandyte: [2]

Shopping Strips & Centres in Warrandyte:

  • Goldfields Plaza
  • Street Shops either side of the Main Roads around the Bridge

Parklands & Recreation

Many people who live outside of Warrandyte travel to the suburb to partake in different recreational activities, as well as its residents. These include walking, bike riding, mountain biking, tennis, basketball, football (AFL), cricket, swimming in the Yarra River, canoeing, kayaking, skateboarding and bushwalking among many others.

Parks, Gardens and Reserves in Warrandyte: [2]

  • Warrandyte State Park (including Pound Bend, Fourth Hill, Black Flat, Mount Lofty and other areas)
  • Pound Bend Reserve
  • Stiggants Reserve
  • Warrandyte Reserve/Taroona Reserve (Home to the Warrandyte Cricket Club, Warrandyte The Bloods Football Club competing in the Eastern Football League [4]and Junior Football Clubs and Warrandyte Netball Club)
  • Longridge Farm
  • Alexander Reserve
  • Currawong Bush Park (Environment Centre & Wildlife Enclosure)
  • Wildflower Reserve
  • Andersons Creek Streamside Reserve

External Resources & Further Reading

Vorlage:Mapit-AUS-suburbscale

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist


Vorlage:City of Manningham suburbs

  1. ↑ Warrandyte Diary, Number 389, August 2006."
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Melway Edition 33 2006 (Pages 22,23,24,34,35 & 36) Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag. Der Name „Melways“ wurde mehrere Male mit einem unterschiedlichen Inhalt definiert.
  3. ↑ Vorlage:Citation
  4. ↑ Vorlage:Citation
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