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Snopes

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Snopes.com Vorlage:IPAc-en, formally known as the Urban Legends Reference Pages, is one of the first online fact-checking websites.[1] It is a widely known resource for validating and debunking urban legends and similar stories in American popular culture,[2] receiving 300,000 visits a day in 2010.[3]Vorlage:Update inline

History

In 1996, David and Barbara Mikkelson created an urban folklore web site that would become Snopes.com. Snopes was an early online encyclopedia focused on urban legends, that mainly presented search results of user discussions. The site grew to encompass a wide range of subjects and became a resource to which Internet users began submitting pictures and stories of questionable veracity. According to the Mikkelsons, Snopes antedated the search engine concept where people could go to check facts by searches.[4] David Mikkelson had originally adopted the username "Snopes" (the name of a family of often unpleasant people in the works of William Faulkner)[5][6] as a username in the Usenet newsgroup alt.folklore.urban.[7][8][6][8]

In 2002, the site had become well-known enough that a television pilot called Snopes: Urban Legends, was completed with American actor Jim Davidson as host. However, it did not air on major networks.[6] By mid-2014, Barbara Mikkelson had not written for the site "in several years"[9] and David Mikkelson hired employees to assist him from Snopes.com's message board. The Mikkelsons divorced around the same time, and Barbara no longer has an ownership stake in Snopes.com.[9]

On March 9, 2017 Mikkelson terminated a brokering agreement with Proper Media, the company that provides Snopes with web development, hosting, and advertising support.[10] This prompted Proper Media to stop remitting advertising revenue and to file a lawsuit in May. In late June, Bardav--the company founded by David and Barbara Mikkelson in 2003 to own and operate snopes.com--started a GoFundMe campaign to raise money to continue operations.[11] Later, in August, a judge ordered Proper Media to disburse advertising revenues to Bardav while the case was pending.[12] Snopes.com raised almost $700,000 from the GoFundMe effort in 2017.[13]

Main site

Snopes aims to debunk or confirm widely spread urban legends. The site has been referenced by news media and other sites, including CNN,[14] MSNBC,[15] Fortune, Forbes, and NY Times.[16] Vorlage:As of, the site had approximately 20 million visitors per month.[17][18]

Mikkelson has stressed the reference portion of the name Urban Legends Reference Pages, indicating that their intention is not merely to dismiss or confirm misconceptions and rumors but to provide evidence for such debunkings and confirmation as well.[19] Where appropriate, pages are generally marked "undetermined" or "unverifiable" when there is not enough evidence to either support or disprove a given claim.[20]

Lost legends

In an attempt to demonstrate the perils of over-reliance on the internet as authority, Snopes assembled a series of fabricated urban folklore tales that they term "The Repository of Lost Legends".[21] The name was chosen for its acronym, T.R.O.L.L., a reference to the early 1990s definition of the word troll, meaning an Internet prank, of which David Mikkelson was a prominent practitioner.[7]

Accuracy

Jan Harold Brunvand, a folklorist who has written a number of books on urban legends and modern folklore, considered the site so comprehensive in 2004 that he decided not to launch one of his own to similarly discuss the accuracy or various legends and rumors.[8]

Mikkelson has said that the site receives more complaints of liberal bias than conservative bias, but insists that the same debunking standards are applied to all political urban legends.[22] In 2012, FactCheck.org reviewed a sample of Snopes' responses to political rumors regarding George W. Bush, Sarah Palin, and Barack Obama, and found them to be free from bias in all cases.[22][23] In 2012, The Florida Times-Union reported that About.com's urban legends researcher found a "consistent effort to provide even-handed analyses" and that Snopes' cited sources and numerous reputable analyses of its content confirm its accuracy.[24]

Critics of the site have falsely asserted that it is funded by businessman and philanthropist George Soros, or linked sites, but all of Snopes’s revenue is from advertising on the site.[25] The New York Times has stated: Vorlage:Quote

Traffic and users

Vorlage:As of, Snopes.com's Alexa rating was 1,794. Approximately 80% of its visitors originate from within the United States.[26] In 2017, the site attracted 20 million unique visitors in one month.[27][28]

See also

Portal: Internet – Übersicht zu Wikipedia-Inhalten zum Thema Internet

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Vorlage:Urban Legends

  1. ↑ Snopes.com: Debunking Myths in Cyberspace], NPR, August 27, 2005 
  2. ↑ Neil Henry: American Carnival: Journalism Under Siege in an Age of New Media. University of California Press, 2007.
  3. ↑ David Pogue: At Snopes.com, Rumors Are Held Up to the Light In: The New York Times, July 15, 2010. Abgerufen im July 16, 2010 
  4. ↑ Brian Stelter: Debunkers of Fictions Sift the Net In: The New York Times, April 4, 2010. Abgerufen im April 5, 2010 
  5. ↑ Frequently Asked Questions. Snopes.com, abgerufen am 9. Juni 2006: „What are 'snopes'?“
  6. ↑ a b c Paul Bond: Web site separates fact from urban legend In: San Francisco Chronicle, September 7, 2002. Abgerufen im July 17, 2012 
  7. ↑ a b David Porter: Internet Culture. Routledge, 2013, ISBN 978-1-135-20904-9, Usenet Communities and the Cultural Politics of Information, S. 48 (google.com [abgerufen am 13. September 2016]): „The two most notorious trollers in AFU, Ted Frank and snopes, are also two of the most consistent posters of serious research.“
  8. ↑ a b c Cathy Seipp: Where Urban Legends Fall (Memento des Originals vom July 23, 2004 im Internet Archive) In: National Review, July 21, 2004. Abgerufen im February 7, 2014 
  9. ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen webby.
  10. ↑ Paul Farhi: Is Snopes.com, the original Internet fact-checker, going out of business? In: The Washington Post, July 24, 2017 
  11. ↑ Daniel Victor: Snopes, in Heated Legal Battle, Asks Readers for Money to Survive In: The New York Times, July 24, 2017 
  12. ↑ Michelle Dean: Snopes and the Search for Facts in a Post-Fact World 
  13. ↑ Click here to support Help save Snopes.com! organized by David Mikkelson. In: gofundme.com.
  14. ↑ Beth Nissen: Hear the rumor? Nostradamus and other tall tales, CNN, October 3, 2001. Abgerufen im June 7, 2009 
  15. ↑ Urban Legends Banned-April Fools'!, MSNBC, April 1, 2007. Abgerufen im June 7, 2009 
  16. ↑ Urban Legends Reference Pages: Who Is Barack Obama? Snopes, 24. August 2008, abgerufen am 22. Januar 2008.
  17. ↑ David Hochman: Rumor Detectives: True Story or Online Hoax? Reader's Digest, März 2009, archiviert vom Original am 18. März 2009; abgerufen am 29. März 2016.
  18. ↑ Teens Abusing Energy-Boosting Drinks, Doctors Fear, Fox News Channel, October 31, 2006. Abgerufen im June 7, 2009 
  19. ↑ Urban Legends Reference Pages: Frequently Asked Questions. Snopes, abgerufen am 9. Juni 2006: „How do I know the information you've presented is accurate?“
  20. ↑ Urban Legends Reference Pages: Round Rock Gangs. Snopes, 21. Juli 2011, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2009.
  21. ↑ Urban Legends Reference Pages: Lost Legends. Snopes, abgerufen am 9. Juni 2006.
  22. ↑ a b Ask FactCheck: Snopes.com. FactCheck.org, 10. April 2009, abgerufen am 4. November 2011.
  23. ↑ Fact-checking the fact-checkers: Snopes.com gets an 'A'. Network World, 13. April 2009;.
  24. ↑ Carole Fader: Fact Check: So who's checking the fact-finders? We are In: The Florida Times-Union, September 28, 2012. Abgerufen im July 20, 2016 
  25. ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen NYT.
  26. ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen alexa.
  27. ↑ Brian Stelter: Debunkers of Fictions Sift the Net In: The New York Times, April 4, 2010. Abgerufen im March 19, 2013 
  28. ↑ Snopes.com Audience Insights - Quantcast. In: www.quantcast.com.
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