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| Rajput clan: Rathod (राठौड़) | |
| Vansh | SuryavanshiVorlage:Citation needed |
| Descended from: | Kannauj (Gahadvala) |
| Branches: | Udawat, Champawat, Kumpawat, Jodha, Bika, Mallinath, Jaimalot, Mertia, Rupawat, Sindhal/Sindhav, karnot, Balawat,Raipalot |
| Ruled in | Kannauj, Marwar, Jangladesh, Malwa |
| Princely states: | Marwar (1226-1949) Bikaner (1488-1949) Kishangarh (1611-1949) Idar (1728–1949) Ratlam (1651–1949) Sitamau (1701–1949) Sailana (1730–1949) Alirajpur(1701–1949) Manda Poonch(1596–1798) Amritpur (1857–present) |
The Rathore (or Rathor or Rathur or Rathod or Rathour) (Hindi: राठौड़, IAST:Vorlage:Unicode or Vorlage:Unicode) is a Suryavanshi Rajput clan. Their Kuldevi is Nagnechiya Mata and "Karani Mata". Rathores are originally from Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh. Rathores are historically considered the samurais of India. Members of this caste are well known for their unflinching readiness for martyrdom and bravery in war. They have shown the highest level of bravery among all of the Rajput Clans. Being a Rathore is a great matter of pride and people look up to a Rathore with great respect and as a leader of them. Veer Durgadas Rathore was one of the most famous Rathores in history.
Often refered to as Rannbanka or Rannbankura the Rathores respect bravery and truth more than life. Much of the respect and admiration they receive is because of their unflinching readiness to sacrifice their own life in order to honor these values. Their war cry is "Jay Mataji" ("Hail the mother goddess"), which is also a phrase used by male members of the Rajput community to greet each other.
Current demographics
This clan established and inhabits the Marwar and Jangladesh regions of western Rajasthan, Idar state of Gujarat. Chhapra, Sheohar (a village called Tariyani Chapra also has a large number of Rathore Rajputs), migrated from Jaipur. A prominent Rathore family who are descendants of Rao Suraj Singh, are located in Poonch, Kashmir. Rathores originated from Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh and inhabit many western UP districts like Etah, Farrukhabad, Fatehpur etc.
In India, their native languages are Hindi and its dialects such as Rajasthani, Marwari and other languages of Rajasthan, Gujarati and Kutchi in Gujarat, as well as Punjabi in the Punjab, a dialect of Punjabi called Rathi spoken in Ratia and Tohana in present day Haryana derives its name from the Rathore clan that held sway in Uttar Pradesh (Basti-60 km from Ayodhaya), Rathores had 10 villages: Madhwapur, Umra, Dasiya, Daulatpur, Karma, Gandhariya, Kusma, Basdiha, Kusmahiya, Madhopur. Rathores residing in that area speak Awadhi. They also put Rao in front of their name, which is the designation given by Britishers to Rao Madhosingh. They are the descendants of Rao Madho Singh, brother of Rao Suraj Singh.
Dynasties belonging to this clan ruled a number of kingdoms and princely states in Rajasthan and neighbouring states before India's independence in 1947. The largest and oldest among these was Jodhpur, Marwar, Bikaner, and Idar in Gujrat. Apart from Idar, many of the Rathods had migrated to the different parts of Gujarat and one of them is Lunavada State (Currently in Panchmahals District of Gujarat.) Kanesar is one of the village in Lunawada State containing Rathods as a major population. The Maharaja of Jodhpur, is regarded as the head of the extended Rathore clan of Rajputs. Even in the modern times the clout of this clan in the democratic world is such that a large number of MLAs and MPs have been elected from among them.
Early history
Genealogy of Kamdhuj Gahadavala Kings of Kannauj
- Rao Dharma-Bambo, sovereign of Kanauj, had a son, Ajaichand. For twenty-one generations they bore the title Rao, afterwards that of Raja.
- Udaichand
- Narpati
- Kanaksen
- Sahassal
- Meghsen
- Birabhadra
- Deosen
- Bimalsen
- Dansen
- Mukund
- Budha
- Rajsen
- Tirpal
- Sripunja
- Vijaichand, his son
- Jaichand, who became the Naik of Kanauj.
Power struggles in North India
Major allies and foes
Raja Rangatdhwaj of Kannauj (Rajsen) - defeated Jasraj Tuar of Delhi. There were many battles between these two powers of north India.
In early 10th century, the Tomars of Delhi were paramount sovereigns of North India and were at peace or fight with the other three major kingdoms. The Chauhan's of Sambhar (Ajmer), Chaluk's (Solanki) of Annhalwar Patan and Gahadaval's (Rathore) of Kannauj. Raja Vijaychand Kamdhuj, attacked the aged Anangpal Tuar of Delhi[1] and at that time, Raja Someshwar of Ajmer moved forward and forged an alliance with Anangpal Tuar of Delhi. At Kalindi River (Kalinadi-Black River) Vijaychand formed army in sarpavyuha (Snake Formation) and Anangpal Tuar formed Garudavyuha (eagle formation) in consultation with Raja Someshwar of Sambhar (Ajmer) whose soldiers formed beak and neck, right wing was formed by Chaurangdev the Chauhan hero and left wing was formed by Birangdev. Anagpal Tuar and his army formed feet of eagle and Kaurambh Jai formed the tail. When the battle started and the armies joined, a cloud of dust arose the earth shook, banners and standards waved drums and trumpets sounded. The battle raged, the arrows darkened, the sun, the dagger ( Jamdad ) plied its trade and the Chauhan was the victor.
The Rathore drank liquor and came back with double energy and crazy mind, Viram and Ripusal Vaghela were driven back. Vijaypal then attacked Someshwar who was supported by princes of moon race and Anagpal Tuar. Anagpal repulsed Kamdhuj but after retreating 100 paces he came back. Then Someshwar attacke him and battle ensued. Vijaychand had to retreat and Someshwar was declared hero of the war, so please was Anagpal with valour of Someshwar that he bestowed his daughter in marriage to him, the progeny of which was Rai Pithora (Prithviraj Chauhan).
Attack of Md. Shahbuddin Ghori
When Mohammed Ghori Attacked India in 1193 A.D. the major power holder were Tuars/Tomars of Delhi, Rathors of Kannauj, Chauhans of Ajmer and Gehlots of Mewar. They all were at times either allies or at war with each other and all princes of India paid homage to one or the other. Muslims took advantage of these hostilities.
The Gahadvalas were displaced from Kannauj by the invasion, in 1194 CE, of Muhammad of Ghor. They did not support Prithviraj Chauhan and two years later were themselves cut by the same enemy.
Sheoji migrates
It is said that Sheoji,[2] a surviving grandson of Jaichand, made his way into the western desert with a group of faithful followers, finally settling in the town of Pali in Marwar, which was ruled by another branch of the Pratiharas. Sheoji is regarded as the patriarch of the entire Rathore clan and all Rathores and Rathods trace their patrilineage back to him. The tradition finds supports from a number of inscriptions found in the vicinity of Kannauj that mention several generations of a Rashtrakuta dynasty ruling there for two centuries. A very similar account is also mentioned in the "Rashtraudha Kavya" of Rudrakavi, finished in 1595, who was the court poet in the court of the Rashtraudha king, Narayana of Mayurgiri.
Marwar and beyond
The Rathores gradually spread across Marwar, forming a brotherhood of landowners and village chieftains, loosely bound to each other by ties of clan and caste. An epoch in the history both of Marwar and of the Rathores was marked by Rao Jodha, a warrior who founded a kingdom that grew to encompass all of Marwar. He also founded the city of Jodhpur in 1459, and moved his capital thither from Mandore.
Rathore of Rajasthan
Idar State (Sabarkantha Dist and some areas of Mahesana Dist in Gujarat) was one of the largest princely states in Gujarat, was ruled by Rathores. Apart from Idar many of the Rathods had migrated to the different parts of Gujarat and one of them is Lunavada State (Currently in Panchmahals District of Gujarat.)
One of his sons, Rao Bika, with the help of his uncle Rawat Kandhal, established the town of Bikaner in 1488, in the Jangladesh region lying to the north of Marwar; that town was to become the seat of a second major Rathore kingdom. Some of these migrations from Marwar into Gujarat caused changes in language and the spelling of Rathore to Rathod, which is seen in clans present in Gujarat. Rathods of Gujarat trace their history to the city Jodhpur.
The various cadet branches of the Rathore clan gradually spread to encompass all of Marwar and later sallied abroad to found states in Central India and Gujarat. At the time of India's independence in 1947, the princely states ruled by various branches of the Rathore clan included:
- Jodhpur (Marwar): covering the present-day districts of Jodhpur, Pali, Nagaur, Barmer
- Merta City (Nagaur): Covering the present-day districts of Udaipur, kheroda, Sadri, Salumber, Chavand, Bhagor, Kurabad, Parsola
- Bikaner (Jangladesh): Covering the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar and Hanumangarh;
- Khimsar in present day between Jodhpur and Nagaur. Founded in 1523 by Rao KAramsi, The son of Rao jodha (founder of Jodhpur)
- Kishangarh in present-day Rajasthan, founded in 1611 by Raja Kishan Singh, son of Udai Singh of Marwar & balawat rathore
- Idar in present-day Gujarat, founded in 1728 or 1729.
- Ratlam in present-day Ratlam District of Madhya Pradesh, founded 1651.
- Jhabua in present-day Madhya Pradesh
- Sitamau in present-day Mandsaur District of Madhya Pradesh, founded 1701 by Raja Kesho Das.
- Sailana in present-day Ratlam District of Madhya Pradesh, founded in 1730 by Raja Jai Singh.
- Manda in present day uttar pradesh, direct lineage from the younger brother of Raja Jaichand of Kannauj. Former Indian Prime Minister Raja Bahadur Vishwanath Pratap Singhji was Last King of Manda.
- Alirajpur in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
- Jobat in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
- Kashipur in present day Uttarakhand.
- Basti in present day Uttarpradesh (60 km from Ayodhaya)
- Jubbal in present day Himachal Pradesh.
- Kotra in presant day Rajastahn Barmer district founded in 1350 Rawat Jet singh.
- Barmer in present day Barmer district of Rajasthan.
- Saraikela also spelt Seraikella, now Saraikela Kharswan district in Jharkhand
- Bari Sadri also spelt Sadri, in present day near Chittorgarh, Udaipur.
Other demographics
There is a small number of Rathores in Village Baburban, Muzaffarpur district of Bihar.The family was headed by Sri Sugreev Singh. Eminent Industrialist Sunil Singh Rathore and Rajesh Singh Rathore belongs to the same family.They have inhabited 60 villages in Kaimur and Buxar district of Bihar.Twenty five miles to the east of Ballia-Bairiya bandh, There is a small village called Majhauan in Ballia district of Uttar pradesh. This area ruled by semariya patti RATHORE jodha clan. The place has a rich population of rathore(about 500 rathore families). They had migrated from Jodhpur Rajasthan, speak Mewari language
Notable Rathores
- Maharaja Gaj Singh II aka. Baap ji, present Maharaja of Jodhpur (Marwar)[3]
- Lance Dafadar Govind Singh, Recepient of the prestigious VICTORIA CROSS in the battle of cambrai, France 1917.
- Vishal Pratap Singh Rathore, one of the first receipients to get the Maharana Mewar Foundation.
- Vishvanath Pratap Singh, Ex-Prime minister of India. Raja of Manda.
- Jaswant Singh, Ex-External Affairs minister of India, Played critical role of normalizing relations after India's second nuclear test at Pokhran.Check Engaging India: Strobe Talbott
- Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (Olympic silver medal in 2004 Athens Games, double trap team gold in 2005, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 2004)
- Naik Jadu Nath Singh, fourth recipient of Param Vir Chakra.
- Lt. Col Kishan Singh Rathore (Ghadsisar, Bikaner), one of the first recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra (second highest gallantry award of the Indian Armed Force
- Mahendra Singh Rathore (akelii) social worker