Haplogruppe F (Y-DNA)

In human genetics, Haplogroup F (defining mutation M89) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.

This ancient haplogroup may have first appeared in Africa some 45,000 years before present. It is sometimes believed to represent a "second-wave" of expansion out of Africa. However, the location of this lineage's first expansion and rise to dominance appears to have been in India or somewhere close to it within South Asia or the Middle East; all of Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups also show a pattern of radiation from South Asia (haplogroups G, H, and K) or the Middle East (haplogroup IJ).

Haplogroup F* is an ancestral haplogroup to Y-chromosome haplogroups G (M201), H (M52), I (M170), J (12f2.1), and K (M9) along with its descendant haplogroups (L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R).

Besides the major clades G, H, IJ, and K, other patrilines derived from Haplogroup F-M89 can still be detected at a very low frequency among some populations of Eurasia and Oceania. India and Korea appear to be the only regions where such lineages, which are grouped for convenience as Haplogroup F*, comprise a significant portion of the Y-chromosome diversity of the modern populations. Korean F* probably reflects a rare brother clade of haplogroups G, H, IJ, and K that may have experienced a geographically limited expansion during historical times, as such Haplogroup F* Y-chromosomes are not found among the neighboring Japanese.

Several lineages derived from Haplogroup F appear to have migrated into Africa from a homeland in Southwest Asia sometime during prehistory. Y-chromosome haplogroups associated with this hypothetical "Back to Africa" migration include J, K, and R.

External links

• Spread of Haplogroup F*, from National Geographic

Evolutionsbaum Haplogruppen Y-chromosomale DNA (Y-DNA)
	Adam des Y-Chromosoms
		A00		A0’1'2’3'4
			A0	A1’2'3’4
				A1	A2’3'4
					A2’3	A4=BCDEF
				A2	A3		B		CT
												|
							DE				CF
				D		E				C		F
								|
									G								IJK		H
									|									|
							G1	G2								IJ	K
																|						|
													I		J						L			K(xLT)		T
													|				|							|
											I1			I2			J1		J2				M	NO		P		S
																								|			|
													|														|
											N		O													Q	R
																												|
																										R1		R2
																										|
																								R1a			R1b