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Haplogruppe J (Y-DNA)

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In human genetics, Haplogroup J (previously known as HG9 or Eu9/Eu10) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the 12f2.1 genetic marker, or the equivalent M304 marker.

Haplogroup J is believed to have arisen between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago in the Near East. It is most closely related to Haplogroup I, as both Haplogroup I and Haplogroup J are descendants of Haplogroup IJ (S2, S22). Haplogroup IJ is in turn derived from haplogroup F*.

The Cohen Modal Haplotype falls in haplogroup J.

Subdivisions

It is subdivided into two haplogroups, haplogroup J2, defined by the M172 marker, and haplogroup J1, defined by the M267 marker.

Haplogroup J1 is most frequent in the Levant, mainly in the Bedouin tribes (62,5%) and Palestinian Arabs (38,4%). With the spread of the Semitic tribes, it was also brought to Ethiopia (Amhara 33,3%) and North Africa (Algerians 35,0%, Tunisians 30,1%), where it became something like a marker of the Arabic expansion (Semino et al. 2004).


Datei:J1-JM267.jpg
The distribution of haplogroup J1 according to Semino et al. 2004


Haplogroup J2 is present especially in the Levant and Anatolia: in the Sephardim Jews (28,6%), Muslim Kurds (28,4%), Central Turks (27,9%), Georgians (26,7%), Lebanese (25%) and Ashkenazim Jews (23,2%). However, since it was one of the most important genetic markers of Anatolian neolithic agriculturalists, it is also very frequent in the Balkans (Greeks 20,6%, Albanians 19,6%) and in southern Italy (16,7-29,1%). Its frequency rapidly drops in the Carpathian basin (Croatians 6,2%, Hungarians 2,0%, Ukrainians 7,3%). The significant presence of J2 (J2b2+J2a) in India (18,6% in Dravidian upper castes, 14% in Aryan upper castes, 2% in tribes; Sengupta et al. 2006) must be of a very early date, because Indian J2 is not accompanied by its "loyal fellow-traveller" E3b1 that penetrated to the Near East from North Africa after the end of the Ice Age and is tightly bound with the spread of both J-subbranches since the neolithic era.


Datei:J2-JM172.jpg
The distribution of haplogroup J2 according to Semino et al. 2004


There are also some haplogroup J Y-chromosomes that belong to neither J1 nor J2, and are said to be in paragroup J*(xJ1,J2). This means that haplogroup J* includes all of J eXcept[sic] for J1 and J2.

See also

References

  • O. Semino et al.: Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area. American Journal of Human Genetics, 2004, p. 1023-1034
Evolutionsbaum Haplogruppen Y-chromosomale DNA (Y-DNA)
Adam des Y-Chromosoms
A00 A0’1'2’3'4
A0 A1’2'3’4
A1 A2’3'4
A2’3 A4=BCDEF
A2 A3 B CT 
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DE CF
D E C F
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G IJK H  
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G1 G2  IJ K 
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I J L K(xLT) T
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I1 I2 J1 J2 M NO P S
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N O Q R
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R1 R2
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R1a R1b