Haplogruppe G (Y-DNA)

In human genetics, Haplogroup G (M201) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of Haplogroup F (M89), and is believed to have originated about 15,000-20,000 years ago, along the eastern edge of the Middle East, or perhaps as far east as the Himalayan foothills in Pakistan or India.

Haplogroup G has an overall low frequency in most populations but is widely distributed in Eurasia and Oceania. It is most frequent in the Caucasus (found at ~75% in ethnic Ossetian males and ~30% in ethnic Georgian males) and is also found in Asia Minor (Turkey), the Middle East, the Balkans, and Italy, with decreasing frequency in other parts of the world. It has relatively high concentrations in northern Italy, Sardinia, northern Spain, and western Austria, especially the Tyrol region. Haplogroup G seems to have been at a high concentration among Etruscan populations. It is also found in Bohemia and Moravia. Other parts of Europe have low frequency; Britain and Norway for example at 1 - 2%. The distribution of haplogroup G in Europe seems to reflect a migration of agriculture-bringing Anatolian people into the Mediterranean Basin. The haplogroup may also have been brought by invading Sarmatians, Alans and Jasz (all descendant groups of the 'Iranian' Scythians). Around 10% of Ashkenazi Jewish males have haplogroup G, and the Jewish diaspora to Europe from the Middle East and the Arab Moor occupation of Spain are two other probable routes into Europe.

Two commonly occurring subgroups of Haplogroup G have been identified so far: G1 and G2. Mirroring the distributional distinction between Haplogroup J1 and Haplogroup J2 to a certain degree, Haplogroup G1 is relatively common among populations of Middle Eastern origin, whereas Haplogroup G2 is more typical of populations of Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Europe. When Haplogroup G1 is found in Europe, it is usually associated with Jews.

See also

• genetic genealogy

External links

• Maps
  • Map of G
  • Spread of Haplogroup G, from National Geographic
  • The 2006 ISOGG tree

• Mailing Lists
  • Yahoo group for members of the G Haplogroup (membership required)

• Theories on G Haplogroup in Europe
• FamilyTreeDNA's G group
• The Scandinavian yDNA Genealogical Project
• Danish Demes Regional DNA Project: Y-DNA Haplogroup G2

Evolutionsbaum Haplogruppen Y-chromosomale DNA (Y-DNA)
	Adam des Y-Chromosoms
		A00		A0’1'2’3'4
			A0	A1’2'3’4
				A1	A2’3'4
					A2’3	A4=BCDEF
				A2	A3		B		CT
												|
							DE				CF
				D		E				C		F
								|
									G								IJK		H
									|									|
							G1	G2								IJ	K
																|						|
													I		J						L			K(xLT)		T
													|				|							|
											I1			I2			J1		J2				M	NO		P		S
																								|			|
													|														|
											N		O													Q	R
																												|
																										R1		R2
																										|
																								R1a			R1b