Zum Inhalt springen

Hurrikan Howard (2004)

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Dies ist eine alte Version dieser Seite, zuletzt bearbeitet am 1. März 2009 um 21:03 Uhr durch Cyclonebiskit (Diskussion | Beiträge) (added image). Sie kann sich erheblich von der aktuellen Version unterscheiden.

Vorlage:Infobox Hurricane Hurricane Howard was a powerful Category 4 hurricane which produced large swells along the coasts of Baja California and southern California. The eighth named storm of the 2004 Pacific hurricane season, Howard originated out of a tropical wave off the coast of Mexico on August 30. Traveling towards the northwest, the storm gradually strengthened, becoming a hurricane on September 1 and reaching its peak intensity the following day with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). Decreasing sea surface temperatures caused the storm to weaken shortly after. By September 4, Howard was downgraded to a tropical storm. The next day, it degenerated into a non-convective remnant low pressure area which persisted for another five days before dissipating over open waters.

Although the storm never made landfall, the fringe effects of the storm produced significant flooding across the Baja California peninsula which damaged dozens of homes and agricultural land. Howard also produced large swells which reached 18 ft (5.4 m) along the Baja coastline and 10 ft (3 m) along the California coastline. About 1,000 life guard rescues took place in California due to the waves. Moisture from the storm also enhanced rainfall in parts of Arizona, leading to minor accumulations.

Meteorological history

Vorlage:Storm path Hurricane Howard began as a tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on August 18. The wave moved across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea with little associated convection. By August 26, the wave produced disorganized convection as it moved through the western Caribbean, across Central America, and entered the eastern Pacific Ocean. Paralleling the southern coast of Mexico, the wave became increasingly organized and it was estimated that the tropical wave spawned a tropical depression around 1200 UTC on August 30 about 400 mi (645 km) south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico.[1] Classified as Tropical Depression Eleven-E, the system tracked west-northwestward under the steering currents of a weak mid-level ridge.[2] In the hours after formation, the depression lacked a concentration of deep convection near the center. Conditions favored development, including warm sea surface temperatures and low amounts of wind shear.[3]

Based on increased organization and the formation of banding features,[4] it was estimated that the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Howard at 0000 UTC on August 31.[1] A mid-level anticyclone located over southern California was steering the storm towards the northwest.[5] Early the next day, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) stated that Howard had an 80 percent chance of undergoing rapid intensification based on further development of the storm and a highly favorable environment around the cyclone.[6] Based on the formation of an eye feature,[7] the NHC upgraded Howard to a hurricane early on September 1 while located about 420 mi (675 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima.[1] Later that day, the eye of Howard became apparent on satellite imagery,[8] which organized into a pinhole eye surrounded by a ring of symmetric, deep convection.[9] At this time, Howard was upgraded to a major hurricane—a storm with winds of 111 mph (178 km/h) or higher. Shortly after, the cyclone reached its peak intensity as a low-end Category 4 hurricane with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h).[1]

Hurricane Howard weakening on September 3

Not long after reaching peak intensity, the storm moved over cooler waters, causing the eyewall to deteriorate and cloud tops to warm.[10] The next day, the eye of Howard disappeared from satellite imagery,[11] leading to the cyclone being downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane.[1] Continued deterioration of the system caused rapid weakening,[12] with Howard being downgraded to a tropical storm by 1200 UTC on September 4.[1] Convection associated with the storm was separated from the center later that day.[13] Early on September 5, Howard was further downgraded to a tropical depression and later degenerated into a non-convective remnant low pressure area about 265 mi (425 km) west-southwest of Punta Eugenia, Mexico. The remnants of the hurricane continued towards the northeast before turning towards the southwest the following day. The low continued in this general direction until it dissipated on September 10 about 1,150 mi (1,850 km) west of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.[1]

Impact

Because Howard remained away from land no tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued. One ship, the Strong Virginian, reported sustained winds 42 mph (68 km/h) at 0600 UTC on September 4.[1] Along the Baja California peninsula, 16–18 ft (4.8–5.4 m) swells were reported.[14] Heavy rains in the the mountainous areas of Baja California produced flooding which washed out several roads in San José del Cabo. All ships were required to remain at port due to the rough seas.[15] The rains did help increase water levels in some reservoirs in Baja California.[16] An estimated 2,000 hectares of agricultural land was damaged by the storm and 48 households were damaged throughout four communities. State and federal authorities purchased temporary homes for those who needed shelter in the affected areas.[17] The State Civil Protection in Mexico provided rehabilitation for a total of 393 homes affected by Howard.[18]

Large swells produced by the storm resulted in about 1,000 life guard rescues in Orange County, California.[19] High temperatures in southern California, reaching 100°F (37.7°C) in places,[20] and cool ocean temperatures led to an estimated 575,000 people going to beaches during the Labor Day weekend. One incident required 25 rescues as dozens of people were being overcome by 8–10 ft (2.4–3 m) waves.[19] Officials in San Bernardino County advised residents to take precautions for the possibility of flooding as a result of moisture from the remnants of Howard. Following wildfires in 2003, foothills were highly susceptible to flooding. Residents were advised to have sandbags ready, ensure their emergency supplies were stocked and have an evacuation plan.[21] The moisture was also enhanced rainfall across portions of Arizona.[22] However, only minor accumulations were recorded throughout the state.[23]

Due to the lack of any major impact, the name Howard was not retired, and it is scheduled to be reused for the eighth named storm of the 2010 Pacific hurricane season. Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone naming follows the same scheme as the North Atlantic, but with its own lists. The current naming system was introduced a year earlier than the Atlantic system, when List IV was used anomalously in 1978, but List I was used in 1979 in parallel with that in the Atlantic.[24]

See also

Vorlage:Tcportal

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Vorlage:2004 Pacific hurricane season buttons [[Category:Category 4 Pacific hurricanes]] [[Category:2004 Pacific hurricane season]] [[Category:Pacific hurricanes in Mexico]] [[Category:California hurricanes]]

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Jack Beven: Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Howard. (PDF) National Hurricane Center, 13. Dezember 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  2. ↑ Berg and Pasch: Tropical Depression Eleven-E Discussion One. National Hurricane Center, 30. August 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  3. ↑ Sisko, Stewart, and Jarvinen: Tropical Depression Eleven-E Discussion Two. National Hurricane Center, 31. August 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  4. ↑ Roberts and Beven: Tropical Storm Howard Discussion Three. National Hurricane Center, 31. August 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  5. ↑ Manielli and Pasch: Tropical Storm Howard Discussion Five. National Hurricane Center, 31. August 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  6. ↑ Jarvinen: Tropical Storm Howard Discussion Six. National Hurricane Center, 1. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  7. ↑ Jarvinen: Hurricane Howard Discussion Seven. National Hurricane Center, 1. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  8. ↑ Pasch: Hurricane Howard Discussion Nine. National Hurricane Center, 1. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  9. ↑ Jarvinen: Hurricane Howard Discussion Eleven. National Hurricane Center, 2. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  10. ↑ Roberts and Pasch: Hurricane Howard Discussion Thirteen. National Hurricane Center, 2. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  11. ↑ Pasch and Holweg: Hurricane Howard Discussion Seventeen. National Hurricane Center, 3. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  12. ↑ Jarvinen: Hurricane Howard Discussion Nineteen. National Hurricane Center, 4. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  13. ↑ Roberts and Pasch: Hurricane Howard Discussion Twenty. National Hurricane Center, 4. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  14. ↑ Yi-Wyn Yen: The Perfect Storms. Sports Illustrated, 13. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  15. ↑ Jim Tolbert: Rainy Weather Knocks Out Sport fishing for La Playita Pangas. The Baja Catch, 5. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2004.
  16. ↑ Vorlage:Es icon Javier Gonzáles Primitivo: Aumentan los niveles de agua en presas. El Siglo de Torreón, 4. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  17. ↑ Vorlage:Es icon Luciano Garcia Valenzuela: Decretan alerta por “Howard”. El Siglo de Durango, 4. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  18. ↑ Vorlage:Es icon Staff Writer: Apoyaran Para Rehabilitar Viviendas. Navajoa, 9. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  19. ↑ a b NCDC: Event Report. National Climatic Data Center, 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  20. ↑ NCDC: Event Report. National Climatic Data Center, 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  21. ↑ Imran Ghori: Holiday Brings Flood Warnings. The Press-Enterprise, 3. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  22. ↑ Chuck George: Rainy Start To Tucson's Labor Day Weekend. KOLD, 3. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  23. ↑ Associated Press: Meteorologists: Monsoon season weakest in years. KVOA, 6. September 2004, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
  24. ↑ Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names. National Hurricane Center, 2007, abgerufen am 1. März 2009.
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurrikan_Howard_(2004)&oldid=57615697“