Partito d’Azione
The Action Party (Partito d'Azione, Pd'A) was an Italian political party.
History
Italian political party of the anti-fascist opposition, in the tradition of Giuseppe Mazzini and the Risorgimento. Founded in July 1942 from the former confluence of militants of Giustizia e Libertà (Justice and Liberty), liberal socialists and democrats and heirs of the "liberal Socialism" of Carlo Rosselli and of the program of "liberal Revolution" of Piero Gobetti, who's writings aimed at the overcoming of class struggle and the Marxist economic determinism, for a 'new' shape of Socialism, respect for civil liberty and for radical change in the social and economic structures. From January 1943 it published a clandestine organ, "free Italy". Central members of the National Liberation Committee participated actively in the Italian resistance movement with units of Giustizia e Libertà (Justice and Liberty), commanded by Ferruccio Parri. It maintained a clear antimonarchical position and it was opposed to Togliatti and the Italian Communist Party's Salerno Initiative for postwar governance.
For Partito d'Azione units and involvement in the Italian resistance movement, see Giustizia e Libertà.
In the immediate post-war period it joined government with the nomination of Parri to the council of the presidency (June-November 1945). But as a result of the internal conflicts between the democratic-reformist line of Ugo di Malfa and that Socialist-revolutionary of Emilio Lussu, and because of the electoral defeat of 1946, the party folded. The main group of former members, guided from Riccardo Lombardi, joined to the Italian Socialist Party, while the Malfa entered in the Italian Republican Party.
Prominent Members
- Riccardo Bauer
- Norberto Bobbio
- Andrea Caffi
- Piero Calamandrei
- Guido Calogero
- Aldo Capitini
- Nicola Chiaromonte
- Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- Tristano Codignola
- Enrico Cuccia
- Guido Dorso
- Enzo Enriques Agnoletti
- Vittorio Foa
- Ettore Gallo
- Aldo Garosci
- Ugo La Malfa
- Massimo Mila
- Primo Levi
- Riccardo Lombardi
- Emilio Lussu
- Raffaele Mattioli
- Ferruccio Parri
- Ernesto Rossi
- Manlio Rossi Doria
- Joyce Salvadori Lussu
- Gaetano Salvemini
- Altiero Spinelli
- Alberto Tarchiani
- Adolfo Tino
- Silvio Trentin
- Leo Valiani
- Franco Venturi
- Paolo Vittorelli
- Bruno Zevi
See also
Sources
Website of the Italian Resistance Historical Society: http://www.romacivica.net/anpiroma/antifascismo/antifascismo15.html [1] Includes in-depth bios, recent remembrances, and selections from party documents.
Historical Dictionary entry from Paravia Mondadori Editori, an Italian Educational publishing house: http://www.pbmstoria.it/dizionari/storia_mod/p/p062.htm [2]