Võro
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| Võro (Võro kiil) | |
|---|---|
| Gesprochen in: | Estland |
| Muttersprachler: | 70000 |
| Rang: | nicht in den Top 100 |
| Linguistische Klassifikation: |
Uralische Sprachen
|
| Offizieller Status | |
| Regionalsprache in Estland: | Siehe: Regionalsprache |
| Reguliert durch: | - |
| Sprachcode | |
| ISO 639-1: | vr (Vorschlag) |
| ISO 639-2: | vro (Vorschlag) |
| SIL: | VRO (Vorschlag) |
Võro (võro kiil´), wie Estnisch, Ungarisch und Finnisch, ist eine Finno-Ugrische Sprache. Sie gehört zum Finnischen Zweig der Finno-Ugrischen Sprachen. Võro ist eine indigene Regionalsprache Estlands. Es gibt ungefähr 70.000 Sprecher (Võros), hauptsächlich im Süden Estlands, in den acht Gemeinden des historischen Võromaa: Karula, Harglõ, Urvastõ, Rõugõ, Kanepi, Põlva, Räpinä, and Vahtsõliina. Diese Gemeinden sind überwiegend Teil der Landkreise Võru und Põlva wobei ein kleine Teile sich in die Landkreise Valga und Tartu erstrecken.
History
Võro is a descendant of the old South-Estonian tribal language and is the least influenced by North-Estonian. The Võro language was also once spoken further south and east of historical Võromaa in what is now Latvia and Russia. In addition to Võro, other contemporary South-Estonian languages include the Mulgi, Tartu and Seto. By some linguists Võro and other South Estonian languages are still called dialects of Estonian.
One of the earliest written evidences of South Estonian is a translation of the New Testament (Wastne Testament) published in in 1686. Although the status of South Estonian began to diminish after the 1880s, the language began to undergo a revival in the late 1980s.
Present situation
Today, Võro is used in the works of some of Estonia's most well known playwrights, poets, and authors. Võro is taught once a week in 26 schools. The only Võro language newspaper Uma Leht comes out twice a month.
Võro language is seriously endangered by Estonian and English.
Orthography
Võro (like Estonian and Finnish) employs the Roman script. Most letters (also ä, ö, ü, and õ) denote the same sounds as in Estonian. Exceptions: q stands for glottal stop, y denotes a vowel very close to Russian ы (not Finnish y!), ´ marks palatalization of consonants (like in Polish): ś, ń, l´, t´, k´, h´ etc.
In Võro all consonants (except j and q) can be palatalized. Glottal stop (q) is very common sound in Võro. There is also the vowel harmony like in Finnish and Hungarian language.